<p>CHAPTER 39 TEST REVIEW</p><p>1. One of the biggest problems for communism in eastern Europe had been its inability to connect with nationalism.</p><p>2. In regards to eastern Europe at the end of World War II, the Soviet Union had a very good reputation because of its role in defeating the Nazis.</p><p>3. The Russian leader who brought massive reform to the Soviet Union beginning in 1985 was Mikhail Gorbachev</p><p>4. The collapse of communism came first to Poland.</p><p>5. Solidarity was a combined trade union and nationalist movement in Poland.</p><p>6. Lech Walesa became president of Poland</p><p>7. At the time he was forced out of office in 1989, the longest surviving communist leader was Bulgaria’s Todor Zhivkov</p><p>8. The “velvet revolution” brought change to Czechoslovakia.</p><p>9. Nicolae Ceausescu was the brutal Romanian dictator who was overthrown and killed in 1989.</p><p>10.Czechoslovakia gained its independence from Soviet control but then split in half to form the Czech Republic and Slovakia.</p><p>11. Lech Walesa from Poland was not a communist leader.</p><p>12. Erich Honecker from East Germany rejected Gorbachev’s reforms and clung to the traditional Soviet pattern.</p><p>13. Mikhail Gorbachev never intended to abolish the existing Soviet political and economic system.</p><p>14. Mikhail Gorbachev tried to implement a policy of “acceleration” or uskorenie.</p><p>15. Mikhail Gorbachev’s policy of perestroika referred to restructuring Russia.</p><p>16. When Mikhail Gorbachev discussed the opening of Soviet society to public criticism and admission of past mistakes he used the term glasnost.</p><p>17. At the time of the collapse of communism t 50% percent of Soviet citizens were Russian.</p><p>18. The first of the Soviet republics to declare their independence were the Baltic states of Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania.</p><p>19. At the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union the largest of the republics, the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic was headed by Boris Yeltsin 20. Mikhail Gorbachev was rescued from an unsuccessful coup by Boris Yeltsin and some loyal Red Army units.</p><p>21. It was Boris Yeltsin who minally dismantled the Soviet Communist party and pushed the country towards free market reforms..</p><p>22. Sara was the Iranian doll designed to compete with Barbie.</p><p>23. Majid Ghaderi, the director of Iran’s Instituute for the Intellectual Development of children and Young Adults proposed that, “Barbie is like a Trojan Horse. Inside it carries Western cultural influences.</p><p>24. Americanization refers to the homogenizing of global culture.</p><p>25. The spread of U.S. mass culture is often seen as a threat to local or indigenous cultures.</p><p>26. Because of the rise of communication technology, observers have labeled today’s era the age of access.</p><p>27. The new age of global interconnectedness carries the threat for mass media to act as a vehicle for cultural imperialism.</p><p>28. The term wangguan refers to the “ net wall” that China has attempted to construct to keep out the internet.</p><p>29. In the Islamic world 10% of women are in the work force.</p><p>30. The Equal Rights Amendment in the U.S. was never ratified.</p><p>31. The only countries that transformed their legal systems to ensure basic equality for women were communist countries.</p><p>32. China’s population policy limits couples to one child.</p><p>33. One unsuspected consequence of China’s one-child family rule is the mystery of a half-million “ missing” girls every year.</p><p>34. In the 1980’s the illiteracy rate for Indian women stood at 75%.</p><p>35. Dowry deaths are a major problem facing women in India.</p><p>36. The Myanmar leader who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991 is Daw Aung San Suu Kyi</p><p>37.The first female president of Sri Lanka was Chandrika Bandaranaike Kymaratunga.</p><p>38. In 1994 the population of the earth stood at 5.5 billion</p><p>39. In 1998 the population of Asia was twelve times as large as that of North America.</p><p>40. In 1996 the largest urban area in the world, with a total population of around 27 million, was Tokyo </p>