<p> Definitions and Rules</p><p>Phonemic Awareness The ability to hear the individual sounds that make up words; an understanding that speech is composed of Individual sounds.</p><p>Phonics The various ways of teaching children the relationship between spelling patterns and sound patterns; the complex relationship between the sounds of language and the system of spelling.</p><p>Vowels Consonants a, e, I, o, u, and sometimes y and w</p><p>Consonant Blend the remaining letters and sometimes y and w</p><p> two or more consonants sounded together in such a way that each is heard</p><p>Black Ir ram Crib Swim jpnng</p><p> two consonants together that represent one Consonant Digraph sound</p><p>When Thin Church Sheep</p><p>Pack Know Write</p><p>Rule: If a word or syllable has only one vowel and Short Vowels It comes at the, beginning or between two consonants, the vowel Is usually short.</p><p>Am Dog Bed Mitt</p><p>Rule #1: If two vowels go walking together, the first Long Vowels one does the talking and the second one listens.</p><p>Rain Jeep Read Boat</p><p>Other Definitions and Rules</p><p>One word made up of two or more words. The words in the compound words do not change their spelling. Compound Word Doghouse Sandbox Milkman</p><p>One word made up of two words that have letters left out Contraction marked by an apostrophe.</p><p>Can't Won't He'!</p><p>Word to which a prefix or suffix can be added. Also known Root Word as the base word.</p><p>Print Pack Like</p><p>Syllable added to the beginning of a root word. Prefix Reprint Unpack Dislike</p><p>Syllable added to the end of a root word. Suffix Prints Packing Liked</p><p>Adding 'S' to a word to make it mean more than one. Plurals Dogs Kites Jackets</p><p>Rule #1: If a word ends in x, z, ss, sh, or ch, usually add es Peaches Glasses Foxes</p><p>Rule #2: If a word ends in V which has a consonant before it, change the 'Y5 to an T and add 'ES.' ,</p><p>Baby - Babies Fairy-Fairies</p><p>Adding 'ing’ and 'ed' Rule#1: When the short vowel word ends in a single consonant, usually double the consonant before adding 'ing' or 'ed'.</p><p>Run - Running Hum - Hummed</p><p>Rule #2: When the word ends with an '£', drop . :3^.;.~. -.- . the 'E' and add 'ing' or 'ed.'</p><p>Bake — Baking, Baked Tape - Taping/Taped</p><p>Rule #3: When a word ends in a 'Y preceded by a consonant, change the T to'!' before adding a suffix other than 'ing.' Cry-Cried, Crying Try - Tried, Trying</p>