TurkJZool 27(2003)293-300 ©TÜB‹TAK OntheDistribution,TaxonomyandKaryologyoftheGenus Plecotus (Chiroptera:Vespertilionidae)inTurkey AhmetKARATAfi DepartmentofBiology,FacultyofScience-Art,Ni¤deUniversity,Ni¤de–TURKEY NuriY‹⁄‹T,ErcümentÇOLAK,TolgaKANKILIÇ DepartmentofBiology,FacultyofScience,AnkaraUniversity,Ankara-TURKEY Received:12.04.2002 Abstract: Plecotusauritus andPlecotusaustriacus wererecordedfrom8and3localitiesintheAsiaticpartofTurkey,respectively. Itwasdeterminedthatthelengthofthefirstpremolar,theshapeofthezygomaticarchesandbaculumdistinguishthesetaxaf rom eachother.Apartfromthesemorphologicalcharacteristics,thetibialengthof P.austriacus wasfoundtobesignificantlygreater thanthatof P.austriacus (P<0.05).Thediploidchromosomenumberswereidenticalinbothtaxa(2n=32).Thenumberof chromosomalarms(FN=54)andthenumberofautosomalchromosomalarms(FNa=50)werethesameasinpreviouslypublished papersonP.austriacus. KeyWords: Plecotusauritus,Plecotusaustriacus,Karyology,Turkey Türkiye’deYay›l›flGösterenPlecotus (Chiroptera:Vespertilionidae)CinsininYay›l›fl›, TaksonomisiveKaryolojisiÜzerineBirÇal›flma Özet: Plecotusauritus sekizvePlecotusaustriacus üçlokalitedenolmaküzereAnadolu’dankaydedildi.‹lkpremolarlar›nuzunlu¤u, zygomatikyay›nvebakulumunfleklininbutaksonlar›birbirindenay›rd›¤›saptand›.Bumorfolojikkarakterlerdenbaflka, P. autriacus’untibiauzunlu¤ununP.austriacus’tanistatistikiolarakdahabüyükoldu¤ubelirlendi(P<0.05).Diploidkromozomsay›s› herikitaksondabenzerbirflekilde2n=32dir. P.austriacus’unkromozomkolsay›lar›n›n(FN=54)veotosomalkromozomkol say›lar›n›n(FNa=50)literatüreuygunoldu¤ubulundu. AnahtarSözcükler: Plecotusauritus,Plecotusaustriacus,Karyoloji,Türkiye Introduction currentlydistributedfromWesternEuropetoCentral ThegenusPlecotusE.Geoffroy,1818isdistributed Siberia(Corbet,1978;Koopman,1994;Mitchell-Jones inthePalaearcticandNearcticregions(Koopman,1994). etal.,1999). Ofthesespecies, Plecotusauritus (Linnaeus,1758), P.austriacus isessentiallyacavern-dwellingbatinthe knownasthebrownlong-earedbat,and Plecotus ArabianPeninsula(HarrisonandBates,1991).Mitchell- austriacus (Fischer,1829),knownasthegreylong-eared Jonesetal.(1999)alsonotedthat P.austriacus inhabits bat,rangeacrossTurkey(Satunin,1913;Kahmannand openandsemi-coveredareasandroostsprimarilyin Ça¤lar,1960;Hanák,1966;DeBlaseandMartin,1973; rockycavitiesinEurope.AccordingtoKoopman(1994), NaderandKock,1983;LanzaandFinotello,1985; thisspeciesisrepresentedby8subspeciesintheworld, Helversen,1989;Albayrak,1990;Albayrak,1993; andtheformerlydescribed P.austriacuskolombatovici SteinerandGaisler,1994;BendaandHorácek,1998; Dulic,1980,fromEuropewasreevaluatedasnewspecies Mitchell-Jonesetal.,1999). P.auritus inhabits Plecotuskolombatovici Spitzenbergeretal.,2001.In woodlands,andusestheroofspaceofhousesandbarns addition3new Plecotus specieshaverecentlybeen aswellastreeholesinsummer(Mitchell-Jonesetal., describedinEurope: Plecotusalpinus KieferandVeith, 1999).Koopman(1994)recognised4subspeciesof P. 2001; Plecotusmicrodontus Spitzenberger,Haringand auritus,andthenominativesubspecies, auritus,is Tvrtkovic,2002;and Plecotussardus Mucedda,Kiefer, 293 OntheDistribution,TaxonomyandKaryologyoftheGenus Plecotus (Chiroptera:Vespertilionidae)inTurkey PidincheddaandVeith,2002(Kieferetal.,2002;Kiefer usingat-test(MicrosoftExcelt-test,two-sample andVeith,2001;Spitzenbergeretal.,2001; assumingunequalvariances).Allspecimenswere Spitzenbergeretal.,2002;Muceddaetal.,2002).Of depositedasskinsandskullsattheDepartmentof thesespecies,P.microdontus waslaterevaluatedtobea Biology,FacultyofScienceandArt,Ni¤deUniversity. synonymofP.alpinus (Kock,2002). Abbreviationsusedinthetext: TBL:Totalbody Lanza(1960),Bauer(1960),Harrison(1964), length,TL:Taillength,HFL:Hindfootlength,EL:Ear Corbet(1978)andLanzaandFinotello(1985)reported length,TrL:Traguslength,TrW:Traguswidth,FAL: thatP.auritus andP.austriacus aresiblingspeciesand Forearmlength,TiL:Tibialength,LFP:Lengthoffirst occursympatricallyinEurope.Thesespecieswerealso phalangewithoutnail,WSL:Wingspanlength,W:Weight, sympatricallydistributedinTurkey(NaderandKock, ZB:Zygomaticbreadth,IC:Interorbitalconstriction,GLS: 1983;Helversen,1989;Albayrak,1990;Albayrak, Greatestlengthofskull,CBL:Condylobasallength,RW: 1993;BendaandHorácek,1998).Becauseofthevery Rostrumwidth,MAB:Mastoidbreadth,WB:Widthof weakmorphologicaldifferencesbetweenthespecies, braincase,HB:Heightofbraincase,MAL:Mandible populationsof P.auritus fromtheMiddleEastwere length,UML:Maxillarytoothrow(C-M 3),LML: classifiedwithinP.austriacus byAtallah(1977),DeBlase Mandibulartoothrow(C-M 3). (1980)andHarrisonandBates(1991).Later,itwas revealedthatthesetaxalivesympatricallyintheMiddle East(Lanza,1959;Lanza,1960;DeBlase,1980).Upto ResultsandDiscussion now,therehasbeennokaryologicalrecordonthegenus Plecotusauritus (Linnaeus,1758) Plecotus inTurkey,and P.austriacus especiallywasvery Distributionandecologicalremarks: P.auritus were rarelyrecordedfromeasternTurkey(Strelkov,1988; recordedfrom8differentlocalities(Fig.1),andwere BendaandHorácek,1998).Theaimofthisstudyisto alsoobservedaroundErzincanandNi¤deprovinces.Of contributetothedistributionandkaryologyofthegenus theselocalities,Ni¤de,Eskiflehir,Aksaray,andKayseri Plecotus,andprovidecomparativematerialsfor werelocatedincentralAnatolia,butErzincan,Rizeand taxonomicstudies. Hataywereineastern,north-easternandsouth-eastern Turkey,respectively.Inadditiontoourdistributional MaterialsandMethods records,thisspecieswaspreviouslyrecordedfromAsiatic TurkeybySatunin(1913),KahmannandÇa¤lar(1960), In1999and2001,specimensof P.auritus (n=12) DeBlaseandMartin(1973),Albayrak(1990,1993), andP.austriacus (n=12)werecapturedwithmistnets SteinerandGaisler(1994)andBendaandHorácek andbyhandinseverallocalitiesinAsiaticTurkey(Fig.1), (1998).Thelastpointofdistributionof P.auritus was andthesespecimenswereexaminedwithrespecttotheir reportedbyBobrinskiietal.(1944)ineasternTurkey. morphologicalandkaryologicalcharacteristics.Inaddition Wecaughtspecimensinthecrevicesofhistoricalcastles, ecologicalobservationswerealsorecordedinthefield. oldbuildings,ruinsandancientstonemonasteries.We Agedeterminationwasperformedaccordingtothe alsofoundasummerroostwith7-8individualsinthe criteriagivenbyDeBlase(1980).Externalandcranial roofofanancientstonemonastery.Accordingtoourfield measurements(mm)andweight(g)wereobtainedfrom observations,individualscommencedactivityjustbefore eachanimal(DeBlase,1980;HarrisonandBates,1991). dusk,andflewataheightof3-15m.Theirflyingstyleis Twomalesofbothspecieswerekaryotypedbasedonthe reminiscentofabutterfly.Itwasdeterminedthatthey colchicinehypotoniccitratetechniqueofFordand oftencomebacktotheroostingplaceduringtheir Hamerton(1956).Atotalof10to20slideswere activity.Whenresting,theykeeptheirearsundertheir preparedfromeachspecimen,andatleast30well-spread wings,andthetragiaremarkedlyvisible.Thelocalitiesin metaphaseplateswereanalysed.Thediploidnumberof centralAnatoliaweresteppe-like,andtreeswerevery chromosomes(2n),thetotalnumberofchromosomal rare,butthenorth-easternandsouth-easternlocalities arms(FN),andthenumberofautosomalarms(FNa)as werealmostcoveredwithtrees.Thesefindingsshowthat wellastheXandYchromosomesweredetermined. thisspecieshasawidehabitattolerance.Unlikeour Biometriccharacteristicsofadultswerecomparedby findings,Mitchell-Jonesetal.(1999)statedthatbrown 294 A.KARATAfi,N.Y‹⁄‹T,E.ÇOLAK,T.KANKILIÇ Figure1.Recordinglocalitiesof Plecotusauritus (●)and Plecotusaustriacus (O),1: Eskiflehir,2:Ermenek(Karaman),3:Güzelyurt(Aksaray),4:Ni¤de,5:Uluk›flla (Ni¤de),6:Melikgazi(Kayseri),7:Talas(Kayseri),8:Yeflilhisar(Kayseri),9:Belen (Hatay),10:Kemâh(Erzincan),11.Hemflin(Rize). long-earedbatswereawoodlandspeciesandusedthe premolarispresent,andisalsoshorterthanin P. roofspaceofhouses,barnsandchurchesaswellastree austriacus (Fig.2).Thetipoftheangularprocessinthe holesinsummer. mandibleispointed. Externalcharacteristics:Brownlong-earedbatsare Baculum: Thebaculumiscomposedof2mainparts: amediumsizedspecieswithmaximumTBL102mm theshaftandbase.Theshaftisintheshapeofastick, amongVespertilionidbats.Externalmeasurementsalong andthebaculumhasabifurcatedbaseandarenotparallel withweightsaregiveninTable1.Thedorsalfuris toeachother.Themaximumlengthandwidthofthe tricoloured,thebaseofhairsareblackish,themid-zones baculumsmeasuredwere1mmand0.6mm, arepaleyellowishandtheirtipsarelightbrown.Thusthe respectively.Theshapeofthebaculumdistinguishes P. generalappearanceofthedorsalfurislightbrown,and auritus fromP.austriacus;thisdifferencecomesfromthe thecoloursoftherostrumandthebackofearare patternofarmsofthebaculumbaseinbothspecies.This somehowwarmerandmoreyellowishthanthedorsal findingwasconsistentwithTopál(1958),Lanza(1959, fur.Theearsareverylong,upto42mm,andthereare 1960),Hanák(1966),Qumsiyeh(1985),Hilland 22-24horizontalridgesontheirinternalsurfaces.The Harrison(1987),andAlbayrak(1990,1993). tragusatitswidestpointmeasuredlessthan5mmand Karyology: Thediploidnumberofchromosomesis2n islongandtransparent.Thewingsarelongandhighly =32,autosomesconsistof20metacentricor pointed,enablingthisbatmanoeuvrableflight.Thewing submetacentricand10acrocentricchromosomes.TheX membranesareinsertedonthetibiajustabovetheankle. islargemetacentric,andtheYchromosomeissmall Thetailisalmostenclosedwithintheuropatagium,but acrocentric.TheNFandNFaare54and50,respectively thetipofthetailslightlyextendsoutsidethe (Fig.3). uropatagium. AccordingtoZimaandKrál(1984),thekaryotypeof Cranialcharacteristics: Theskulliselongated,and P.auratus iscomposedof10pairsofmetacentricand inflatedupwardsatthelevelofbraincase(Fig.2).The submetacentric,3pairsacrocentricand2pairsofdot-like