<p> Supplemental Tables</p><p>Table S1 Classification system of zonality vegetation types on CSCS</p><p>K Σθ ＜0.3 0.3~0.9 0.9~1.2 1.2~1.5 1.2~2.0 ＞2.0 ＜1300 (IA1)Frigid-extrarid (IB8) (IC15) Frigid- (ID22) Frigid- (IE29) Frigid- (IF36)Frigid frigid desert, alpine Frigid-arid semiarid dry subhumid moist humid tundra, perhumid rain desert frigid zonal tundra, alpine tundra, alpine alpine meadow tundra, alpine semidesert, steppe meadow steppe meadow alpine semidesert 1300~23 (IIA2)Cold (IIB9)Cold (IIC16)Cold (IID23)Cold (IIE30) Cold (IIF37)Cold 00 temperate-extrarid temperate- temperate temperate temperate temperate montane desert arid semiarid subhumid humid montane perhumid taiga montane montane steppe montane meadow forest semidesert meadow steppe 2300~37 (IIIA3)Cool (IIIB10) (IIIC17)Cool (IIID24)Cool (IIIE31)Cool (IIIF38)Cool 00 temperate-extrarid ool temperate temperate- temperate- temperate temperate zonal temperate- semiarid subhumid humid forest perhumid mixed desert arid temperate meadow steppe steppe, coniferous temperate typical steppe deciduous broad broad leaved zonal leaved forest forest semidesert 3700~53 (IVA4)Warm (IVB11) (IVC18) Warm (IVD25) Warm (IVE32) Warm (IVF39) Warm 00 temperate-extrarid Warm temperate temperate- temperate- temperate warm temperate temperate- semiarid warm subhumid forest humid perhumid zonal desert arid warm temperate steppe deciduous broad deciduous broad temperate typical steppe leaved forest leaved forest zonal semidesert 5300~62 (VA5) Warm-extrarid (VB12) (VC19) Warm- (VD26) Warm- (VE33) Warm- (VF40) Warm- 00 subtropical desert Warm-arid semiarid subhumid humid perhumid warm subtropical deciduous broad evergreen- deciduous- subtropical grasses- leaved forest deciduous broad evergreen broad semidesert fruticous steppe leaved forest leaved forest 6200~80 (VIA6)Subtropical- (VIB13) (VIC20) (VID27) (VIE34) (VIF41) Sub- 00 extrarid subtropical Subtropical Subtropical- Subtropical- Subtropical- tropical desert arid semiarid subhumid humid perhumid subtropical subtropical sclerophyllous evergreen broad evergreen broad desert brush steppe forest leaved forest leaved forest brush ＞8000 (VIIA7) Tropical- (VIIB14) (VIIC21) (VIID28) (VIIE35) (VIIF42) extrarid Tropical Tropical- Tropical- Tropical-humid Tropical- tropical desert arid semiarid subhumid seasonal perhumid rain tropical savanna tropical rain forest forest desert xerophytic forest brush Table S2 Grassland classes within the CSCS include 10 super-classes, based on ecological similarity</p><p>>0°C Annual H Cod cumulative umidity abbreviatio Super-classes classes e temperature (K) n (Σθ) ＜1300 ＜0.3 Tundra and 1 TAS IA1，IB8，IC15，ID22，IE29，IF36 alpine steppe 2 1300~5300 ＜0.3 Frigid desert FD IIA2，IIIA3，IVA4 3 ＞5300 ＜0.3 Warm desert WD VA5，VIA6，VIIA7 4 1300~6200 0.3~0.9 Semi-desert SD IIB9，IIIB10，IVB11，VB12 5 1300~6200 0.9~1.2 Steppe ST IIC16，IIIC17，IVC18，VC19 6 ＞6200 0.3~1.2 Savanna SA VIB13，VIIB14，VIC20，VIIC21 Temperate 7 1300~3700 1.2~2.0 humid THG IID23， IIID24，IIE30 grassland 1300~5300 ＞1.2 IIF37， Temperate 8 TEF IIIE31，IIIF38，IVF39，IVD25，IVE forest 32 5300~8000 ＞1.2 Sub-tropical VD26，VID27，VE33，VIE34，VF40 9 STF forest ，VIF41 10 ＞8000 ＞1.2 Tropical forest TRF VIID28，VIIE35，VIIF42</p><p>Table S3 Seasonal variation of grassland NPP in China from 2001to 2010</p><p>Minimu Percentage of Maximum Average (g C m- Season m (g C ） SD total (g C m-2) 2) Total (Pg C m-2) NPP（%） Spring 2.83 450.14 27.203 1.011 40.78 21.248 Summe 6.54 546.32 108.193 2.747 95.34 57.734 r Autumn 2.13 231.54 22.943 0.762 32.75 16.015 Winter 1.33 83.47 6.73 0.238 10.28 5.002 </p>