<p> Leader: Landon Practice Exam 3: Unit Course: Biology 212 Supplemental Instruction Instructor: Dr. Vleck Iowa State University Date:</p><p>1. Which of the following is responsible for branching? a. Internodes b. Terminal buds c. Axillary buds d. Lateral meristem</p><p>2. Which characteristic of plants protects the plant from water loss? a. Plasmodesmata b. Epidermis c. Petiole of the leaf d. Cuticle</p><p>3. Where is ground tissue found? a. internal to the vascular tissue b. external to the vascular tissue c. only in leaves d. A and B e. All of the above</p><p>4. Which of these structures is incorrectly matched with its location? a. Vascular cambium—between the vascular tissue and cork cambium b. cork cambium—below epidermis c. apical meristems—root tips d. apical meristems—stem tips</p><p>5. Which of the following does not contribute to phloem flow? a. Pressure flow b. root pressure c. osmotic gradient d. source: adding solute and sink: removing solute</p><p>6. Which of the following cell types are living at maturity? a. Tracheids b. Sclerenchyma c. Vessel elements d. Sieve-Tube Members</p><p>7. Which of the following statements is incorrect about the evaporation-cohesion tension (aka transpiration- cohesion tension) model? a. H bonds form between water molecules</p><p> b. H2O(g) transpires through stomata when guard cells open c. Transpiration causes all water molecules in a xylem vessel to be pulled upward d. Roots have a lower water potential(-0.3 MPa) than the atmosphere (-100.0 MPa)</p><p>8. What would the ΨP be on a cell in an open environment when ΨS =-0.9MPa? a. 0 MPa b. +0.9 MPa c. -0.7MPa Supplemental Instruction 1060 Hixson-Lied Student Success Center  294-6624  www.si.iastate.edu d. -0.9MPa 9. What would the Ψ be for the cell in the previous problem? a. 0 MPa b. -0.16 MPa c. -0.9 MPa d. -0.18 MPa</p><p>10. Which route must water and minerals take to cross the Casparian Strip in the roots? a. Apoplastic b. Symplastic c. Transmembrane d. Any of the above</p><p>11. What force is responsible for guttation? a. Pressure flow b. Osmotic gradient c. Root pressure d. Transpiration-cohesion</p><p>+ - 12. Which type of bacteria convert ammonium (NH4 ) into nitrate (NO3 )? a. Nitrifying Bacteria b. Denitrifying Bacteria c. Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria d. Ammonifying Bacteria</p><p>13. Which is not a plant mutualism? a. Bacterioid nodules containing Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria b. Ectomycorrhizae c. Endomycorrhizae d. Association with denitrifying bacteria</p><p>14. What is the name of the response created by germinating in the dark? a. Triple response b. Shade response c. phototropism d. etiolation</p><p>15. What would the result be if a Short Day plant was exposed to red light, far-red light, and then red light again briefly at the midpoint of a night period exceeding the critical length? a. Phytochrome activatedblossom b. Phytochrome inactivatedblossom c. Phytochrome activated will not blossom d. Phytochrome inactivated will not blossom</p><p>16. Which of the following does not affect seed germination? a. Sun light b. Auxin c. Water d. CO2 e. None of the Above </p><p>17. What is not mediated by phytochromes? a.) Phototropism b.) De-etiolation c.) Seed germination d.) Shade tolerance e.) Flowering Photoperiod</p><p>18. What is not part of the triple response? a.) Stem elongation b.) Stem thickening c.) Stem curvature d.) Ethylene production e.) A and D</p><p>19. Digestion of ingested food occurs primarily in the a.) Mouth b.) Stomach c.) Small Intestines d.) Pancreas e.) Jejunum </p><p>20. Pancreatic amylase a.) Synthesizes proteins b.) Digests carbohydrates c.) Digest Nucleic acids d.) Synthesizes carbohydrates e.) Digests proteins </p><p>21. Countercurrent heat exchange involves a.) The exchange of heat between two animals b.) The exchange of heat from arteries to veins c.) The act of cooling warm arteries from cool veins d.) The exchange of oxygen levels in the gills of fish e.) B and C</p><p>22. The Darwin and Darwin experiment with plants and light proved what? a.) Phototropism is the growth towards light b.) Chemical signals in plants are produced in the shoot tips and travel down c.) Red light stimulates a response d.) Far red light stimulates a response e.) None of the above</p><p>23. After eating a meal, nutrients are absorbed they then a.) Become digested and stored b.) Get stored into adipose tissue c.) Travel to the liver d.) Decrease blood glucose </p><p>24. Parietal cells in the stomach secrete a.) Pepsin b.) Pepsinogen c.) HCl d.) Amylase</p><p>25. Chief cells in the stomach secrete a.) Pepsinogen b.) Pepsin c.) HCl d.) Amylase e.) Bicarbonate</p><p>26. The phytochromes in a plant receiving far red light would be in which form a.) de-etiolation b.) Active form</p><p> c.) Pr d.) Inactive form</p><p> e.) Pfr f.) B and C g.) C and D</p><p>27. Which of the following does not occur in a signal transduction pathway? a. Production of second messengers such as cGMP b. Expression of specific genes c. Activation of protein kinases d. Stimulation of the receptor by a relay molecule e. Phosphorylation of transcription factors </p><p>28. Which hormone is incorrectly paired with its function? a. Auxin—promotes stem growth b. Cytokinins—initiate programmed cell death c. Gibberellins—stimulates seed germination d. Abscisic acid—promotes seed dormancy</p><p>29. The hormone that helps plants respond to drought is a. Auxin b. Gibberellin c. Cytokinin d. Ethylene e. Abscisic acid</p><p>30. The signaling molecule for flowering might be released earlier than normal in a long-day plant exposed to flashes of a. Far-red light during the night b. Red light during the night c. Red light followed by far-red light during the night d. Far-red light during the day e. Red light during the day</p><p>31. If a long-day plant has a critical night length of 9hrs, which 24-hour cycle would prevent flowering? a. 16 hours light/8 hours dark b. 14 hours light/10 hours dark c. 15.5 hours light/8.5 hours dark d. 4 hours light/8 hours dark/4 hours light/8 hours dark e. 8 hours light/8 hours dark/light flash/8 hours dark</p><p>32. Greenhouse poinsettias require at least 14 hours of darkness to flower. If work has to be done in the greenhouse, what light source would not disrupt the flowering schedule? a. Far red light b. Red light c. Blue light d. Far blue light e. None of the above</p><p>33. If a scientist discovers an Arabidopis mutant that does not store starch in plastids but has normal gravitropic bending, what aspect of our understanding of gravitropism would need to be reevaluated? a. The role of Auxin in gravitropism b. The role of calcium in gravitropism c. The role of statoliths in gravitropism d. The role of light in gravitropism e. The role of differential growth in gravitropic bending</p><p>34. What would enhance water uptake by the plant cell? a. Decreased psi of the surrounding solution b. An increase in pressure exerted by the cell wall c. The loss of solutes from the cell d. An increase in psi of the cytoplasm e. Positive pressure on the surrounding solution</p><p>35. Which structure or compartment is not part of the apoplast? a. The lumen of a xylem vessel b. The lumen of a sieve tube c. An extracellular air space d. The cell wall of a root hair</p><p>36. Which of the following is an adaptation that enhances the uptake of water and minerals by roots? a. Cavitation b. Active up take by vessels c. Mycorrhizae d. Pumping through plasmodesmata e. All of the above </p><p>37. Stomata open when guard cells a. Sense an increase in CO2 in the air space of the leaf b. Open because of a decrease in turgor pressure c. Become more turgid because of an addition of K+, followed by the osmotic entry of water d. Close aquaporins, preventing uptake of water e. Accumulate water by active transport</p><p>38. Movement of phloem sap from a source to a sink a. Results mainly from diffusion b. May translocate sugars from the breakdown of stored starch in a root up to developing shoots c. Depends on tension, or negative pressure potential d. Depends on pumping water into sieve tubes at the source</p><p>39. The best epithelium best adapted for a body surface subject to abrasion is a. Simple squamous b. Simple cuboidal c. Simple columner d. Stratified columnar e. Stratified squamous</p><p>40. Which of the following animals uses the highest percent of its energy budget for homeostatic regulation? a. A hydra b. A marine jelly fish c. A snake in a temperate forest d. A desert insect e. A desert bird </p><p>41. Which of the following is incorrectly paired with its function? a. Stomach—protein digestion b. Oral cavity—starch digestion c. Large intestine—bile production d. Small intestine—nutrient absorption e. Pancreas—enzyme production </p><p>42. If you were to jog a mile a few hours after eating lunch, which stored fuel would you probably tap? a. Muscle proteins b. Muscle and liver glycogen c. Fat stored in the liver d. Fat stored in adipose tissue e. Blood proteins</p><p>43. The mutualistic microorganisms that help nourish a ruminant live mainly in specialized regions of the a. Large intestine b. Liver c. Small intestine d. Pharynx e. Stomach </p><p>44. After surgical removal of an infected gallbladder, a person must be especially careful to restrict dietary intake of a. Starch b. Protein c. Fat d. Water e. Sugar</p><p>45. Which of the following enzymes works most effectively at a very low pH? a. Salivary amylase b. Trypsin c. Pancreatic amylase d. Pancreatic lipase e. Pepsin</p><p>46. The mammalian trachea and esophagus connect to the a. Epiglottis b. Stomach c. Pharynx d. Large intestine e. None of the above</p><p>47. Which of the following would have the longest small intestine? a. Lion b. Snake c. Horse d. Shark </p><p>48. Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system would______the digestive system activity and ______skeletal muscle activity. a. Decrease, decrease b. Increase, Increase c. Increase, decrease d. Decrease, Increase</p><p>49. Which animal uses intracellular digestion a. Jelly fish b. Lizard c. Sponge d. Gazelle </p><p>50. Most of the digestion in the human body occurs in the a. Stomach b. Duodenum c. Jejunum d. Ilium e. Larynx ^ </p><p>Figure 41.13 p. 887 Enzymatic hydrolysis in the human digestive system </p><p>Epithelial Tissue Definitions</p><p>Epithelial tissues</p><p>Cuboidal epithelium</p><p>Simple columnar</p><p>Stratified Squamous </p><p>Simple Squamous</p><p>Psuedostratified columnar </p><p>Connective Tissue Definitions</p><p>Connective tissue  Fibroblasts  Macrophages Loose connective tissue</p><p>Fibrous connective tissue</p><p>Cartilage</p><p>Adipose tissue</p><p>Blood</p><p>Bone  Osteoblasts  Osteoclasts  Hydroxyapatite</p><p>Muscle Tissue Definitions </p><p>Skeletal Muscle</p><p>Cardiac Muscle</p><p>Smooth Muscle</p><p>Nervous Tissue Definitions</p><p>Neurons</p><p>Axon</p><p>Dendrites</p><p>What are the four types of heat exchange? 1.</p><p>2.</p><p>3.</p><p>4.</p><p>What is countercurrent heat exchange?</p><p>Thermoregulation Homeotherm-</p><p>Poikilotherm-</p><p>Endotherm- Ectotherm- </p><p>Nutrition ______are organic molecules required in the diet in very small amounts.</p><p>______are inorganic molecule required in the diet in very small amounts.</p><p>Define Undernourishment-</p><p>Malnourishment-</p><p>Essential amino acids-</p><p>Essential fatty acids-</p><p>Digestion The process of forming new bonds by taking water away is called dehydration synthesis. Chemical digestion is the process of breaking bonds by adding water called______. </p><p>Chief cells produce______that can be activated into______by ______feedback</p><p>Parietal cells produce ______</p><p>______is produced in the liver and then stored in the ______to eventually emulsify ______.</p><p>The ______carries nutrient rich blood from the ______of the small intestines to the liver for detoxification of organic molecules</p><p>The large intestines include the ______that leads to the rectum and anus. The cecum is short in carnivores, but very long in herbivore animals. The human ______is a small finger like projection off the cecum that plays a minor disposable role in immunity.</p>