<p> Essentials of Firefighting (4th Edition) Chapter 9-Ground Ladders FF 1 Test Review (Statements)</p><p>. NFPA 1931 provides specifications for ground ladders. . The bottom section of an extension ladder is called the bed. . The side rail of a ladder is called the beam. . Ladder locks on an extension ladder are called pawls. Also known as dogs or locks. . Toggles are found on pole ladders and are used to connect staypoles to the ladder. . Combination ladders are also called A-frame ladders. . Ladder stops can be found on extension ladders to keep sections from overextension. . Safety solvents should be used to remove tar, oil, and greasy residues from ladders. . Pompier ladders are used for climbing floor to floor via exterior windows. . Halyards are used to raise and lower sections of extension ladders. . Single ladders are also called wall ladders. . A soft-bristle brush and water is the most effective for cleaning ground ladders. . Roof ladders range in length from 12 to 24 feet. . The most common length for a folding ladder is 10 feet. . Extension ladders range from 12 to 39 feet. Ladders 40 feet or more are termed Pole ladders. . Roof ladders are designed to lie flat on a roof surface to provide footing for firefighters. . Single ladders can be used for quick access to windows and roofs of 1 to 2 story buildings. . NFPA 1931 requires that all folding ladders be equipped with footpads on the butt of the ladder. . Heat sensor labels, found on the inside of each section's beams, should be checked for color change when inspecting ground ladders. . Metal and fiberglass ladders are generally designed to be used with the "fly out", while wood ladders generally require the "fly in". . Pole ladders, ladders 40 feet or more, are also called Bangor ladders. . Combination ladders are required to have positive locking devices to hold the ladder in the open position. . Combination ladders can be used as a single ladder, an extension ladder, or an A-frame ladder. . Another name for pompier ladder is scaling ladder. . Ladder "maintenance" is "keeping the ladder in a state of usefulness or readiness". . Firefighters should be able to perform routine maintenance of ground ladders. . NFPA 1932 states that ladders should be kept free of moisture, not stored where they are exposed to engine exhaust or heat, and stored out of the elements. . Bubbled varnish on a wood ladder indicates exposure to heat. . Discoloration of fiberglass ladders can be an indicator of heat exposure. . Dark streaks in wood ladders indicates deterioration of the wood. . Fly sections and ladder pawl assemblies of extension ladder should move freely. . NFPA requires staypoles be attached to extension ladders 40 feet or longer. . Extension ladders can have a maximum length as much as 6 inches less than the designated length. . The maximum reach of a 50 foot extension ladder is 48 feet. . Extension ladders are most commonly carried by 2 firefighters using the low-shoulder carry. . The 3 firefighter flat-shoulder carry is most commonly used on extension ladders 35 feet or more. . The firefighter at the butt of a ladder determines the spot for the butt to be placed. . When positioned for ventilation, ladders should be placed in front of the window with the tip above the window opening. . Ground ladders should be kept a minimum of 10 feet away from energized electrical sources. . At least 4 firefighters are needed to bring a victim down a ladder. . Ground ladders should be cleaned after each use. . The forward end of a ladder should be carried slightly lowered. . Roof ladders should placed by carrying it up another ladder with the hooks forward and using the low-shoulder method. . The average distance from floor to floor in a residential building is 8 to 10 feet, while commercial buildings are 12 feet. . For a window rescue, the ladder tip should be placed just below the window sill. . Ladders should extend 5 rungs above the roof edge. . The reach of a 35 foot ladder is about 1 foot less than the ladder's extended length. . Fire department pumpers are required to carry 1 extension ladder of 24 feet or longer, 1 roof ladder of 14 feet or longer, and 1 folding ladder of 10 feet or longer. . The firefighter at the rear gives commands when lifting a ladder. . The optimum climbing angle for ground ladders is approximately 75 degrees. . Roof ladder hooks should be opened before ascending the climbing ladder unless 1 firefighter is carrying the ladder to the climbing ladder. . When using a ladder to project a hose stream into a window, the ladder should be placed in front of the window with the tip on the wall above the window. . When using a ladder to ventilate from, it should be placed to the windward side of the window with the tip even with the top of the window. . Firefighters should face the butt when carrying ladders (except roof ladders-face tip). . The proper distance from a building for heel placement of a ladder can be determined by dividing the ladders "used" length by 4. . Pole ladder should be placed flat on the ground prior to raising them. . A ladder belt is considered a Class I safety harness. . Ladders should be pivoted for repositioning prior to extending it. . Firefighters heeling ladders should wear head and eye protection. . A rope hose tool can be used to "tie in" and secure a ladder. . Wet wood, wet fiberglass, and metal ground ladders present an electrocution hazard when raised near electrical wires or equipment. . Correct climbing technique includes: eyes forward, arms straight, and body away from ladder.</p>