<p>Quiz 2 study guide Cultural Anthropology, Fall 2011 Quiz is scheduled for Thursday, Nov. 3 (We don’t meet Nov. 1)</p><p>1. What is the difference between sex and gender? (lecture and ‘Humanity’ ch. 11) 2. According to Michael Kimmel, is gender inequality learned or biological? (lecture) 3. What is the ‘rule of thumb’ connected with women, economic contribution and level of power and influence in a culture or group? (lecture) 4. Why have many anthropologists concluded that gender inequalities in several places of the world were often created or exacerbated by Western, European and Euro-American influences during and after colonialism? How is the case of the Igbo women in Nigeria an example? (lecture) 5. Why did anthropologist Helen Fisher (TED video about love and romance) say that as women move into the work force in the present, we are emulating the ways that humans lived before the invention of the plow and agriculture? 6. What were some of the main points that Fisher made concerning the sex drive, romantic love, and deep attachment? What does she predict for marriages in the future? 7. What did Signithia Fordham show in her study of a predominantly black high school in Washington D.C? What did Fordham learn about the paradox that Euro-American women experienced in the 1990s compared with the double paradox that African American women experienced? What were mainstream assumptions about women and the reality for African American women? Why? (lecture) 8. How does Fordham’s study relate to Maltz and Borker’s study results about ‘mainstream’ male and female differences in communication and the reasons for those differences? (handout) 9. How does the Malagasy example of men and women’s speech patterns and beliefs about gender compare with typical North American assumptions about men and women’s speech patterns and beliefs about gender? (lecture) 10.According to the biological anthropologist authors of Why Sex Matters, what are the reproductive imperatives of males compared with females and what might those differences have to do with patterns of gender dominance? (lecture) 11.Why have there been no apparent matriarchies? (lecture/Why Sex Matters, ‘Humanity’) 12.What are some of the main points that evolutionary psychology scientists make concerning sexual double standards? (‘Humanity’, pgs. 240 to 241) 13.What is significant about the Hua of Papua New Guinea and their concepts concerning gender? (‘Humanity’ pg. 242) 14.Be prepared to discuss multiple gender identities discussed in your book Humanity, pgs. 244-249, and the article The Berdache Tradition in AEA. According to the article The Berdache Tradition, why is the Western debate about homosexuality less applicable to more traditional Native American philosophy and cosmology? How are more traditional Native American understandings about spirituality and nature different from many Western traditions, and how do philosophies about human relationships with spirituality and nature influence interpretations of sexuality? 15.Because we are not meeting Tuesday, Nov. 1, part of preparing for the quiz will include going to the wiki folder titled gender continued. Watch the videos, read the short lecture, and pay attention to the questions asked in the question page. 16.Understand the main points of the articles Where Fat is a Mark of Feminine Beauty and … what if it’s a girl? 17.Individualism as defined by Francis Hsu (lecture) 18.Collectivism as defined by Francis Hsu (lecture) 19.What did the film Preschools in Three Cultures reveal about ways children learn tendencies toward individualism or collectivism in Japan, China, and Hawaii? 20.Describe areas of the United States that are more collectivistic and why, according to social psychologists Vandello & Cohen (1999). Why are some areas of the country more or less individualistic? (lecture)</p><p>Kinship Section (see study cards for some of these concepts, the lectures and chapters 8 and 9 in ‘Humanity’) 21.What is the importance of kinship to social organization? 22.Vertical function of kinship 23.Horizontal function of kinship 24.Types of kinship descent: bilateral, patrilineal, matrilineal 25.Common types of residence after marriage: patrilocal, matrilocal, neolocal 26.Types of marriages: monogamy, polygamy, polygyny, polyandry 27.Endogamy and its social purposes 28.Exogamy and its social purposes 29.Bride wealth, bride service and their functions 30.Dowry and its function 31.Polygamy 32.Polygyny and reasons for … (‘Humanity’ pgs. 174 – 179) 33.Polyandry and reasons for … (‘Humanity’ pgs. 179 – 180) 34.Marriage alliances and the horizontal function of marriage. 35.Be able to describe some gender ideologies and marriage practices among the Awlad ‘Ali Bedouin Tribes, according to anthropologist Lila Abu-Lughod (as discussed in class) 36.In reference to the exercise you did as a class to arrange the marriages of your children: be able to explain what you learned about the economic and social functions and ideologies connected with arranged marriage in many Arab cultures. 37.What is the theory of cultural materialism? (see lecture notes) What is infrastructure, social structure, and super structure and their relation to each other? 38. How might the theory of cultural materialism help explain some of the reasons for kinship systems and marriage practices such as polyandry in Tibet (article), the Awlad ‘Ali Bedouins (lecture and class exercise), Kyrgyzstan bride kidnapping (videoand wiki notes week 6), and the Maasai pastoralists (video and wiki notes week 6). Consider the basic infrastructure (economic system, technology, environment, ways of making a living etc.) for each group and be able to point to how the kinship system and marriage rules (social structure) support the infrastructure. Discuss what you know about the ideologies and beliefs (super structure) that motivate people in these groups to follow their kinship rules and marriage practices. </p>