The Use of the Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire in Oncology

The use of the Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire in oncology research: A systematic review Steve Amireault1,2, Gaston Godin3, Jason Lacombe1, & Catherine M. Sabiston11Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;2Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada;3Faculty of Nursing, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada.Correspondence should be sent to Steve Amireault, University of Toronto, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, 55 Harbord Street, Warren Stevens Building, office 227, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 2W6. E-mail: [email protected].1 Additional File 2: Characteristics of the Sample for Cancer Survivors Published Article that Used the Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical ActivityAuthor Baseline Study design GSLTP LTPA outcomes Specific General Variables (year) sample AQ measurement measurement linked with characteristics item purpose purpose LTPA1 content SMH Alibhai, N = 35- Canada Pre-experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of Relative Age S O'Neill, K period: Not specified- baseline ranking Fisher- Mean age: 56.4 Not Assessment of moderate equivalence of the Schlombs, H specified and strenuous LTPA age groups Breunis, JM 54.3% ♀ Brandwein, N Asking Measurement unit: Timilshina, 57.1% beyond for: METs-hour/week GA high school Frequenc Tomlinson, education y and HD Klepin duration and SN Type of cancer: Culos-Reed Leukemia [1] SMH Alibhai, N = 38- Canada Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of Relative Experimental S O'Neill, K period: Frequency × duration intervention ranking conditions Fisher- Mean age: 56.1 Typical moderate + frequency × adherence Schlombs, H week duration of strenuous Classification Breunis, N 55.3% ♀ Assessment of Timilshina, Asking Measurement unit: baseline JM 73.7% beyond for: Minutes/week equivalence of the Brandwein, high school Frequenc treatment and MD Minden, education y and Scoring algorithm: comparison groups GA duration Meeting PA Tomlinson Type of cancer: recommendations: and SN Leukemia Active: ≥ 150 minutes of Culos-Reed MVPA; [2] Insufficiently active: < 150 minutes of MVPA.Measurement unit:2 Proportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individualsMA N = 257- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identifying Relative Cancer- Andrykowski, longitudinal period: Frequency × duration of correlates of ranking related/medical AO Beacham Mean age: 55.2 Baseline- mild/15 × 3 + frequency LTPA variables and PB Last 6 × duration of Classification Jacobsen [3] 100% ♀ months moderate/15 × 5 + Assessment of Intensity of prior to frequency × duration of LTPA patterns cancer treatment 71.5% beyond cancer strenuous/15 × 9 during cancer high school diagnosis experience Time education ; Frequency × duration of mild + frequency × Assessment of Type of cancer: Other duration of moderate + baseline Breast measure frequency × duration of equivalence of the ment strenuous treatment and waves- comparison groups Last 7 Meeting PA days recommendations: Active: ≥ 150 minutes of Asking MVPA/week; for: insufficiently active: ≤ Frequenc 150 minutes of y and MVPA/week; sedentary: duration not reporting any frequency of mild, moderate and strenuous LTPA (score = 0).Measurement unit: METs/weekMinutes/weekProportion (%) of active, insufficiently active and sedentary individuals H Badr, J N = 170- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative Body mass index Chandra, RJ transversal period: Frequency of moderate × association ranking3 Paxton, JL Mean age: 18 Not 5 × 4 + frequency of between PA and Cancer worry Ater, D specified strenuous × 9 × 4 health-related Urbauer, CS 48% ♀ outcomes Quality of life Cruz and W Asking Measurement unit: Demark- 73% had at least for: Minutes/week Identify correlates Clinical/medical Wahnefried some college Frequenc of PA variables [4] education y Investigate Socio- Type of cancer: exercise demographic Leukemia, programming and variables lymphoma, counselling sarcoma, CNS preferences Exercise cancer programming and exercise counselling preferences H Badr, RJ N = 35- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative Types of Paxton, JL longitudinal period: Frequency × duration of difference in ranking participants Ater, D Mean age: 18 Last 7 moderate + frequency × MVPA between (child vs. their Urbauer and days duration of strenuous child cancer parents) W Demark- 48% ♀ survivors and their Wahnefried Asking Measurement unit: parents [5] Type of cancer: for: Minutes/week Leukemia, Frequenc lymphoma, y and sarcoma, CNS duration cancer MK Baldwin N = 64- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative Physical and KS transversal period: Frequency of mild × 3 + association ranking competence Courneya [6] Mean age: 51 Typical frequency of moderate × between PA and week 5 + frequency of health-related Physical 100% ♀ strenuous × 9 outcomes acceptance Asking 64% beyond for: Measurement unit: Self-esteem college/university Frequenc LSI (arbitrary units) education y Type of cancer: Breast LJ Bélanger, N = 588- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Assess PA Classification Clinical/medical4 RC transversal period: Meeting PA prevalence variables Plotnikoff, A Mean age: 38.2 Not recommendations*: Clark and KS specified Above guidelines: ≥ 300 Examine the Depression Courneya [7] 70.4% ♀ minutes of MVPA; association Asking Within guidelines: 150- between PA and Quality of life 61.9% beyond for: 300 minutes of MVPA; health-related high school Frequenc Insufficiently active: outcomes Stress education y and Some but < 150 minutes duration of MVPA; Type of cancer: Completely sedentary: No Breast, thyroid, moderate-to-strenuous lymphoma LTPA (score = 0)*Minutes of strenuous LTPA were multiplied by 2Measurement unit: Proportion (%) of individuals within each PA categories: Above guidelines, within guidelines, insufficiently active, and completely sedentary. LJ Bélanger, N = 588- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Classification Cancer- RC transversal period: Meeting PA of LTPA related/medical Plotnikoff, Mean age: 38.2 Not recommendations: AM Clark and specified Above guidelines: ≥ 300 Socio- KS Courneya 70.4% ♀ minutes of MVPA; demographic [8] Asking Within guidelines: 150- variables 61.9% beyond for: 300 minutes of MVPA; high school Frequenc Insufficiently active: Theory of education y and Some but < 150 minutes planned behavior duration of MVPA; constructs Type of cancer: Completely sedentary: No Breast, moderate/strenuous lymphoma, LTPA (score = 0) thyroid. Measurement unit: 5 Proportion (%) of individuals within each PA categories: above guidelines, within guidelines, insufficiently active, and completely sedentary. LJ Belanger, N = 212- Canada Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of Relative Experimental WK period: Frequency × duration of baseline ranking conditions Mummery, Median age: 35 Past moderate + frequency × equivalence of the AM Clark and month duration of strenuous × 2 treatment and Classification KS Courneya 60.8% ♀ comparison groups [9] Asking Frequency × duration of 67.5% completed for: moderate Outcome of a PA university/college Frequenc intervention y and Frequency × duration of Type of cancer: duration strenuous Breast, lymphoma, Measurement unit: thyroid, testicular Minutes/weekScoring algorithm: Meeting PA recommendations: Active: ≥ 150 minutes of MVPA or ≥ 75 minutes of vigorous PA; Insufficiently active: < 150 minutes of MVPA and < 75 minutes of vigorous PAMeasurement unit: Proportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals L Bellury, L N = 184- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative Physical Ellington, SL transversal period: Frequency of mild × 3 + association ranking functioning Beck, MA Mean age: 77 Not frequency of moderate × between PA and Pett, J Clark specified 5 + frequency of health-related 6 and K Stein 100% ♀ strenuous × 9 outcomes [10] Asking 41% beyond high for: Measurement unit: school education Frequenc LSI (arbitrary units) y Type of cancer: Breast CM N = 129- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Theory of Blanchard, transversal period: Frequency of mild + of LTPA ranking planned behavior KS Courneya, Mean age: 64 Last frequency of moderate + constructs WM Rodgers week frequency of strenuous and DM 64% ♀ Murnaghan Asking Measurement unit: [11] 50% beyond high for: Number of ≥ 15 minutes school education Frequenc LTPA cessions y (frequency)/week Type of cancer: Breast and prostate CM N = 9105- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Assess the Classification Quality of life Blanchard, transversal period: Meeting PA prevalence of PA KS Courneya Mean age: 67.4 Last 3 recommendations: and K Stein months Active: ≥ 150 minutes of Examine the [12] 55% ♀ MVPA or ≥ 60 minutes association Asking of vigorous PA; between PA and 31% completed for: Insufficiently active: < health-related college/graduate Frequenc 150 minutes of MVPA outcomes education y and and < 60 minutes of duration vigorous PA Type of cancer: Breast, colorectal, Measurement unit: bladder, skin Proportion (%) of active melanoma, and insufficiently active uterine individuals CM N = 3241- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative Quality of life Blanchard, K transversal period: Meeting PA association ranking Stein and KS Mean age: 67.4 Last 3 recommendations: between PA and Courneya [13] months Active: ≥ 150 minutes of health-related 55% ♀ MVPA or ≥ 60 minutes outcomes Asking of vigorous PA; 7 Type of cancer: for: Insufficiently active: < Identify correlates Breast, colorectal, Frequenc 150 minutes of MVPA of PA Body mass index bladder, skin y and and < 60 minutes of melanoma, duration vigorous PA uterine Measurement unit: Proportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals JM Blaney, A N = 454- Ireland Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Describe study Relative N/A Lowe-Strong, transversal period: Frequency of mild; sample in terms of ranking J Rankin- Median age: 61 Not frequency of moderate; LTPA Watt, A specified frequency of strenuous. Campbell and 76% ♀ JH Gracey Asking Measurement unit: [14] Type of cancer: for: Number of ≥ 15 minutes Breast, prostate, Frequenc LTPA cessions throat y (frequency)/week K Bolam, B N = 69- Australia Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Describe study Relative N/A Beck, K transversal period: Frequency × duration of sample in terms of ranking Adlard, T Mean age: 71 Not mild + frequency × LTPA Skinner, P specified duration of moderate + Cormie, D 0% ♀ frequency × duration of Galvão, N Asking strenuous Spry, R Type of cancer: for: Newton and Prostate Frequenc Frequency × duration of D Taaffe [15] y and moderate + frequency × duration duration of strenuousMeasurement unit: Minutes/weekL Bourke, H N = 50- UK Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of Relative Experimental Doll, H period: Frequency of mild × 3 + baseline ranking conditions Crank, A Median age: 72 Not frequency of moderate × equivalence of the Daley, D specified 5 + frequency of treatment and Rosario and 0% ♀ strenuous × 9 comparison groups JM Saxton Asking [16] Type of cancer: for: Measurement unit: Outcome of a PA Prostate Frequenc LSI (arbitrary units) intervention8 y L Bourke, G N = 18- UK Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Outcome of a PA Relative Experimental Thompson, period: Frequency of mild × 3 + intervention ranking conditions DJ Gibson, A Median age: 69 Not frequency of moderate × Daley, H specified 5 + frequency of Crank, I 33% ♀ strenuous × 9 Adam, A Asking Shorthouse Type of cancer: for: Measurement unit: and J Saxton Colon Frequenc LSI (arbitrary units) [17] y L Bourke, S N = 100- UK Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of Relative Experimental Gilbert, R period: Frequency of mild × 3 + baseline ranking conditions Hooper, LA Mean age: 71 Not frequency of moderate × equivalence of the Steed, M specified 5 + frequency of treatment and Joshi, JWF 0% ♀ strenuous × 9 comparison groups Catto, JM Asking Saxton and Type of cancer: for: Measurement unit: Outcome of a PA DJ Rosario Prostate Frequenc LSI (arbitrary units) intervention [18] y JM Broderick, N = 43- Ireland Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Outcome of a PA Relative Experimental E Guinan, MJ period: Frequency of mild × 3 + intervention ranking conditions Kennedy, D Mean age: 51 Typical frequency of moderate × Hollywood, week 5 + frequency of KS Courneya, 86% ♀ strenuous × 9 SN Culos- Asking Reed, K Type of cancer: for: Measurement unit: Bennett, OD Breast, colon, Frequenc LSI (arbitrary units) DM and J lymphoma, y Hussey [19] oesophageal. J Brunet and N = 169- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Self- CM Sabiston transversal period: Frequency × duration of of PA ranking presentational [20] Mean age: 55 Not mild × 3 + frequency × efficacy specified duration of moderate × 5 expectancy 100% ♀ + frequency × duration of Asking strenuous × 9 Self-presentation 73.4% completed for: outcome college/university Frequenc Measurement unit: expectation and y and METs × minutes/week value Type of cancer: duration Breast9 J Brunet, S N = 199- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Cancer worry Amireault, M longitudinal period: Frequency × duration of of PA ranking Chaiton and Mean age: 55 Typical moderate + frequency × Depressive CM Sabiston week duration of strenuous Assessment of PA symptoms [21] 100% ♀ change/patterns Asking Measurement unit: over time Fatigue 50.7% completed for: Minutes/week college/university Frequenc Cancer- y and related/medical Type of cancer: duration Breast Physical symptomsSocio- demographic variablesJ Brunet, C N = 64- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Social Love, R transversal period: Frequency × duration of of PA ranking involvement Ramphal and Mean age: 29 Last mild + frequency × CM Sabiston week duration of moderate + Social support [22] 73% ♀ frequency × duration of Asking strenuous Stress 57.8% completed for: college/university Frequenc Measurement unit: y and Minutes/week Type of cancer: duration Carcinoma, leukemia, lymphoma J Brunet, CM N = 128- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Cancer- Sabiston and longitudinal period: Frequency × duration of of PA ranking related/medical P Gaudreau Mean age: 55 Typical moderate × 5 + frequency [23] week × duration of strenuous × Assessment of PA Self-presentation 100% ♀ 9 change/patterns processes Asking over time 57.8% completed for: Measurement unit: college/university Frequenc METs/week y and Type of cancer: duration10 Breast AJ Burton, N = 820- UK Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative PSA RM Martin, longitudinal period: Frequency of mild × 3 + association ranking JL Donovan, Mean age: 62.5 Not frequency of moderate × between PA and JA Lane, M specified 5 + frequency of health-related Davis, FC 0% ♀ strenuous × 9 outcomes Hamdy, DE Asking Neal and K Type of cancer: for: Measurement unit: Tilling [24] Prostate Frequenc LSI (arbitrary units) y S Casla, P N = 50- Spain Pre-experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative Depressive Hojman, R period: Frequency of mild × 3 + association ranking symptoms Cubedo, I Mean age: 49 Not frequency of moderate × between PA and Calvo, J specified 5 + frequency of health-related Quality of life Sampedro and 100% ♀ strenuous × 9 outcomes R Barakat Asking [25] Type of cancer: for: Measurement unit: Outcome of a PA Breast Frequenc LSI (arbitrary units) intervention y MM Clark, N = 128- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative Affect/mood KS Vickers, transversal period: Frequency of mild; association ranking JC Hathaway, Mean age: 60 Typical frequency of moderate; between PA and Socio- M Smith, SA week frequency of strenuous; health-related demographic Looker, LR 58% ♀ outcomes variables Petersen, BM Asking Measurement unit: Pinto, TA Type of cancer: for: Number of ≥ 15 minutes Identify correlates Social cognitive Rummans and Breast, digestive, Frequenc LTPA cessions PA theory constructs CL Loprinzi lung, gynecologic y (frequency)/week [26] Well-beingME Cooley, N = 37- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Assess the Classification % of family KT Finn, Q transversal period: Meeting PA prevalence of PA members Wang, K Median age: 59 Not recommendations: meeting PA Roper, S specified Active; ≥ 150 minutes of Identify correlates guidelines Morones, L 46% ♀ MVPA or ≥ 60 minutes of PA Shi, D Asking of vigorous PA; Motivational Litrownik, JP 51% completed for: Insufficiently active: < readiness Marcoux, K college/graduate Frequenc 150 minutes of MVPA (Transtheoretical Zaner and LL education y [and and < 60 minutes of model construct) Hayman [27] likely for vigorous PA11 Type of cancer: duration; Lung although, Measurement unit: not Proportion (%) of active specified and insufficiently active ] individuals P Cormie, RU N = 20- Australia Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Outcome of a PA Relative Experimental Newton, N period: Frequency of mild × 3 + intervention ranking conditions Spry, D Median age: 73 Not frequency of moderate × Joseph, DR specified 5 + frequency of Taaffe and 0% ♀ strenuous × 9 DA Galvao Asking [28] 20% completed for: Measurement unit: college/graduate Frequenc LSI (arbitrary units) education yType of cancer: Prostate P Cormie, N N = 1- Australia Case-study Recall Scoring algorithm: Outcome of a PA Relative Experimental Spry, K Jasas, period: Frequency of mild × 3 + intervention ranking conditions/time M Johansson, Age: 49 Not frequency of moderate × IF Yusoff, RU specified 5 + frequency of Newton and 0% ♀ strenuous × 9 DA Galvão Asking [29] Type of cancer: for: Measurement unit: Pancreas Frequenc LSI (arbitrary units) y EJ Coups, BJ N = 175- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of PA Relative Quality of life Park, MB retrospective period: Frequency × duration of patterns during ranking Feinstein, RM Median age: 70 Last mild + frequency × cancer experience Steingart, BL week- at duration of moderate + Classification Egleston, DJ 63.4% ♀ 3 time frequency × duration of Examine the Wilson and JS points: strenuous association Ostroff [30] ≥ 50% completed between PA and college/graduate a) During Measurement unit: health-related education the 6 Minutes/week outcomes months Type of cancer: before Scoring algorithm: Lung diagnosti Meeting PA c; recommendations: Active: ≥ 150 minutes of 12 b) MVPA or ≥ 60 minutes During of vigorous PA; the 6 Insufficiently active: < months 150 minutes of MVPA following and < 60 minutes of treatment vigorous PA; Sedentary: no mild, moderate and c) strenuous PA Current time Measurement unit: Proportion (%) of active, Asking insufficiently active, and for: sedentary individuals Frequenc y and durationEJ Coups, BJ N = 175- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Social cognitive Park, MB transversal period: Frequency × duration of of PA ranking theory constructs Feinstein, RM Mean age: 68.7 Last moderate + frequency × Steingart, BL week duration of strenuous Egleston, DJ 63.4% ♀ Wilson and JS Asking Measurement unit: Ostroff [31] ≥ 50% completed for: Minutes/week college/graduate Frequenc education y and duration Type of cancer: Lung KS Courneya, N = 24- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Theory of CM longitudinal period: Frequency of mild × 3 + of PA ranking planned behavior Blanchard and Mean age: 51.1 Last frequency of moderate × constructs DM Laing month 5 + frequency of [32] 100% ♀ strenuous × 9 Asking 44% completed for: Measurement unit: graduate Frequenc LSI (arbitrary units) education y Type of cancer:13 BreastKS Courneya N = 111- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Cancer- and CM retrospective period: Frequency of mild × 3 + of PA ranking related/medical Friedenreich Mean age: 61 Typical frequency of moderate × variables [33] week- 5 + frequency of 37% ♀ Recall strenuous × 9 Socio- LTPA demographic 34% completed during Measurement unit: variables college or treatment LSI (arbitrary units) undergraduate for Theory of education cancer planned behaviour Type of cancer: Asking constructs Colorectal for: Frequenc y KS Courneya N = 167- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative Quality of life and CM retrospective period: Frequency of mild × 3 + association ranking Friedenreich Mean age: 53.1 Typical frequency of moderate × between PA Satisfaction [34] week- 5 + frequency of patterns and Classification with life 100% ♀ strenuous × 9 health-related a) During outcomes 34.2% completed the Measurement unit: college or month LSI (arbitrary units) undergraduate prior education cancer Scoring algorithm: diagnosis Meeting PA Type of cancer: recommendations: Breast b) Active: ≥ 1 bout of During moderate and strenuous treatment LTPA; Insufficiently active: 0 bout of c) After moderate and strenuous treatment LTPAAsking Measurement unit: for: Proportion (%) of active, Frequenc inactive, maintainers, y temporary relapsers, 14 permanent relapsers and nonexercisers KS Courneya N = 130- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of PA Relative Quality of life and CM retrospective period: Frequency of mild × 3 + patterns during ranking Friedenreich Mean age: 40.9 Typical frequency of moderate × cancer experience Time [35] week- 5 + frequency of Classification 46% ♀ strenuous × 9 Examine the a) During association 30.0% completed the Meeting PA between PA college or month recommendations: patterns and undergraduate prior Active: ≥ 16 LSI; health-related education cancer Insufficiently active: < 16 outcomes diagnosis LSI Type of cancer: ; Colorectal Measurement unit: b) LSI (arbitrary units) During treatment Proportion (%) of ; maintainers, temporary relapsers, permanent c) After relapsers and treatment nonexercisers Asking for: Frequenc y KS Courneya N = 164- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Theory of and CM retrospective period: Frequency of mild × 3 + of PA ranking planned Friedenreich Mean age: 53 Typical frequency of moderate × behaviour [36] week- 5 + frequency of constructs 100% ♀ during strenuous × 9 cancer 34% completed treatment Measurement unit: graduate LSI (arbitrary units) education Asking for: Type of cancer: Frequenc Breast y KS Courneya, N = 53- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative Quality of life15 CM retrospective period: Frequency of mild; association ranking Friedenreich, Mean age: 51.6 Typical frequency of moderate; between PA and K Arthur and week in: frequency of strenuous. health-related TM Bobick 40% ♀ outcomes [37] a) The Measurement unit: Type of cancer: month Number of ≥ 15 minutes Colorectal prior to LTPA cessions cancer (frequency)/week diagnosis b) At posttreatment (during the past month)Asking for: Frequenc y KS Courneya, N = 66- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Theory of CM longitudinal period: Frequency of mild × 3 + of PA ranking planned behavior Friedenreich, Mean age: 40.9 Typical frequency of moderate × constructs K Arthur and week 5 + frequency of TM Bobick 84.4% ♀ strenuous × 9 [38] Asking 31.8% completed for: Measurement unit: college or Frequenc LSI (arbitrary units) undergraduate y educationType of cancer: Colorectal KS Courneya, N = 93- Canada Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of Relative Experimental CM period: Frequency × duration baseline ranking conditions Friedenreich, Mean age: 60.3 a) Last moderate + frequency × equivalence of the HA Quinney, month duration of strenuous treatment and Classification ALA Fields, 41.9% ♀ b) Last comparison groups LW Jones and week Meeting PA 16 AS Fairey 39% completed recommendations: Assess [39] undergraduate Asking Active: ≥ 150 minutes of contamination rate education for: MVPA or ≥ 60 minutes between Frequenc of strenuous PA; conditions Type of cancer: y and Insufficiently active: < Colorectal duration 150 minutes of MVPA and < 60 minutes of strenuous PA Measurement unit: Minutes/week Proportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals KS Courneya, N = 93- Canada Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative N/A CM period: Frequency × duration of adherence and ranking Friedenreich, Mean age: 60.3 a) Last moderate + frequency × contamination in HA Quinney, month duration of strenuous RCT Classification ALA Fields, 41.9% ♀ b) Last LW Jones and week Meeting PA Assess AS Fairey 36% completed recommendations: contamination rate [40] undergraduate Asking Active: ≥ 150 minutes of between education for: MVPA or ≥ 60 minutes conditions Frequenc of strenuous PA; Type of cancer: y and Insufficiently active: < Assess fidelity to Colorectal duration 150 minutes of MVPA PA supervised and < 60 minutes of intervention strenuous PA Measurement unit: Minutes/week Proportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals KS Courneya, N = 69- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Classification Exercise barriers CM longitudinal period: Meeting PA of PA Friedenreich, Mean age: 59.9 Last recommendations:17 HA Quinney, week Active: ≥ 30 minutes of ALA Fields, 43.5% ♀ MVPA at least 3 LW Jones, Asking times/week; JKH Vallance 34.8% completed for: Insufficiently active: < 30 and AS Fairey undergraduate Frequenc minutes of MVPA at least [41] education y and 3 times/week duration Type of cancer: Measurement unit: Colorectal Proportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals KS Courneya, N = 242- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Classification Clinical/medical CM Longitudinal period: Meeting PA of PA variables Friedenreich, Mean age: 49 Last 6 recommendations: RD Reid, K months Active: ≥ 150 minutes of Socio- Gelmon, JR 100% ♀ MVPA or ≥ 60 minutes demographic Mackey, AB Asking of strenuous PA; variables Ladha, C 23% completed for: Insufficiently active: < Proulx, JK graduate Frequenc 150 minutes of MVPA Theory of Vallance and education y and and < 60 minutes of planned RJ Segal [42] duration strenuous PA behaviour Type of cancer: constructs Breast Measurement unit: Proportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals KS Courneya, N = 96- Canada Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of Relative Cancer- CM period: Frequency × duration baseline ranking related/medical Friedenreich, Mean age: 51.6 Typical moderate + frequency × equivalence of the variables RA Sela, HA week duration of strenuous treatment and Classification Quinney and 84.4% ♀ comparison groups Experimental RE Rhodes Asking Minimum prescription for conditions [43] 57.8% completed for: PA: Active: ≥ 3 Identify correlates undergraduate Frequenc times/week for at least 20 of adherence and Socio- education y and minutes; Insufficiently contamination in demographic duration active: < 3 times/week for RCT variables Type of cancer: at least 20 minutes Breast and others Theory of Optimum prescription for planned behavior PA: Active: ≥ 5 constructs18 times/week for at least 150 minutes; Insufficiently active: < 5 times/week for at least 150 minutesMeasurement unit: Number of ≥ 15 minutes LTPA cessions (frequency)/week Proportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals KS Courneya, N = 108- Canada Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of Relative N/A CM period: Frequency × duration of baseline ranking Friedenreich, Mean age: 51.6 Last mild + frequency × equivalence of the RA Sela, HA month duration of moderate + treatment and Classification Quinney, RE 84.4% ♀ and Last frequency × duration of comparison groups Rhodes and week strenuous M Handman 58.7% completed Assess fidelity to [44] graduate Asking Frequency × duration of PA supervised education for: moderate + frequency × intervention Frequenc duration of strenuous Type of cancer: y and Breast, colon, duration Frequency × duration of ovarian, stomach, mild; moderate; and melanoma strenuousMeeting PA recommendations: Active: ≥ 60 minutes of MVPA; Insufficiently active: < 60 minutes of MVPA Measurement unit: Minutes/week19 Proportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individualsKS Courneya, N = 30- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Attribution CM longitudinal period: Frequency × duration of PA ranking theory constructs Friedenreich, Mean age: 52.8 Last 5 moderate + frequency × RA Sela, HA weeks duration of strenuous Quinney, RE 80% ♀ Rhodes and Asking Frequency of moderate + LW Jones 55% completed for: frequency of strenuous [45] undergraduate Frequenc education y and Measurement unit: duration Minutes/week Type of cancer: Number of ≥ 15 minutes Breast, and other LTPA cessions types of cancers (frequency)/week KS Courneya, N = 55- Canada Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of Classification Experimental LW Jones, CJ period: Not specified baseline conditions Peddle, CM Mean age: 56 Not equivalence of the Sellar, T specified Measurement unit: treatment and Reiman, AA 84.4% ♀ Proportion (%) of active comparison groups Joy, N Chua, Asking and insufficiently active L Tkachuk 52.7% completed for: individuals and JR graduate Frequenc Mackey [46] education y [and likely for Type of cancer: duration; Breast although, not specified ]KS Courneya, N = 386- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Assess the Relative Quality of life KH Karvinen, retrospective period: Frequency × duration of prevalence of PA ranking KL Campbell, Mean age: 64.5 Typical mild + frequency × Body mass index RG Pearcey, week- duration of moderate + Examine the Classification G Dundas, V 100% ♀ frequency × duration of association Capstick and a) Before strenuous between PA and KS Tonkin 25.4% completed diagnosis health-related 20 [47] graduate ; Frequency × duration of outcomes education moderate + frequency × b) duration of strenuous Type of cancer: During Endometrial treatment Frequency × duration of ; mild; moderate; and strenuous c) In the last Meeting PA month recommendations: Active: ≥ 150 minutes of Asking MVPA or ≥ 60 minutes for: of strenuous PA; Frequenc Insufficiently active: < y and 150 minutes of MVPA duration and < 60 minutes of strenuous PA Measurement unit: Minutes/weekProportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individualsKS Courneya, N = 25- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of PA Relative Time MR Keats and retrospective period: Frequency of mild, patterns during ranking AR Turner Mean age: 47.2 Typical moderate and strenuous cancer experience [48] week- 52% ♀ Measurement unit: a) Before Number of LTPA bouts 36% completed diagnosis (frequency)/week graduate education b) After diagnosis Type of cancer: Breast, Hodgkin’s Asking and non- for: Hodgkin’s Frequenc lymphoma, y 21 multiple myeloma, others KS Courneya, N = 37- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Theory of MR Keats and longitudinal period: Frequency of mild × 3 + of PA ranking planned AR Turner Mean age: 40.9 Typical frequency of moderate × behaviour [49] week- 5 + frequency of constructs 84.4% ♀ strenuous × 9 During 31.8% completed the Measurement unit: LSI college or month (arbitrary units) undergraduate prior education cancer diagnosis Type of cancer: and Breast, Hodgkin during and non-Hodgkin treatment lymphoma and other cancers Asking for: Frequenc y KS Courneya, N = 122- Canada Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of Classification Experimental JR Mackey, period: Meeting PA baseline conditions GJ Bell, LW Mean age: 53.2 Not recommendations: equivalence of the Jones, CJ specified Active: ≥ 150 minutes of treatment and Field and AS 41% ♀ MVPA; comparison groups Fairey [50] Asking Insufficiently active: < 51.6% completed for: 150 minutes of MVPA Served as a control undergraduate Frequenc variable in the education y and Measurement unit: analyses duration Proportion (%) of active Type of cancer: and insufficiently active Hodgkin’s and individuals non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma KS Courneya, N = 242- Canada Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of Classification Experimental DC period: Meeting PA baseline conditions McKenzie, Mean age: 49 Not recommendations: equivalence of the RD Reid, JR specified Active: ≥ 150 minutes of treatment and PA barriers22 Mackey, K 100% ♀ MVPA or ≥ 60 minutes comparison groups Gelmon, CM Asking of strenuous PA; Friedenreich, Type of cancer: for: Insufficiently active: < Identify correlates AB Ladha, C Breast Frequenc 150 minutes of MVPA of PA Proulx, K y and and < 60 minutes of Lane, JK duration strenuous PA Vallance, et al. [51] Measurement unit: Proportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals KS Courneya, N = 242- Canada Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Determine Classification Satisfaction with RD Reid, CM period: Meeting PA exercise type, exercise protocol Friedenreich, Mean age: 49 Not recommendations: counselling K Gelmon, C specified Active: ≥ 150 minutes of modalities Proulx, JK 100% ♀ MVPA or ≥ 60 minutes preferences Vallance, DC Asking of strenuous PA; McKenzie Type of cancer: for: Insufficiently active: < and RJ Segal Breast Frequenc 150 minutes of MVPA [52] y and and < 60 minutes of duration strenuous PA Measurement unit: Proportion (%) of active and Insufficiently active individuals KS Courneya, N = 242- Canada Truly experimental- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Classification Depression RJ Segal, K 6-month following period: Meeting PA association Gelmon, RD Mean age: 49 the end of a RCT Last 6 recommendations: between PA Fatigue Reid, JR months Active: ≥ 150 minutes of patterns and Mackey, CM 100% ♀ MVPA or ≥ 60 minutes health-related Quality of life Friedenreich, Asking of strenuous PA; outcomes C Proulx, K Type of cancer: for: Insufficiently active: < Self-esteem Lane, AB Breast Frequenc 150 minutes of MVPA Ladha, JK y and and < 60 minutes of Vallance, et duration strenuous PA al. [53] Measurement unit: Proportion (%) of active and insufficiently active 23 individuals KS Courneya, N = 242- Canada Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Classification Theory of RJ Segal, K period: Meeting PA of PA planned Gelmon, RD Mean age: 49 Not recommendation: behaviour Reid, JR specified Active: ≥ 150 minutes of constructs Mackey, CM 100% ♀ MVPA or ≥ 60 minutes Friedenreich, Asking of strenuous PA; C Proulx, K Type of cancer: for: Insufficiently active: < Lane, AB Breast Frequenc 150 minutes of MVPA Ladha, JK y and and < 60 minutes of Vallance, et duration strenuous PA al. [54] Measurement unit: Proportion (%) of Active and Insufficiently active Individuals KS Courneya, N = 242- Canada Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of Classification Experimental RJ Segal, JR period: Meeting PA baseline conditions Mackey, K Mean age: 49 Not recommendations: equivalence of the Gelmon, RD specified Active: ≥ 150 minutes of treatment and Reid, CM 100% ♀ MVPA or ≥ 60 minutes comparison groups Friedenreich, Asking of strenuous PA; AB Ladha, C Type of cancer: for: Insufficiently active: < Assess fidelity to Proulx, JKH Breast Frequenc 150 minutes of MVPA PA supervised Vallance, K y and and < 60 minutes of intervention Lane, et al. duration strenuous PA [55] Measurement unit: Proportion (%) of Active and Insufficiently active individuals KS Courneya, N = 155- Canada Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of Relative Experimental RJ Segal, RD period: Frequency of mild; baseline ranking conditions Reid, LW Mean age: 68 Typical frequency of moderate; equivalence of the Jones, SC week the frequency of strenuous. treatment and Classification Malone, PM 0% ♀ month comparison groups Venner, MB before Meeting PA Parliament, Type of cancer: cancer recommendations: CG Scott, HA Prostate diagnosis Active: ≥ 3 times/week Quinney and Insufficiently active: < 24 GA Wells Asking 3times/week [56] for: Frequenc Measurement unit: y Number of ≥ 15 minutes LTPA cessions (frequency)/week Proportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals KS Courneya, N = 53- Canada Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of Relative Experimental CM Sellar, C period: Frequency × duration baseline ranking conditions Stevinson, Mean age: 59 Not moderate + frequency × equivalence of the ML McNeely, specified duration of strenuous treatment and Classification CJ Peddle, 100% ♀ comparison groups CM Asking Frequency × duration Friedenreich, 44% completed for: moderate Assess fidelity to K Tankel, S undergraduate Frequenc PA supervised Basi, N Chua, education y and Frequency × duration intervention A Mazurek, et duration strenuous al. [57] Type of cancer: Breast Meeting PA recommendations: Active: ≥ 90 minutes of MVPA; Insufficiently active: < 90 minutes of MVPA Measurement unit: Minutes/weekProportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individualsKS Courneya, N = 122- Canada Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of Classification Experimental CM Sellar, L period: Meeting PA baseline conditions Trinh, CC Mean age: 53.2 Not recommendations: equivalence of the Forbes, C specified Active: ≥ 150 minutes of treatment and Stevinson, 41% ♀ MVPA; 25 ML McNeely, Asking Insufficiently active: < comparison groups CJ Peddle- 51.6% completed for: 150 minutes of MVPA McIntyre, CM undergraduate Frequenc Friedenreich education y and Measurement unit: Served as a control and T Reiman duration Proportion (%) of active variable in the [58] Type of cancer: and insufficiently active analyses Hodgkin’s and individuals non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma KS Courneya, N = 122- Canada Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative Theory of C Stevinson, period: Frequency × duration association ranking planned ML McNeely, Mean age: 53 Last moderate + frequency × between PA and behaviour CM Sellar, month duration of strenuous health-related Classification constructs CM 41% ♀ outcomes Friedenreich, Asking Meeting PA CJ Peddle- Type of cancer: for: recommendations: Identify correlates Mcintyre, N Hodgkin and non- Frequenc Active: ≥ 150 minutes of of PA (mediators Chua and T Hodgkin y and MVPA or ≥ 75 minutes of the Reiman [59] lymphoma duration of strenuous PA; intervention) Insufficiently active: < 150 minutes of MVPA and < 75 minutes of strenuous PA Measurement unit: Minutes/weekProportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals KS Courneya, N = 122- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Classification Cancer- C Stevinson, Longitudinal period: Meeting PA of PA related/medical ML McNeely, Mean age: 53.2 Last recommendations: variables CM Sellar, month Active: ≥ 150 minutes of CM 41% ♀ MVPA or ≥ 75 minutes Socio- Friedenreich, Asking of strenuous PA; demographic CJ Peddle- 51.6% completed for: Insufficiently active: < variables McIntyre, N undergraduate Frequenc 150 minutes of MVPA Chua and T education y and and < 75 minutes of Theory of Reiman [60] duration strenuous PA planned26 Type of cancer: behaviour Hodgkin’s and Measurement unit: constructs non-Hodgkin’s Proportion (%) of active lymphoma and insufficiently active individuals KS Courneya, N = 122- Canada Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Classification Exercise C Stevinson, period: Meeting PA of PA adherence ML McNeely, Mean age: 53 Last recommendations: CM Sellar, CJ month Active: ≥ 150 minutes of Peddle, CM 41% ♀ MVPA or ≥ 75 minutes Friedenreich, Asking of strenuous PA; A Mazurek, N Type of cancer: for: Insufficiently active: < Chua, K Hodgkin’s and Frequenc 150 minutes of MVPA Tankel, S non-Hodgkin’s y and and < 75 minutes of Basi, et al. lymphoma duration strenuous PA; sedentary: [61] 0 minutes of mild/moderate/ strenuous PA/weekMeasurement unit: Proportion (%) of active, insufficiently active and sedentary individuals KS Courneya, N = 399- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Cancer- JKH Transversal period: Frequency × duration of of PA ranking related/medical Vallance, LW Mean age: 61 Typical moderate + frequency × variables Jones and T week duration of strenuous Reiman [62] 48% ♀ Socio- Asking Measurement unit: demographic 29% completed for: Minutes/week variables undergraduate Frequenc education y and Theory of duration planned Type of cancer: behaviour Hodgkin’s and constructs non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma M Craike, K N = 229- Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of PA Classification Cancer- Hose and PM Australia retrospective period: Meeting PA patterns during related/medical Livingston a) recommendations*: cancer experience variables 27 [63] Median age: 60 Typical Active: ≥ 150 minutes of week- at least moderate Identify correlates PA barriers 46.9% ♀ prior to intensity/week; of PA diagnosis Insufficiently active: < Socio- Type of cancer: 150 minutes of MVPA of demographic Multiple myeloma b) Last at least moderate variables month-at intensity/week the time of the *Minutes of strenuous survey LTPA were multiplied by 2 Asking for: Measurement unit: Frequenc Proportion (%) of active y and and insufficiently active duration individuals MJ Craike, K N = 24- Australia Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Assess the Relative N/A Hose, KS transversal period: Frequency × duration of prevalence of PA ranking Courneya, SJ Mean age: 62 (qualitative study) a) moderate + frequency × Harrison and Typical duration of strenuous Assessment of PA Classification PM 54% ♀ week- patterns during Livingston prior to Meeting PA cancer experience [64] 42% completed diagnosis recommendations*: undergraduate Active: ≥ 150 minutes of education b) Last MVPA/week; month-at Insufficiently active: < Type of cancer: the time 150 minutes of Multiple myeloma of the MVPA/week; survey *Minutes of strenuous Asking LTPA were multiplied by for: 2 Frequenc y and Measurement unit: duration Minutes/weekProportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals AD N = 84- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Served as a control Relative N/A28 Crosswell, transversal period: Frequency × duration of variable in the ranking KG Mean age: 47 Typical mild × 3 + frequency × analyses Lockwood, week duration of moderate × 5 PA Ganz and 100% ♀ + frequency × duration of JE Bower Asking strenuous × 9 [65] 42% completed for: college/university Frequenc Measurement unit: y and MET hours/week Type of cancer: duration Breast T Crowgey, N = 37- USA Case-control Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of Relative Cognitive KB Peters, period: Frequency × duration of baseline PA to test ranking function WE Hornsby, Mean age: 52 Last mild + frequency × difference across A Lane, F month duration of moderate + health conditions Classification McSherry, JE 100% ♀ frequency × duration of Herndon, 2nd, Asking strenuous Examine the MJ West, CL Type of cancer: for: association Williams and Breast Frequenc Frequency × duration of between PA and LW Jones y and moderate + frequency × health-related [66] duration duration of strenuous outcomesMeeting PA recommendations: Active: ≥ 150 minutes of MVPA/week; Insufficiently active: < 150 minutes of MVPA/week Measurement unit: Minutes/weekProportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals SN Culos- N = 38- Canada Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of Not specified N/A Reed, LE period: Not specified baseline Carlson, LM Median age: 50 Last equivalence of the Daroux and S month Measurement unit: treatment and Hately- 95% ♀ Not specified29 Aldous [67] Asking comparison groups Type of cancer: for: Breast Frequenc y SN Culos- N = 31- Canada Pre-experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Outcome of a PA Relative Experimental Reed, JL period: Frequency of mild × 3 + intervention ranking conditions Robinson, H Mean age: 65 Typical frequency of moderate × Lau, K week- 5 + frequency of O'Connor and 0% ♀ over the strenuous × 9 MR Keats last 12 [68] 26% completed weeks Measurement unit: undergraduate LSI (arbitrary units) education Asking for: Type of cancer: Frequenc Prostate y SN Culos- N = 31- Canada Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of Relative Experimental Reed, JW period: Frequency of mild × 3 + baseline ranking conditions Robinson, H Mean age: 68 Typical frequency of moderate × equivalence of the Lau, L week- 5 + frequency of treatment and Stephenson, 0% ♀ over the strenuous × 9 comparison groups M Keats, S last 12 Norris, G 44% completed weeks Measurement unit: Kline and P undergraduate LSI (arbitrary units) Outcome of a Faris [69] education Asking behavioural for: intervention Type of cancer: Frequenc Prostate y SN Culos- N = 56- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative Theory of Reed, C longitudinal period: Frequency × duration of association ranking planned Shields and Mean age: 53 Typical mild + frequency × between PA behaviour LR Brawley week- duration of moderate + patterns and constructs [70] 100% ♀ over the frequency × duration of health-related last strenuous PA outcomes 48% completed month undergraduate Measurement unit: Identify correlates education Asking Minutes/week of PA for: Type of cancer: Frequenc Breast y and 30 duration W Demark- N = 209- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Assess prevalence Relative Quality of life Wahnefried, transversal period: Frequency of moderate + of PA ranking C Werner, EC Mean age: 20 Not strenuous Clinical/medical Clipp, AB specified Examine the Classification variables Guill, M 50% ♀ Measurement unit: association Bonner, LW Asking Number of ≥ 15 minutes between PA and Socio- Jones and PM Type of cancer: for: LTPA cessions health-related demographic Rosoff [71] Leukemia, Frequenc (frequency)/week outcomes variables lymphoma, CNS y Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Interest in Not specified of PA exercise counselling Measurement unit: Investigate interest Proportion (%) of active and preferences and insufficiently active for exercise individualsW Demark- N = 68- USA Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Outcome of an Relative Experimental Wahnefried, (mother) period: Frequency × duration of intervention ranking conditions LW Jones, Not moderate + frequency × DC Snyder, Mean age: 61 specified duration of strenuous RJ Sloane, GG Kimmick, 100% ♀ Asking METs: Not specified DC Hughes, for: HJ Badr, PE 33% completed Frequenc Measurement unit: Miller, LE college/university y and Minutes/week Burke and IM duration MET hours/week Lipkus [72] Type of cancer: Breast KA Donovan, N = 261- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative Fatigue BJ Small, MA longitudinal period: Frequency of mild × 3 + association ranking Andrykowski, Mean age: 55 Last frequency of moderate × between PA and P Munster week 5 + frequency of health-related and PB 100% ♀ strenuous × 9 outcomes Jacobsen [73] Asking Mean years of for: Measurement unit: education: 14 Frequenc LSI (arbitrary units) y Type of cancer:31 Breast AS Fairey, N = 52- Canada Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of Relative Experimental KS Courneya, period: Frequency × duration of baseline ranking conditions CJ Field, GJ Mean age: 59 Not moderate equivalence of the Bell, LW specified treatment and Classification Jones and JR 100% ♀ Frequency × duration of comparison groups Mackey [74] Asking strenuous Type of cancer: for: Assess Breast Frequenc Meeting PA contamination rate y and recommendations: between duration Active: ≥ 90 minutes of conditions MVPA/week; Insufficiently active: < 90 minutes of MVPA/week Measurement unit: Minutes/week Proportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals AS Fairey, N = 52- Canada Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of Relative Experimental KS Courneya, period: Frequency × duration of baseline ranking conditions CJ Field, GJ Mean age: 59 Not moderate + frequency × equivalence of the Bell, LW specified duration of strenuous; treatment and Classification Jones and JR 100% ♀ comparison groups Mackey [75] Asking Frequency × duration of Type of cancer: for: moderate; and strenuous Assess Breast Frequenc contamination rate y and Meeting PA between duration recommendations: conditions Active: ≥ 90 minutes of MVPA intensity/week; Insufficiently active: < 90 minutes of intensity/weekMeasurement unit: Minutes/weekProportion (%) of active 32 and insufficiently active individuals LA Faul, HS N = 192- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative Anxiety Jim, S transversal period: Frequency of mild × 3 + association ranking Minton, M Mean age: 56 Last frequency of moderate × between PA Depression Fishman, T week 5 + frequency of patterns and Classification Tanvetyanon 67% ♀ strenuous × 9 health-related Quality of life and PB Asking outcomes Jacobsen [76] 40% completed for: No exercise group: No college education Frequenc LSI (score = 0); y Mild exercise group: mild Type of cancer: as the highest level of Breast, lung, other PA; Moderate exercise cancers group: moderate as the highest level of PA; Strenuous exercise group: Strenuous as the highest level of PAMeasurement unit: LSI (arbitrary units)Proportion (%) of individuals in the no exercise, mild exercise, moderate exercise and strenuous groups MB Feinstein, N = 342- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Classification Dyspnea P Krebs, EJ transversal period: Any moderate/strenuous association Coups, BJ Mean age: 69 Not PA group: between PA Park, RM specified moderate/strenuous patterns and Steingart, J 64% ♀ frequency ≥ 0; health-related Burkhalter, A Asking No moderate/strenuous outcomes Logue and JS 68% completed for: PA group: Ostroff [77] college education Frequenc moderate/strenuous y frequency = 0. Type of cancer: Lung Proportion (%) of individuals in the any moderate/strenuous PA 33 and no moderate/strenuous groups CC Forbes, N = 741- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Cancer- CM transversal period: MVPA: Frequency × of PA ranking related/medical Blanchard, Median age: 65 Last duration of moderate + variables WK month frequency × duration of Classification Mummery 45% ♀ strenuous × 2 Theory of and KS Asking planned Courneya [78] 51% completed for: Meeting PA behaviour college/university Frequenc recommendations: constructs y and Active: ≥ 150 minutes of Type of cancer: duration MVPA/week or ≥ 75 Socio- Breast, colorectal, minutes of strenuous demographic prostate PA/week; variables Insufficiently active: < 150 minutes of MVPA/week and ≥ 75 minutes of strenuous PA/weekMeasurement unit: Continuous scores- Minutes/weekCategorical score- Proportion (%) of active and insufficiently active DA Galvão, N N = 100- Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of Relative Experimental Spry, J Australia and period: Frequency of mild × 3 + baseline ranking conditions Denham, DR New-Zealand Not frequency of moderate × equivalence of the Taaffe, P specified 5 + frequency of treatment and Cormie, D Mean age: 72 strenuous × 9 comparison groups Joseph, DS Asking Lamb, SK 0% ♀ for: Measurement unit: Chambers and Frequenc LSI (arbitrary units) RU Newton Type of cancer: y [79] Prostate SE Gilbert, N = 20- UK Case-control Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative The case and GA Tew, L period: Frequency of mild × 3 + association ranking control groups 34 Bourke, EM Mean age: 69 Last 6 frequency of moderate × between PA and Winter and months 5 + frequency of health-related DJ Rosario 0% ♀ strenuous × 9 outcomes [80] Asking Type of cancer: for: Measurement unit: Prostate Frequenc LSI (arbitrary units) y MB Gilliam, N = 105- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Cancer- A Madan- transversal period: Frequency of mild × 3 + of PA ranking related/medical Swain, K Mean age: 11 Typical frequency of moderate × variables Whelan, DC week 5 + frequency of Tucker, W 49% ♀ strenuous × 9 Neighbourhood Demark- Asking environment Wahnefried Type of cancer: for: Frequency × duration of and DC Leukemia, soft Frequenc mild PA Social support Schwebel [81] tissue sarcoma, y and Frequency × duration of CNS tumor, duration moderate PA Socio- kidney tumor Frequency × duration of demographic strenuous PA variablesMeasurement unit: LSI (arbitrary units) Minutes/week MB Gilliam, N = 105- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Cancer- A Madan- transversal period: Frequency × duration of of PA ranking related/medical Swain, K Mean age: 11 Typical mild variables Whelan, DC week Frequency × duration of Tucker, W 49% ♀ moderate Social cognitive Demark- Asking Frequency × duration of theory constructs Wahnefried Type of cancer: for: strenuous and DC Leukemia, soft Frequenc Socio- Schwebel [82] tissue sarcoma, y and Measurement unit: demographic CNS tumor, duration Minutes/week variables kidney tumor GM Gjerset, N = 1284- Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Investigate interest Classification Interest in SD Fosså, KS Norway retrospective period: Meeting PA and preferences exercise Courneya, E Typical recommendations: for exercise counselling Skovlund, AB Mean age: 57 week- Active: ≥ 150 minutes of Jacobsen and moderate/strenuous L Thorsen 56% ♀ a) Prior PA/week; 35 [83] to cancer Insufficiently active: < 36% completed diagnosis 150 minutes of college education moderate/strenuous b) At the PA/week Type of cancer: time of Testicular, breast, survey Measurement unit: ovarian, cervical, (post- Proportion (%) of prostate, diagnosis maintainers, adopters, lymphoma ) inactive, relapsersAsking for: Frequenc y and duration GM Gjerset, N = 975- Norway Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Assess the Classification Time SD Fosså, KS retrospective period: Meeting PA prevalence of PA Courneya, E Median age: 56 Typical recommendations: Cancer- Skovlund and week- Active: ≥ 150 minutes of Assessment of PA related/medical L Thorsen 56% ♀ moderate PA/week or ≥ patterns during variables [84] a) Prior 75 minutes of strenuous cancer experience 42% completed to cancer PA/week; Socio- college education diagnosis Insufficiently active: < Identify correlates demographic 150 minutes of moderate of PA variables Type of cancer: b) At the PA/week and < 75 Testicular, breast, time of minutes of strenuous ovarian, cervical, survey PA/week prostate, (post- lymphoma diagnosis Measurement unit: ) Proportion (%) of maintainers, adopters, Asking persistently inactive, for: relapsers Frequenc y and duration GM Gjerset, N = 67- Norway Pre-experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Outcome of a PA Relative Experimental SD Fosså, AA period: Frequency × duration of intervention ranking conditions Dahl, JH Mean age: 67 Typical mild Loge, T week Frequency × duration of Classification36 Ensby and L 0% ♀ moderate Thorsen [85] Asking Frequency × duration of 52% completed for: strenuous college education Frequenc y and Meeting PA Type of cancer: duration recommendations: Prostate Active: ≥ 150 minutes of moderate PA/week or ≥ 75 minutes of strenuous PA/week; Insufficiently active: < 150 minutes of moderate PA/week and < 75 minutes of strenuous PA/weekMeasurement unit: Minutes/weekProportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals C Grimmett, J N = 495- UK Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Assess the Classification Fatigue Bridgewater, transversal period: Meeting PA prevalence of PA A Steptoe and Mean age: 68 Typical recommendations: Quality of life J Wardle [86] week Active: ≥ 5 bouts of Examine the 41% ♀ moderate/ strenuous association Asking PA/week; between PA and Type of cancer: for: Insufficiently active: < 5 health-related Colorectal Frequenc bouts of moderate/ outcomes y strenuous PA/weekMeasurement unit: Proportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals P Grossman, N = 33- Canada Case-control Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative The case and G Deuring, period: Frequency of mild × 3 + association ranking control groups SN Garland, Mean age: 52 Not frequency of moderate × between PA and TS Campbell specified 5 + frequency of health-related 37 and LE 100% ♀ strenuous × 9 outcomes Carlson [87] Asking 64% completed for: Measurement unit: college education Frequenc LSI (arbitrary units) y Type of cancer: Breast E Guinan, J N = 26- Ireland Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of Relative Experimental Hussey, JM period: Frequency of mild × 3 + baseline ranking conditions Broderick, FE Mean age: 48 Not frequency of moderate × equivalence of the Lithander, D specified 5 + frequency of treatment and O'Donnell, 100% ♀ strenuous × 9 comparison groups MJ Kennedy Asking and EM Type of cancer: for: Measurement unit: Connolly [88] Breast Frequenc LSI (arbitrary units) Outcome of an y intervention JM N = 135- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Determine Classification BMI Harrington, transversal period: Meeting PA exercise type, DC Schwenke Mean age: 72 Last recommendations: counselling, or Duration and DR week Active: ≥ 150 minutes of programming of ADT Epstein [89] 0% ♀ moderate/strenuous preferences Asking PA/week; Physical activity Type of cancer: for: Insufficiently active: < preferences Prostate Frequenc 150 minutes of y moderate/ strenuous PA/week Measurement unit: Proportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals AL Hawkes, N = 410- Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Assess eligibility Relative Experimental SK Australia period: Frequency × duration of criterion ranking conditions Chambers, KI Not mild Pakenham, Mean age: 66 specified Frequency × duration of Outcome of an Classification TA Patrao, moderate intervention PD Baade, 54% ♀ Asking Frequency × duration of BM Lynch, JF for: strenuous Aitken, X 91% completed Frequenc Meng and KS high school y and Meeting PA 38 Courneya [90] education duration recommendations: Active: ≥ 150 minutes of Type of cancer: moderate/strenuous Colorectal PA/week; Insufficiently active: < 150 minutes of moderate/ strenuous PA/week Measurement unit: Minutes/weekProportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals MC Hocking, N = 117- USA Case-control Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Cancer- LA Schwartz, period: Frequency of mild × 3 + of PA ranking related/medical WL Hobbie, Mean age: 22 Not frequency of moderate × variables BW Derosa, specified 5 + frequency of RF Ittenbach, 53% ♀ strenuous × 9 Cognitive JJ Mao, JP Asking competences Ginsberg and 37% completed for: Frequency of mild + AE Kazak college education Frequenc frequency of moderate + Health beliefs [91] y frequency of strenuous Type of cancer: Socio- Breast Measurement unit: demographic LSI (arbitrary units) variablesNumber of LTPA bouts (frequency/week) WE Hornsby, N = 20- USA Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Outcome of an Relative Experimental PS Douglas, period: Frequency × duration of intervention ranking conditions MJ West, AA Mean age: 49 Not mild + frequency × Kenjale, AR specified duration of moderate + Lane, ER 100% ♀ frequency × duration of Schwitzer, Asking strenuous KA Ray, JE Type of cancer: for: Herndon, A Breast Frequenc Frequency × duration of Coan, A y and moderate + frequency × Gutierrez, et duration duration of strenuous al. [92]39 Measurement unit: Minutes/weekN Humpel N = 91- Australia Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Classification Body mass index and DC retrospective period: Meeting PA association Iverson [93] Mean age: 61 Typical recommendations: between PA and Cancer site week- Active: ≥ 150 minutes of health-related 35% ♀ moderate/strenuous outcomes Depression a) During PA/week; 31% completed 6 months Insufficiently active: < Assessment of PA Quality of life graduate prior to 150 (but > 0) minutes of patterns during education cancer moderate/ strenuous cancer experience Time diagnosis PA/week; Type of cancer: no PA: 0 minutes of Identify correlates Prostate and b) At the moderate/ strenuous of PA breast time of PA/week survey Measurement unit: Asking Proportion (%) of active, for: insufficiently active and Frequenc no PA individuals y and duration N Humpel N = 91- Australia Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Classification Fatigue and DC transversal period: Meeting PA association Iverson [94] Mean age: 61 Typical recommendations: between PA and Sleep week Active: ≥ 150 minutes of health-related 35% ♀ mild/moderate/strenuous outcomes Asking PA/week; 31% completed for: Insufficiently active: < graduate Frequenc 150 (but > 0) minutes of education y and mild/moderate/ strenuous duration PA/week; Type of cancer: No PA: 0 minutes of Prostate and mild/moderate/ strenuous breast PA/weekMeasurement unit: Proportion (%) of active, insufficiently active and 40 no PA individuals TT Hunt- N = 208- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Theory of Shanks, CM transversal period: Frequency of mild + of PA ranking planned behavior Blanchard, F Mean age: 62 Typical frequency of moderate + constructs Baker, D week- frequency of strenuous Hann, CS 61% ♀ Since Roberts, J cancer Measurement unit: McDonald, M 40% completed diagnosis Number of LTPA bouts Livingston, C college education (frequency)/week Witt, J Asking Ruiterman, R Type of cancer: for: Ampela, et al. Prostate and Frequenc [95] breast y PB Jacobsen, N = 286- USA Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of Relative Experimental KM Phillips, period: Frequency of mild × 3 + baseline ranking conditions HS Jim, BJ Mean age: 58 Last frequency of moderate × equivalence of the Small, LA week- 5 + frequency of treatment and Faul, CD 68% ♀ strenuous × 9 comparison groups Meade, L Asking Thompson, 40% completed for: Measurement unit: Test the difference CC Williams, college education Frequenc LSI (arbitrary units) in PA between Jr., LS Loftus, y study completers M Fishman, et Type of cancer: and drop-outs al. [96] Breast, lung and other cancers Outcome of an intervention LM Jaremka, N = 49- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative Loneliness RR Andridge, (Study-1) longitudinal period: MVPA: Frequency × association ranking CP Fagundes, Last duration of moderate + between PA and Symptoms CM Alfano, Mean age: 58 week frequency × duration of health-related cluster SP Povoski, strenuous outcomes (depression, AM Lipari, 98% ♀ Asking fatigue, and pain) DM Agnese, for: Measurement unit: MW Arnold, 78% completed Frequenc Minutes/week WB Farrar, college/university y and LD Yee, et al. duration [97] Type of cancer: Breast and colorectal M Jeffreys, F N = 1799- New Case-control: Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Classification Risk of breast41 McKenzie, R Zealand retrospective period: Frequency of mild × 3 + association cancer Firestone, M Last year frequency of moderate × between PA and Gray, S Mean age: 60 5 + frequency of health-related Cheng, A Asking strenuous × 9 outcomes Moala, N 100% ♀ for: Pearce and L Frequenc Measurement unit: Ellison- 52% completed y Quartile of LSI (arbitrary Loschmann high school units) [98] Type of cancer: Breast LW Jones, N = 171- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative Physical fitness RR Cohen, transversal period: Frequency × duration of association ranking indicators SK Mabe, MJ Mean age: 49 Last mild + frequency × between PA and (6-min walking West, A month duration of moderate + health-related Classification distance) Desjardins, JJ 68% ♀ frequency × duration of outcomes Vredenburgh, Asking strenuous AH Friedman, Type of cancer: for: DA Reardon, Brain (malignant Frequenc Meeting PA E Waner and glioma) y and recommendations: HS Friedman duration Active: ≥ 150 minutes of [99] MVPA/week; Insufficiently active: < 150 minutes of MVPA/weekMeasurement unit: Minutes/weekProportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals LW Jones and N = 307- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Determine Relative Exercise KS Courneya retrospective period: Frequency of mild exercise type, ranking programming [100] Mean age: 61 Typical frequency of moderate counselling, or preferences week- frequency of strenuous programming Classification 59% ♀ During preferences cancer Frequency × duration of 47% completed treatment mild + frequency × college education duration of moderate + 42 frequency × duration of Type of cancer: Asking strenuous Breast, colorectal, for: lung, prostate Frequenc Meeting PA y and recommendations: duration Active: ≥ 1 bout of moderate/strenuous PA/week; Insufficiently active: 0 bout of moderate/ strenuous PA/weekMeasurement unit: Number of LTPA cessions (frequency)/week Minutes/weekProportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals LW Jones and N = 303- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Exercise KS Courneya retrospective period: Frequency of mild × 3 + of PA ranking discussion with [101] Mean age: 61 Typical frequency of moderate × oncologist week- 5 + frequency of Determine Classification 59% ♀ During strenuous × 9 exercise type, the total counselling 46% completed span of Frequency × duration of modalities college education the mild + frequency × preferences cancer duration of moderate + Type of cancer: treatment frequency × duration of Breast, colorectal, strenuous lung, prostate Asking Meeting PA for: recommendations: Frequenc Active: ≥ 150 minutes of y and moderate/strenuous duration PA/week; Insufficiently active: < 43 150 minutes of moderate/ strenuous PA/weekMeasurement unit: LSI (arbitrary units)Minutes/weekProportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals LW Jones, KS N = 329- Canada Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Outcome of an Relative Experimental Courneya, AS period: Frequency of mild × 3 + intervention ranking conditions Fairey and JR Mean age: 56 Typical frequency of moderate × Mackey [102] week- 5 + frequency of Classification 100% ♀ During strenuous × 9 treatment Type of cancer: Frequency × duration of Breast Asking mild + frequency × for: duration of moderate + Frequenc frequency × duration of y and strenuous duration Frequency × duration of mild × 3 + frequency × duration of moderate × 5 + frequency × duration of strenuous × 9Meeting PA recommendations: Active: ≥ 150 minutes of moderate PA/week Insufficiently active: < 150 minutes of moderate PA/weekMeasurement unit: LSI (arbitrary units)44 Minutes/weekMETs × hours/weekProportion (%) of active and insufficiently active Individuals LW Jones, KS N = 450- Canada Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Experimental Courneya, AS period: Frequency × duration of of PA (mediation ranking conditions Fairey and JR Mean age: 62 Typical mild × 3 analysis) Mackey [103] week Frequency × duration of Theory of 100% ♀ moderate × 5 Outcome of an planned Asking Frequency × duration of intervention behaviour Type of cancer: for: strenuous × 9 constructs Breast Frequenc y and Measurement unit: duration METs × hours/week LW Jones, KS N = 248- Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Describe study Relative N/A Courneya, JR Canada/USA Transversal period: Frequency × duration of sample in terms of ranking Mackey, HB Not mild + LTPA Muss, EN Mean age: 55 specified Frequency × duration of Classification Pituskin, JM moderate + Scott, WE 100% ♀ Asking Frequency × duration of Hornsby, AD for: strenuous Coan, JE Type of cancer: Frequenc Herndon, II, Breast y and Meeting PA PS Douglas, duration recommendations: et al. [104] Active: ≥ 150 minutes of MVPA/week; Insufficiently active: < 150 minutes of MVPA/weekMeasurement unit: Minutes/weekProportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals45 LW Jones, KS N = 70- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Cancer- Courneya, Retrospective period: Frequency × duration of of PA ranking related/medical JKH Mean age: 64 Typical mild + frequency × variables Vallance, AB week- duration of moderate + Ladha, MJ 44% ♀ frequency × duration of Socio- Mant, AR a) Before strenuous demographic Belch and T 52% completed diagnosis variables Reiman [105] college education Measurement unit: b) Minutes/week Theory of Type of cancer: During Planned Multiple myeloma treatment behaviour constructs c) After treatmentAsking for: Frequenc y and duration LW Jones, KS N = 88- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Assess prevalence Relative Anemia Courneya, Retrospective period: Frequency × duration of of PA ranking JKH Mean age: 64 Typical mild + frequency × Depression Vallance, AB week- duration of moderate + Assessment of PA Classification Ladha, MJ 59% ♀ frequency × duration of patterns during Fatigue Mant, AR a) Before strenuous cancer experience Belch, DA 49% completed diagnosis Quality of life Stewart and T college education Meeting PA Examine the Reiman [106] b) recommendations: association Wellbeing Type of cancer: During Active: ≥ 150 minutes of between PA and Multiple myeloma treatment MVPA/week; health-related Insufficiently active: < outcomes c) After 150 minutes of treatment MVPA/weekAsking Measurement unit: for: Minutes/week Frequenc y and Proportion (%) of active duration and insufficiently active 46 individuals LW Jones, N = 85- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Assess the Relative N/A ND Eves, JR Transversal period: Not specified prevalence of PA ranking Mackey, CJ Mean age: 63 Typical Peddle, M week- Measurement unit: Haykowsky, 35% ♀ Since Minutes/week AA Joy, KS diagnosis Courneya, K Type of cancer: Tankel, J Lung Asking Spratlin and T for: Reiman [107] Frequenc y and durationLW Jones, N = 35- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative Fatigue AH Friedman, Transversal period: Frequency × duration of association ranking MJ West, SK Mean age: 47 Last mild + frequency × between PA and Quality of life Mabe, J month duration of moderate + health-related Fraser, WE 40% ♀ frequency × duration of outcomes Muscle cross- Kraus, HS Asking strenuous sectional area Friedman, MI Type of cancer: for: Tresch, N Brain (malignant Frequenc Measurement unit: VO2peak Major and glioma) y and Minutes/week DA Reardon duration [108] LW Jones, B N = 106- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of PA Relative Cancer- Guill, ST Retrospective period: Frequency × duration of patterns during ranking related/medical Keir, K Mean age: 45 Typical mild + frequency × cancer experience variables Carter, HS week- duration of moderate + Classification Friedman, DD 51% ♀ frequency × duration of Identify correlates Socio- Bigner and a) Before strenuous of PA demographic DA Reardon 82% completed diagnosis variables [109] college education Frequency × duration of b) mild; moderate; and Type of cancer: During strenuous Brain treatment Meeting PA c) After recommendations: treatment Active: ≥ 150 minutes of moderate/strenuous 47 PA/week; Asking Insufficiently active: < for: 150 (but > 0) minutes of Frequenc moderate/ strenuous y and PA/week duration No PA: 0 minutes of moderate/ strenuous PA/weekMeasurement unit: Minutes/weekProportion (%) of active, insufficiently active and no PA individuals LW Jones, B N = 170- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Determine Relative Exercise Guill, ST Retrospective period: Frequency × duration of exercise type, ranking programming Keir, K Mean age: 45 Typical mild + frequency × counselling, and preferences Carter, HS week- duration of moderate + programming Classification Friedman, DD 51% ♀ frequency × duration of preferences Bigner and a) Before strenuous DA Reardon 82% completed diagnosis [110] college education Meeting PA b) recommendations: Type of cancer: During Active: ≥ 150 minutes of Brain treatment MVPA/week; Insufficiently active: < c) After 150 minutes of treatment MVPA/weekAsking Measurement unit: for: Minutes/week Frequenc y and Proportion (%) of active duration and insufficiently active individuals LW Jones, B N = 100- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Cancer- Guill, ST retrospective period: Frequency × duration of of PA intention ranking related/medical Keir, K Mean age: 45 Typical mild + frequency × variables Carter, HS week- duration of moderate + Classification48 Friedman, DD 51% ♀ frequency × duration of Socio- Bigner and a) Before strenuous demographic DA Reardon 85% completed diagnosis variables [111] college education Meeting PA b) recommendations: Theory of Type of cancer: During Active: ≥ 150 minutes of Planned behavior Brain treatment MVPA/week; constructs Insufficiently active: < c) After 150 minutes of treatment MVPA/weekMeasurement unit: Asking Minutes/week for: Frequenc Proportion (%) of active y and and insufficiently active duration individuals LW Jones, N = 118- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative Survival time WE Hornsby, longitudinal period: Frequency × duration of association ranking A Goetzinger, Mean age: 61 Typical mild + frequency × between PA and LM Forbes, week- duration of moderate + health-related Classification EL Sherrard, 40% ♀ Since frequency × duration of outcomes M Quist, AT cancer strenuous Lane, M Type of cancer: treatment West, ND Lung Frequency × duration of Eves, M mild × 3 + frequency × Gradison, et Asking duration of moderate × 5 al. [112] for: + frequency × duration of Frequenc strenuous × 9 y and duration Meeting PA recommendations: Active: ≥ 150 minutes of moderate/strenuous PA/week; Insufficiently active: < 150 (but > 0) minutes of moderate/ strenuous PA/week; No PA: 0 minutes of 49 mild, moderate, or strenuous PA/weekMeasurement unit: Minutes/weekMETs × hours/week Proportion (%) of active, insufficiently active and no PA at all individuals LW Jones, M N = 100- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of PA Relative Time Mourtzakis, longitudinal period: Frequency × duration of patterns during ranking KB Peters, Mean age: 47 Last mild + frequency × cancer experience AH Friedman, month- duration of moderate + MJ West, SK 40% ♀ a) frequency × duration of Examine the Mabe, WE Baseline strenuous association Quality of life Kraus, HS Type of cancer: between PA and Friedman and Brain (malignant b) 6 Measurement unit: health-related DA Reardon glioma) weeks Minutes/week outcomes [113] after baseline c) 24 weeks after treatmentAsking for: Frequenc y and duration LW Jones, CJ N = 20- Canada Single group; pre- Recall Scoring algorithm: Served as a control Relative Experimental Peddle, ND experimental period: Frequency × duration of variable in the ranking conditions Eves, MJ Mean age: 65 Not mild + frequency × analyses Haykowsky, specified duration of moderate + KS Courneya, 70% ♀ frequency × duration of Assess LTPA JR Mackey, Asking strenuous performed outside AA Joy, V Type of cancer: for: the supervised PA 50 Kumar, TW Lung Frequenc Measurement unit: program Winton and T y and Minutes/week Reiman [114] duration KH Karvinen, N = 386- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Investigate Classification Exercise KS Courneya, transversal period: Meeting PA exercise programming KL Campbell, Mean age: 65 Last recommendations: programming and and exercise RG Pearcey, month Active: ≥ 150 minutes of counselling counselling G Dundas, V 100% ♀ Moderate PA/week or : ≥ preferences preferences Capstick and Asking 60 minutes of strenuous KS Tonkin 38% completed for: PA/week; [115] college education Frequenc Insufficiently active: < y and 150 minutes of moderate Type of cancer: duration PA/week and < 60 Endometrial minutes of strenuous PA/weekMeasurement unit: Proportion (%) of active, insufficiently active individuals KH Karvinen, N = 354- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Classification Cancer- KS Courneya, transversal period: Meeting PA of PA related/medical KL Campbell, Mean age: 65 Not recommendations: variables RG Pearcey, specified Active: ≥ 150 minutes of G Dundas, V 100% ♀ moderate PA/week or : ≥ Socio- Capstick and Asking 60 minutes of strenuous demographic KS Tonkin 38% completed for: PA/week; variables [116] college education Frequenc Insufficiently active: < y and 150 minutes of moderate Theory of Type of cancer: duration PA/week and < 60 Planned behavior Endometrial minutes of strenuous constructs PA/week; Sedentary: 0 minute of moderate and strenuous PA/weekMeasurement unit: Proportion (%) of active, insufficiently active and sedentary individuals KH Karvinen, N = 525- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of PA Classification Fatigue51 KS Courneya, retrospective period: Meeting PA patterns during S North and P Mean age: 70 Past recommendations: cancer experience Quality of life Venner [117] month- Active: ≥ 150 minutes of 25% ♀ a) Before moderate PA/week or ≥ Examine the Time diagnosis 60 minutes of strenuous association 20% completed PA/week; between PA and college education b) Insufficiently active: < health-related During 150 minutes of moderate outcomes Type of cancer: treatment PA/week and < 60 Bladder minutes of strenuous c) After PA/week; Sedentary: 0 treatment minute of moderate and strenuous PA/week Asking for: Measurement unit: Frequenc Proportion (%) of active, y and insufficiently active and duration sedentary individuals; Proportion (%) of maintainers, temporary relapsers, permanent relapsers and nonexercisers. KH Karvinen, N = 525- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Classification Clinical/medical KS Courneya, longitudinal period: Meeting PA of PA variables RC Mean age: 70 Last 3 recommendations: Plotnikoff, JC months Active: ≥ 150 minutes of Socio- Spence, PM 75% ♀ moderate PA/week or ≥ demographic Venner and S Asking 60 minutes of strenuous variables North [118] for: PA/week; Type of cancer: Frequenc Insufficiently active: < Theory of Bladder y and 150 minutes of moderate planned behavior duration PA/week and < 60 constructs minutes of strenuous PA/week; No LTPA: 0 minute of moderate and strenuous PA/weekMeasurement unit: 52 Proportion (%) of active, insufficiently active, and No LTPA individuals KH Karvinen, N = 525- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Investigate Classification Exercise KS Courneya, longitudinal period: Meeting PA exercise programming P Venner and Median age: 65 Last recommendations: programming and and exercise S North [119] month Active: ≥ 150 minutes of counselling counselling 26% ♀ moderate PA/week or ≥ preferences preferences Asking 60 minutes of strenuous 38% completed for: PA/week; college education Frequenc Insufficiently active: < y and 150 minutes of moderate Type of cancer: duration PA/week and < 60 Bladder minutes of strenuous PA/weekMeasurement unit: Proportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals KH Karvinen, N = 91- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Assess PA Classification Exercise TD Raedeke, transversal period: Meeting PA prevalence programming H Arastu and Mean age: 57 Last recommendations: and exercise RR Allison months Active: ≥ 150 minutes of Identify correlates counselling [120] 100% ♀ moderate PA/week or : ≥ of PA preferences Asking 60 minutes of strenuous 62% completed for: PA/week; Investigate Socio- college education Frequenc Insufficiently active: < exercise demographic y and 150 minutes of moderate programming and variables Type of cancer: duration PA/week and < 60 counselling Breast minutes of strenuous preferences PA/weekMeasurement unit: Proportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals KH Karvinen, N = 14- USA Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of Relative Experimental D Esposito, period: Frequency × duration of baseline ranking conditions TD Raedeke, Mean age: 57 Last moderate + frequency × equivalence of the 53 J Vick and PR months duration of strenuous × 2 treatment and Classification Walker [121] 29% ♀ comparison groups Asking Frequency × duration of 21% had some for: moderate post-secondary Frequenc school y and Frequency × duration of duration strenuous Type of cancer: Lung Meeting PA recommendations: Active: ≥ 150 minutes of MVPA/week or ≥ 60 minutes of strenuous PA/week; Insufficiently active: < 150 minutes of MVPA/week and < 60 minutes of strenuous PA/weekMeasurement unit: Minutes/weekProportion (%) of active and insufficiently active MR Keats, N = 53- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of PA Relative Well-being KS Courneya, retrospective period: Frequency of mild × 3 + patterns during ranking S Danielsen Mean age: 17 Typical frequency of moderate × cancer experience Time and SF week- 5 + frequency of Classification Whitsett [122] 47% ♀ strenuous × 9 Examine the a) Before association Type of cancer: diagnosis Meeting PA between PA and Lymphoma, recommendations: health-related leukemia, central b) Active: ≥ 27 LSI; outcomes nervous system During Insufficiently active: < 27 treatment LSI c) After Measurement unit: treatment LSI (arbitrary units)54 Asking Proportion (%) of active for: and insufficiently active Frequenc individuals; Proportion y (%) of maintainers, temporary relapsers, permanent relapsers and nonparticipants individuals MR Keats and N = Not Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Theory of N Culos-Reed specified- Canada longitudinal period: Frequency of mild × 3 + of PA ranking Planned behavior [123] Typical frequency of moderate × constructs Mean age: 16 week 5 + frequency of strenuous × 9 80% ♀ Asking for: Measurement unit: Type of cancer: Frequenc LSI (arbitrary units) Lymphoma, y leukemia, central nervous system, germ cell tumor MR Keats and N = 10- Canada Pre-experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Outcome of an Relative Experimental SN Culos- period: Frequency × duration of intervention ranking conditions Reed [124] Mean age: 16 Not mild PA × 3 specified Frequency × duration of 80% ♀ moderate PA × 5 Asking Frequency × duration of Type of cancer: for: strenuous PA × 9 Lymphoma, Frequenc leukemia, central y and Measurement unit: nervous system duration METs × hours/week MR Keats, N = 97- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of PA Relative Time SN Culos- retrospective period: Frequency of mild; patterns during ranking Reed, KS Mean age: 17 Typical frequency of moderate; cancer experience Courneya and week- frequency of strenuous. Classification M McBride 43% ♀ [125] a) Before Frequency of mild × 3 + Type of cancer: diagnosis frequency of moderate × Lymphoma, 5 + frequency of leukemia, central b) strenuous × 9 nervous system During 55 treatment Meeting PA recommendations: c) After Active: ≥ 27 LSI; treatment Insufficiently active: < 27 LSI Asking for: Measurement unit: Frequenc LSI (arbitrary units) y Number of LTPA cessions (frequency)/weekProportion (%) of maintainers, temporary relapsers, permanent relapsersMR Keats, N = 59- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Theory of SN Culos- retrospective period: Frequency of mild; of PA ranking Planned behavior Reed, KS Mean age: 17 Typical frequency of moderate; constructs Courneya and week- frequency of strenuous. M McBride 39% ♀ [126] a) Before Frequency of mild × 3 + Type of cancer: diagnosis frequency of moderate × Lymphoma, 5 + frequency of leukemia, central b) strenuous × 9 nervous system During treatment Frequency × duration of mild PA × 3 c) After Frequency × duration of treatment moderate PA × 5 Frequency × duration of Asking strenuous PA × 9 for: Frequenc Measurement unit: y and Number of LTPA duration cessions (frequency)/weekLSI (arbitrary units)56 METs × hours/week AA Kenjale, N = 413- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Describe study Classification N/A WE Hornsby, transversal period: Meeting PA sample in terms of T Crowgey, S Mean age: 58 Not recommendations: LTPA Thomas, JE specified Active: ≥ 150 minutes of Herndon Ii, 61% ♀ MVPA/week minutes of MG Khouri, Asking strenuous PA/week; AR Lane, CE Type of cancer: for: Insufficiently active: < Bishop, ND Breast, glioma, Frequenc 150 minutes of Eves, J hematological, y and MVPA/week Peppercorn, et lung duration al. [127] Measurement unit: Proportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals P Krebs, EJ N = 183- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Assess the Classification N/A Coups, MB transversal period: Meeting PA prevalence of PA Feinstein, JE Mean age: 69 Not recommendations: Burkhalter, specified Active: ≥ 150 minutes of RM Steingart, 64% ♀ MVPA/week; A Logue, BJ Asking Insufficiently active: < Park and JS 47% completed for: 150 minutes of Ostroff [128] college education Frequenc MVPA/week y and Type of cancer: duration Measurement unit: Lung Proportion (%) of active, insufficiently active individuals AB Ladha, N = 4- Canada Case-control Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative The case and KS Courneya, period: Frequency × duration of association ranking control groups GJ Bell, CJ Mean age: 11 Not mild + frequency × between PA and Field and P specified duration of moderate + health-related Grundy [129] 0% ♀ frequency × duration of outcomes Asking strenuous Type of cancer: for: Leukemia Frequenc Measurement unit: y and Minutes/week duration YY Lin, YC N = 185- Taiwan Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Classification Quality of life57 Wu, KM Rau transversal period: Meeting PA association and CC Lin Mean age: 64 Typical recommendations: between PA and [130] week Active: ≥ 150 minutes of health-related 48% ♀ MVPA/week; outcomes Asking Insufficiently active: < 20% completed for: 150 minutes of college education Frequenc MVPA/week; Light y and activity: any mild LTPA Type of cancer: duration vs. no mild LTPA; Lung Sedentary: no mild, moderate and strenuous LTPA vs any LTPA.Measurement unit: Proportion (%) of active, insufficiently active, light activity and sedentary individuals YY Lin, MF N = 107- Taiwan Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative Quality of life Liu, JI Tzeng longitudinal period: Frequency × duration of association ranking and CC Lin Mean age: 64 Typical walking between PA and Self-efficacy [131] week health-related 47% ♀ outcomes Social support Asking Measurement unit: Mean year of for: Frequency/week of Identify correlates education : 9 yr. Frequenc walking of PA y and Minutes/week of walking Type of cancer: duration Lung C Love and N = 64- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Classification Posttraumatic CM Sabiston transversal period: Meeting PA association growth [132] Mean age: 29 Typical recommendations: between PA and week Active: ≥ 150 minutes of health-related Social support 73% ♀ MVPA/week; outcomes Asking Insufficiently active: < Stress 21% completed for: 150 minutes of undergrad Frequenc MVPA/week education y and duration Measurement unit: Type of cancer: Proportion (%) of active, 58 Carcinoma, insufficiently active lymphoma, individuals leukemia, sarcoma, central nervous system skin DE Mack, LS N = 144- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative Affect Meldrum, PM longitudinal period: Frequency of mild × 3 + association ranking Wilson and Mean age: 55 Typical frequency of moderate × between PA and Depressive CM Sabiston week 5 + frequency of health-related symptoms [133] 100% ♀ strenuous × 9 outcomes Asking Psychological Type of cancer: for: Measurement unit: Needs Theory Breast Frequenc LSI (arbitrary units) constructs y StressMJ N = 66- Canada Pre-experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative PA program Mackenzie, period: Frequency of mild × 3 + association ranking LE Carlson, P Mean age: 53 Typical frequency of moderate × between PA and Affect Ekkekakis, week- 5 + frequency of health-related DM 90% ♀ Last strenuous × 9 outcomes Mindfulness Paskevich and month SN Culos- 55% completed Measurement unit: Outcome of an Mood Reed [134] college education Asking LSI (arbitrary units) intervention for: Quality of life Type of cancer: Frequenc Breast, colorectal, y Stress lymphoma, other types of cancer Time MJ N = 18- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative Affect Mackenzie, transversal period: Frequency of mild × 3 + association ranking LE Carlson, Mean age: 54 Typical frequency of moderate × between PA and Attention DM week- 5 + frequency of health-related Paskevich, P 100% ♀ Last strenuous × 9 outcomes Perceived Ekkekakis, AJ month exertion Wurz, K 61% completed Frequency × duration of Wytsma, KA college/university Asking moderate + frequency × Krenz, E for: duration of strenuous 59 McAuley and Type of cancer: Frequenc SN Culos- 61% had breast y and Measurement unit: Reed [135] cancer duration LSI (arbitrary units)Minutes/week M Maddocks, N = 200- UK Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Investigate Relative Exercise S Armstrong transversal period: Frequency of mild × 3 + exercise ranking programming and and A Mean age: 64 Typical frequency of moderate × programming and counselling Wilcock [136] week- 5 + frequency of counselling Classification preferences 52% ♀ strenuous × 9 preferences a) Before Type of cancer: diagnosis Meeting PA Breast, colorectal, recommendations: lung, urological b) At the Active: ≥ 15 LSI; and time of Insufficiently active: < 15 gynecological, survey LSI upper gastro- intestinal cancers Asking Measurement unit: for: LSI (arbitrary units) Frequenc y Proportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals E McAuley, N = 192- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative Depression SM White, transversal period: Frequency × duration of association ranking symptoms LQ Rogers, Mean age: 64 Typical moderate LTPA + between PA and RW Motl and week frequency × duration of health-related Fatigue KS Courneya 100% ♀ strenuous LTPA outcomes [137] - Asking Self-efficacy Study 1 Type of cancer: for: Measurement unit: Breast Frequenc Minutes/week y and duration EL N = 423- Canada Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of Relative Experimental McGowan, S period: Frequency × duration of baseline ranking conditions North and KS Mean age: 68 Last mild; equivalence of the Courneya month Frequency × duration of treatment and Classification [138] 0% ♀ moderate; comparison groups Asking Frequency × duration of 38% completed for: strenuous Outcome of an 60 college education Frequenc intervention y and Scoring algorithm: Type of cancer: duration Meeting PA Prostate recommendations: Active: ≥ 150 minutes of moderate PA/week or ≥ 75 minutes of strenuous PA/week; Insufficiently active: < 150 minutes of moderate PA/week and < 75 minutes of strenuous PA/weekMeasurement unit: Minutes/weekProportion (%) of active, insufficiently active individuals EL N = 600- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Investigate Classification Exercise McGowan, transversal period: Meeting PA exercise programming and AE Speed- Median age: 65 Last recommendations: programming and counselling Andrews, CM month Active: ≥ 150 minutes of counselling preferences Blanchard, 42% ♀ moderate PA/week or ≥ preferences RE Rhodes, Asking 75 minutes of strenuous CM 51% completed for: PA/week; Friedenreich, college education Frequenc Insufficiently active: < SN Cubs- y and 150 minutes of moderate Reed and KS Type of cancer: duration PA/week and < 75 Courneya Colorectal minutes of strenuous [139] PA/weekMeasurement unit: Proportion (%) of active, insufficiently active individuals F McKenzie, N = 1799- New Case-control Recall Scoring algorithm: Served as a control Classification N/A L Ellison- Zealand period: Frequency of mild × 3 + variable in the Loschmann, Last year frequency of moderate × analyses61 M Jeffreys, R Mean age: 60 5 + frequency of Firestone, N Asking strenuous × 9 Pearce and I 100% ♀ for: Romieu [140] Frequenc Measurement unit: 52% completed y Quartile of LSI high schoolType of cancer: Breast F McKenzie, N = 1093- New Case-control Recall Scoring algorithm: Include in a Classification Cancer L Ellison- Zealand period: Frequency of moderate × healthy lifestyle Loschmann, Last year 5 + frequency of score; which was M Jeffreys, R Mean age: 58 strenuous × 9 used to examine Firestone, N Asking the association Pearce and I 100% ♀ for: Meeting PA between PA and Romieu [141] Frequenc recommendations: health-related Type of cancer: y Active: ≥ 36 LSI from outcomes Breast MVPA; Moderately active: 24-35 LSI from MVPA; Insufficiently active: < 24 LSI from MVPA Measurement unit: Proportion (%) of active, moderately active and insufficiently active ML McNeely, N = 17- Canada Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of Relative Experimental M Parliament, period: Frequency × duration of baseline ranking conditions KS Courneya, Mean age: 61 Last moderate; equivalence of the H Seikaly, N month Frequency × duration of treatment and Classification Jha, R 82% ♀ strenuous comparison groups Scrimger and Asking J Hanson Type of cancer: for: Meeting PA [142] Head and neck Frequenc recommendations: cancers y and Active: ≥ 90 minutes of duration MVPA/week; insufficiently active: < 90 minutes of MVPA/week62 Measurement unit: Minutes/weekProportion (%) of active, insufficiently active individuals RA Mesa, J N = 1179- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative PA barriers Niblack, M transversal period: Frequency of mild × 3 + of PA ranking Wadleigh, S Median age: 56 Typical frequency of moderate × Verstovsek, J week 5 + frequency of Camoriano, S 59% ♀ strenuous × 9 Barnes, AD Asking Tan, PJ Type of cancer: for: Measurement unit: Atherton, JA Hematological Frequenc LSI (arbitrary units) Sloan and A neoplasm y Tefferi [143] HM Milne, S N = 558- Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of PA Relative Body mass index Gordon, A Australia retrospective period: Frequency × duration of patterns during ranking Guilfoyle, KE Typical moderate + frequency × cancer experience Quality of life Wallman and Mean age: 59 week- duration of strenuous Classification KS Courneya Examine the Time [144] 100% ♀ a) Before Frequency × duration of association diagnosis mild; moderate; and between PA and 34% completed strenuous health-related college education b) outcomes During Meeting PA Type of cancer: treatment recommendations: Breast Active: ≥ 150 minutes of c) After moderate PA/week or ≥ treatment 60 minutes of strenuous PA/week; Asking Insufficiently active: < for: 150 minutes of moderate Frequenc PA/week and < 60 y and minutes of strenuous duration PA/weekMeasurement unit: Minutes/week63 Proportion (%) of active, insufficiently active individuals HM Milne, N = 558- Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Cancer- KE Wallman, Australia transversal period: Frequency × minutes of of PA ranking related/medical A Guilfoyle, Typical mild + variables S Gordon and Mean age: 59 week- Frequency × minutes of Classification KS Courneya moderate + Self- [145] 100% ♀ a) Before Frequency × minutes of determination diagnosis strenuous theory constructs 34% completed college education b) Measurement unit: Socio- During Minutes/week demographic Type of cancer: treatment variables Breast Scoring algorithm: c) After Meeting Australian PA treatment recommendations: Active: ≥ 150 minutes of Asking Moderate PA/week or : ≥ for: 60 minutes of strenuous Frequenc PA/week; insufficiently y and active: < 150 minutes of duration moderate PA/week and < 60 minutes of strenuous PA/weekMeasurement unit: Proportion (%) of active, insufficiently active individuals DS Mina, MK N = 26- Canada Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of Relative N/A Connor, SM period: Frequency of mild × 3 + adherence to ranking Alibhai, P Mean age: 72 Last frequency of moderate × exercise program Toren, C week 5 + frequency of Guglietti, AG 0% ♀ strenuous × 9 Matthew, J Asking Trachtenberg Type of cancer: for: Measurement unit: and P Ritvo Prostate Frequenc LSI (arbitrary units) [146] y R Musanti N = 42- USA Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Served as a Relative Experimental64 [147] period: Not specified control variable in ranking conditions Mean age: 51 Not the analyses specified Measurement unit: 100% ♀ METs × hours/week Assessment of Asking baseline Type of cancer: for: equivalence of the Breast Frequenc treatment and y and comparison groups duration JM Norris, NJ N = 17- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative Quality of life Moules, G Transversal period: Frequency of mild + association ranking Pelletier and Mean age: 14 Last frequency of moderate + between PA and Family members SN Culos- month frequency of strenuous health-related Reed [148] 53% ♀ outcomes Asking Frequency × duration of Type of cancer: for: mild + frequency × Identify correlates Leukemia, central Frequenc duration of moderate + of PA nervous system, y and frequency × duration of lymphoma duration strenuousFrequency × duration/60 of mild × 3 + frequency × duration/60 of moderate × 5 + frequency × duration/60 of strenuous × 9Measurement unit: Number of LTPA cessions (frequency)/weekMinutes/weekMETs × hours/week E O'Carroll N = 352- USA Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Outcome of an Relative Experimental Bantum, CL period: Frequency × duration of intervention ranking conditions Albright, KK Mean age: 51 Not moderate + frequency × White, JL specified duration of strenuous Berenberg, G 82% ♀65 Layi, PL Asking Frequency × duration of Ritter, D Mean for: mild; moderate; and Laurent, K education level Frequenc strenuous Plant and K y and Lorig [149] of 16 years duration Measurement unit: Minutes/week Type of cancer: Breast, ovarian, uterine, and others EA Olson, SP N = 483- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Classification Fatigue Mullen, LQ transversal period: Meeting PA of PA Rogers, KS Mean age: 63 Last recommendations: Cancer- Courneya, S month Active: ≥ 150 minutes of related/medical Verhulst and 100% ♀ MVPA/week; variables E McAuley Asking Insufficiently active: < [150] 47% for: 150 minutes of Socio- started/completed Frequenc MVPA/week demographic college/university y and variables duration Measurement unit: Type of cancer: Proportion (%) of active, Social cognitive Breast insufficiently active theory constructs individuals LB Packel, N = 96- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Fatigue AW Prehn, transversal period: Frequency × duration of of PA ranking CL Anderson Mean age: 66 Last moderate + frequency × Cancer- and PL Fisher month minutes of strenuous × 2 Assessment of PA Classification related/medical [151] ♀: not reported patterns during variables Asking Meeting PA cancer experience Mean number of for: recommendations: Socio- years of Frequenc Active: ≥ 150 minutes of demographic education: 15 yr. y and moderate PA/week or ≥ variables duration 75 minutes of strenuous Type of cancer: PA/week; Theory of Colorectal Insufficiently active: 1- planned behavior 149 minutes of moderate constructs PA/week and 1-74 minutes of strenuous PA/week; No weekly MVPA: 0 minutes of moderate and 66 strenuous PA/week.Measurement unit: Minutes/week Proportion (%) of active, insufficiently active, and no weekly MVPA individuals RJ Paxton, N = 380- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative Quality of life LW Jones, Transversal period: Frequency of mild × 3 + association ranking PM Rosoff, M Mean age: 18 Not frequency of moderate × between PA and Bonner, JL specified 5 + frequency of health-related Ater and W 100% ♀ strenuous × 9 outcomes Demark- Asking Wahnefried Type of cancer: for: Measurement unit: [152] Leukemia, Frequenc LSI (arbitrary units) lymphoma, y central nervous system CJ Peddle, HJ N = 413- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of PA Relative Time Au and KS retrospective period: Frequency × duration of patterns during ranking Courneya Mean age: 61 Typical moderate + frequency × cancer experience Fatigue [153] week- duration of strenuous Classification 46% ♀ Examine the Quality of life a) Before Frequency × duration of association 52% completed diagnosis moderate; and strenuous between PA and college education health-related b) Measurement unit: outcomes Type of cancer: During Minutes/week Colorectal treatment Scoring algorithm: Last Meeting PA month- recommendations: c) After Active: ≥ 150 minutes of treatment moderate PA/week or ≥ 60 minutes of strenuous Asking PA/week; for: Insufficiently active: < Frequenc 150 minutes of moderate y and PA/week and < 60 67 duration minutes of strenuous PA/weekMeasurement unit: Proportion (%) of active, insufficiently active individuals CJ Peddle, N = 413- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Classification Cancer- RC transversal period: Meeting PA of PA related/medical Plotnikoff, Mean age: 61 Last recommendations: variables TC Wild, H-J month Active: ≥ 150 minutes of Au and KS 46% ♀ moderate PA/week or ≥ Self- Courneya Asking 60 minutes of strenuous determination [154] 52% completed for: PA/week; theory constructs college education Frequenc Insufficiently active: < y and 150 minutes of moderate Socio- Type of cancer: duration PA/week and < 60 demographic Colorectal minutes of strenuous variables PA/week; No exercise: 0 minute of MVPAMeasurement unit: Proportion (%) of active, insufficiently active and no exercise individuals C Peeters, A N = 66- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Describe study Classification Exercise Stewart, R transversal period: Frequency × duration of sample in terms of programming Segal, E Mean age: 63 Last moderate + frequency × LTPA and counselling Wouterloot, month duration of strenuous preferences CG Scott and 22% ♀ Investigate T Aubry Asking Meeting PA exercise [155] Type of cancer: for: recommendations: programming and Breast, colorectal, Frequenc Active: ≥ 150 minutes of counselling prostate y and MVPA; preferences duration Insufficiently active: < 150 minutes of MVPA/week Measurement unit: 68 Minutes/weekProportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals HY Perkins, N = 20- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Eligibility Classification N/A AJ Waters, longitudinal period: Meeting PA criterion GP Baum and Mean age: not Typical recommendations: KM Basen- specified week- Active: ≥ 150 minutes of Engquist Last 6 MVPA/week; [156] 100% ♀ months insufficiently active: < 150 minutes of Type of cancer: Asking MVPA/week Endometrial for: Frequenc Measurement unit: y and Proportion (%) of active duration and insufficiently active individual FM Perna, L N = 51- Canada Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative Experimental Craft, KM period: Frequency of mild × 3 + association ranking conditions Freund, G Mean age: 51 Last frequency of moderate × between PA and Skrinar, M week 5 + frequency of health-related Stone, L 100% ♀ strenuous × 9 outcomes Kachnic, C Asking Youren and Type of cancer: for: Measurement unit: Outcome of an TA Battaglia Breast Frequenc LSI (arbitrary units) intervention [157] y EJ Philip, EJ N = 175- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Investigate Classification Exercise Coups, MB transversal period: Meeting PA exercise programming Feinstein, BJ Mean age: 69 Not recommendations: programming and and counselling Park, DJ specified Active: ≥ 150 minutes of counselling preferences Wilson and JS 63% ♀ MVPA/week; preferences Ostroff [158] Asking Insufficiently active: > 0 50% completed for: and < 150 minutes of college/university Frequenc MVPA/week; y and Sedentary: 0 minutes of Type of cancer: duration MVPA Lung Measurement unit: Proportion (%) of active, 69 insufficiently active and sedentary KM Phillips, N = 288- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative Sleep HS Jim, KA transversal period: Frequency × duration of association ranking Donovan, MC Mean age: 57 Last mild + frequency × between PA and Pinder- week duration of moderate + health-related Schenck and 65% ♀ frequency × duration of outcomes PB Jacobsen Asking strenuous [159] 40% completed for: college education Frequenc Measurement unit: y and Minutes/week Type of cancer: duration Breast, lung, bladder, and other cancers SM Phillips N = 1527- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Depression and E longitudinal period: Frequency of mild × 3 + of PA ranking McAuley Mean age: 56 Last frequency of moderate × Fatigue [160] week 5 + frequency of 100% ♀ strenuous × 9 Self-efficacy Asking 67% completed for: Measurement unit: college education Frequenc LSI (arbitrary units) y Type of cancer: Breast SM Phillips N = 1527- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative Fatigue and E longitudinal period: Frequency of mild × 3 + association ranking McAuley Mean age: 56 Last frequency of moderate × between PA and Social cognitive [161] week 5 + frequency of health-related theory constructs 100% ♀ strenuous × 9 outcomes Asking 67% completed for: Measurement unit: Part of a latent PA college education Frequenc LSI (arbitrary units) score with y accelerometer data Type of cancer: Breast SM Phillips N = 1527- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative Quality of life and E longitudinal period: Frequency of mild × 3 + association ranking McAuley Mean age: 56 Last frequency of moderate × between PA and Health status70 [162] week 5 + frequency of health-related 100% ♀ strenuous × 9 outcomes Self-efficacy Asking 67% completed for: Measurement unit: Part of a latent PA college education Frequenc LSI (arbitrary units) score with y accelerometer data Type of cancer: Breast LQ Rogers, N = 59- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Alcohol use KS Courneya, transversal period: Frequency × duration of of PA ranking KT Robbins, J Mean age: 58 Typical mild + frequency × Depression Malone, A month- duration of moderate + Seiz, L Koch 17% ♀ frequency × duration of Role model and K Rao a) During strenuous [163] Mean years of the year Social cognitive education: 12 before Measurement unit: theory constructs cancer Minutes/week Type of cancer: diagnosis Head and neck Head and neck symptoms b) After diagnosis ; i.e., at the time of the survey Asking for: Frequenc y and duration LQ Rogers, N = 59- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative Depression KS Courneya, retrospective period: Frequency × duration of association ranking KT Robbins, J Mean age: 58 Typical mild + frequency × between PA and Fatigue Malone, A month- duration of moderate + health-related Classification Seiz, L Koch, 17% ♀ frequency × duration of outcomes Quality of life K Rao and M a) During strenuous Nagarkar Mean years of the year Examine the [164] education: 12 before Measurement unit: prevalence of PA cancer Minutes/week71 Type of cancer: diagnosis Head and neck Categorical score- b) After Scoring algorithm: diagnosis Meeting PA ; i.e., at recommendations: the time Active: ≥ 150 minutes of of the moderate LTPA/week or survey ≥ 60 minutes of strenuous LTPA/week; Asking Insufficiently active: < for: 150 minutes of Frequenc moderate /week and < 60 y and minutes of strenuous duration LTPA/weekMeasurement unit: Proportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals LQ Rogers, N = 58- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative Cognitive KS Courneya, transversal period: Frequency × duration of association ranking function KT Robbins, Mean age: 58 Last moderate + frequency × between PA and K Rao, J month duration of strenuous health-related Fatigue Malone, A 36% ♀ outcomes Seiz, S Asking Measurement unit: Sleep Reminger, SJ Mean years of for: Minutes/week Markwell and education: 13 Frequenc V Burra [165] y and Type of cancer: duration Head and neck LQ Rogers, N = 192- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Investigate Classification Exercise KS Courneya, transversal period: Meeting PA exercise programming S Verhulst, SJ Mean age: 64 Last recommendations: programming and and counselling Markwell and month Active: ≥ 150 minutes of counselling preferences E McAuley 100% ♀ MVPA/week; preferences [166] Asking Insufficiently active: < Mean years of for: 150 minutes of education: 14 Frequenc MVPA/week; sedentary: y and 0 minute of MVPA Type of cancer: duration72 Breast Measurement unit: Proportion (%) of active, insufficiently active sedentary individuals LQ Rogers, P N = 41- USA Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Outcome of an Relative Experimental Hopkins- period: Frequency × duration of intervention ranking conditions Price, S Mean age: 53 Last moderate + frequency × Vicari, R month duration of strenuous Pamenter, KS 100% ♀ Courneya, S Asking Measurement unit: Markwell, S Mean years of for: Minutes/week Verhulst, K education: 15 Frequenc Hoelzer, C y and Naritoku, L Type of cancer: duration Jones, et al. Breast [167] LQ Rogers, J N = 41- USA Correlation- Recall Scoring algorithm: Investigate Relative Exercise Malone, K transversal period: Frequency × duration of exercise ranking programming Rao, KS Median age: 65 Last mild + frequency × programming and and counselling Courneya, A month duration of moderate counselling preferences Fogleman, A 22% ♀ LTPA + frequency × preferences Tippey, SJ Asking duration of strenuous Markwell and Years of for: KT Robbins education: 12 for Frequenc Measurement unit: [168] 33% of the y and Minutes/week sample durationType of cancer: Head and neck LQ Rogers, N = 476- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Investigate Relative Exercise SJ Markwell, transversal period: Meeting PA exercise ranking programming KS Courneya, Mean age: 63 Last recommendations: programming and and counselling E McAuley month Active: ≥ 150 minutes of counselling preferences and S 100% ♀ moderate-to-strenuous preferences Verhulst Asking LTPA/week; [169] Mean years of for: Insufficiently active: < education: 13 Frequenc 150 minutes of moderate- LQ Rogers, y and to-strenuous LTPA/week; SJ Markwell, Type of cancer: duration Sedentary: 0 minute of S Verhulst, E Breast moderate-to-strenuous 73 McAuley and LTPA KS Courneya [170] Measurement unit: Proportion (%) of active, insufficiently active sedentary individuals LQ Rogers, E N = 192- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Clinical/medical McAuley, KS retrospective period: Frequency × duration of of PA ranking variables Courneya and Mean age: 64 Last moderate + frequency × SJ Verhulst month- duration of strenuous Fatigue [171] 100% ♀ a) Before Measurement unit: Social cognitive Mean years of diagnosis Minutes/week theory constructs education: 14 b) After Socio- Type of cancer: diagnosis demographic Breast ; i.e., at variables the time of surveyAsking for: Frequenc y and duration E Ruden, DA N = 243- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative All-cause Reardon, AD longitudinal period: Frequency × duration/60 association ranking mortality Coan, JE Mean age: 49 Since of mild LTPA × 3 + between PA and Herndon Ii, treatment frequency × duration/60 health-related WE Hornsby, 32% ♀ of moderate LTPA × 5 + outcomes M West, DR Asking frequency × duration/60 Fels, A Type of cancer: for: of strenuous LTPA × 9 Desjardins, JJ Brain (malignant Frequenc Vredenburgh, glioma) y and Measurement unit: E Waner, et duration METs × hours/week al. [172] D Santa Mina, N = 66- Canada Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of Relative Experimental SM Alibhai, period: Frequency × duration/60 baseline ranking conditions AG Matthew, Mean age: 76 Last of mild LTPA × 3 + equivalence of the CL Guglietti, week frequency × duration/60 treatment and 74 M Pirbaglou, 0% ♀ of moderate LTPA × 5 + comparison J Asking frequency × duration/60 groups Trachtenberg Completed high for: of strenuous LTPA × 9 and P Ritvo school: 67% Frequenc Outcome of an [173] y and Measurement unit: intervention Type of cancer: duration METs × hours/week Prostate D Santa Mina, N = 509- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Classification Quality of life CL Guglietti, longitudinal period: Meeting PA association SMH Alibhai, Mean age: 60 Last recommendations: between PA and Sexual AG Matthew, month Active: ≥ 150 minutes of health-related dysfunction R Kalnin, N 0% ♀ moderate LTPA/week or outcomes Ahmad, U Asking ≥ 75 minutes of Urinary Lindner and J Completed for: strenuous LTPA/week; incontinence Trachtenberg college: 40% Frequenc Insufficiently active: < [174] y and 150 minutes of moderate Type of cancer: duration LTPA/week and < 75 Prostate minutes of strenuous LTPA/weekMeasurement unit: Proportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals D Santa Mina, N = 36- Canada Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of Relative Experimental CL Guglietti, period: Frequency × duration of baseline ranking conditions DR de Jesus, Mean age: 65 Typical mild + frequency × equivalence of the S Azargive, week duration of moderate + treatment and Classification AG Matthew, 0% ♀ frequency × duration of comparison groups SMH Alibhai, Asking strenuous J 69% completed for: Trachtenberg, college/university Frequenc Meeting PA JZ Daskalakis y and recommendations: and P Ritvo Type of cancer: duration Active: Not specified [175] Prostate Insufficiently active: Not specifiedMeasurement unit: Minutes/week 75 Proportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals BC Serdà, P N = 36- Spain Pre-experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Outcome of an Not specified Experimental Monreal and period: Not specified intervention conditions A Del Valle Mean age: 72 Not [176] specified Measurement unit: 0% ♀ Not specified Asking Type of cancer: for: Prostate Frequenc y CE Short, EL N = 330- Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Clinical/medical James, C Australia transversal period: Frequency × duration of of PA ranking variables Vandelanotte, Last moderate + frequency × KS Courneya, Mean age: 56 month duration of strenuous × 2 Classification Quality of life MJ Duncan, A Rebar and 100% ♀ Asking Meeting PA Social cognitive RC Plotnikoff for: recommendations: theory constructs [177] 77% completed Frequenc Active: ≥ 150 minutes of college/university y and MVPA; Socio- duration Insufficiently active: < demographic Type of cancer: 150 minutes of MVPA variables Breast Measurement unit: Minutes/week Proportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals AE Speed- N = 600- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Classification Action planning Andrews, RE transversal period: Meeting PA of PA Rhodes, CM Median age: 65 Last recommendations: Clinical/medical Blanchard, month Above guidelines: ≥ 300 variables SN Culos- 42% ♀ minutes of MVPA/week; Reed, CM Asking Active: 150 to 299 Socio- Friedenreich, 51% completed for: minutes of MVPA/week; demographic LJ Belanger college education Frequenc Insufficiently active: 1 to variables and KS y and 149 minutes of Courneya Type of cancer: duration MVPA/week; Theory of76 [178] Colorectal Completely sedentary: 0 planned behavior minute of MVPA/week constructsMeasurement unit: Proportion (%) of above guidelines, active, insufficiently active and completely sedentary individuals AE Speed- N = 24- Canada Pre-experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Test the difference Classification Study Andrews, C period: Meeting PA in % meeting PA completers/ Stevinson, LJ Median age: 55 Last recommendation: guidelines drop-outs Belanger, JJ month Active: ≥ 150 minutes of between study Mirus and KS 100% ♀ MVPA or ≥ 75 minutes completers and Courneya Asking of strenuous PA; drop-outs [179] 78% completed for: Insufficiently active: < college education Frequenc 150 minutes of MVPA y and and < 75 minutes of Type of cancer: duration strenuous PA Breast Measurement unit: Proportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals DP Steensma, N = 359- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative Erythropoiesis- KV transversal period: Frequency of mild × 3 + association ranking stimulating Heptinstall, Mean age: 64 Last frequency of moderate × between PA and agents use VM Johnson, week 5 + frequency of drug use PJ Novotny, 44% ♀ strenuous × 9 JA Sloan, JK Asking Camoriano, J Type of cancer: for: Measurement unit: Niblack, JM Myelodysplastic Frequenc LSI (arbitrary units) Bennett and syndromes y RA Mesa [180] LE N = 63- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative Quality of life Stephenson, transversal period: Frequency of mild × prevalence of PA ranking DG Bebb, RA Mean age: 60 Last duration of mild × 3/60 + Social support Reimer and month frequency of moderate × Examine the Classification SN Culos- 48% ♀ duration of moderate × association 77 Reed [181] Asking 5/60 + frequency of between PA and 36% completed for: strenuous × duration of health-related college education Frequenc strenuous × 9/60 outcomes y and Type of cancer: duration Meeting PA Colorectal recommendations: Active: ≥ 10 Moderate-to- strenuous METs × hours/week; Insufficiently active: < 10 Moderate-to-strenuous METs × hours/weekMeasurement unit: METs × hours/week Proportion (%) active and insufficiently active individuals C Stevinson, N = 359- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Investigate Classification Exercise V Capstick, A transversal period: Meeting PA exercise programming Schepansky, Mean age: 60 Last recommendations: programming and and counselling K Tonkin, JK month Active: ≥ 150 minutes of counselling preferences Vallance, AB 100% ♀ moderate LTPA/week or preferences Ladha, H Asking ≥ 60 minutes of strenuous Steed, W Type of cancer: for: LTPA/week; Faught and Ovarian Frequenc Insufficiently active: < KS Courneya y and 150 minutes of moderate [182] duration LTPA/week and < 60 minutes of strenuous LTPA/weekMeasurement unit: Proportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals C Stevinson, N = 359- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Classification Quality of life W Faught, H transversal period: Meeting PA prevalence of PA Steed, K Mean age: 60 Last recommendations*: Tonkin, AB month Above guidelines: ≥ 300 Examine the 78 Ladha, JK 100% ♀ minutes of MVPA/week; association Vallance, V Asking Active: 150 to 299 between PA and Capstick, A 42% has some for: minutes of MVPA/week; health-related Schepansky post-secondary Frequenc Insufficiently active: 1 to outcomes and KS education y and 149 minutes of Courneya duration MVPA/week; [183] Type of cancer: Completely sedentary: 0 Ovarian minute of MVPA/week*Minutes of strenuous LTPA were multiplied by 2 Measurement unit: Proportion (%) of above guidelines, active, insufficiently active and completely sedentary individuals C Stevinson, N = 359- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Classification Anxiety H Steed, W transversal period: Meeting PA association Faught, K Mean age: 60 Last recommendations: between PA and Depression Tonkin, JK month Above guidelines: ≥ 300 health-related Vallance, AB 100% ♀ minutes of MVPA/week; outcomes Happiness Ladha, A Asking Active: 150 t0 299 Schepansky, 42% has some for: minutes of MVPA/week; Fatigue V Capstick post-secondary Frequenc Insufficiently active: 1 to and KS education y and 149 minutes of Peripheral Courneya duration MVPA/week; neuropathy [184] Type of cancer: Completely sedentary: 0 Ovarian minute of MVPA/week SleepMeasurement unit: Proportion (%) of above guidelines, active, insufficiently active and completely sedentary individuals C Stevinson, N = 359- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Classification Clinical/medical K Tonkin, V transversal period: Meeting ACS PA of PA variables79 Capstick, A Mean age: 60 Last recommendations: Schepansky, month Above guidelines: ≥ 300 Socio- AB Ladha, JK 100% ♀ minutes of MVPA/week; demographic Vallance, W Asking active: 150 to 299 variables Faught, H 42% has some for: minutes of MVPA/week; Steed and KS post-secondary Frequenc insufficiently active: 1 to Theory of Courneya education y and 149 minutes of planned behavior [185] duration MVPA/week; completely constructs Type of cancer: sedentary: 0 minute of Ovarian MVPA/weekMeasurement unit: Proportion (%) of above guidelines, active, insufficiently active and completely sedentary individuals C Stevinson, N = 748- UK Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Clinical/medical A Lydon and transversal period: Frequency × duration of of PA ranking variables Z Amir [186] Mean age: 65 Last moderate + frequency × month duration of strenuous Examine the Classification Health status 68% ♀ prevalence of PA Asking Meeting PA Socio- 39% completed for: recommendations: demographic college/university Frequenc Active: ≥ 150 minutes of variables y and MVPA/week; Type of cancer: duration Active but below Breast, guidelines: 1 to 149 haematological, minutes of MVPA/week; prostate, and Inactive: 0 minutes of others MVPA/weekMeasurement unit: Minutes/weekProportion (%) of individuals meeting (Active), and not meeting PA guidelines (Active but below guidelines and 80 Inactive individuals) V Tillmann, N = 28- UK Case-control Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative Bone mineral AS period: Frequency of mild × 3 + association ranking density volume Darlington, C Mean age: 11 Typical frequency of moderate × between PA and Eiser, NJ week 5 + frequency of health-related Bishop and 39% ♀ strenuous × 9 outcomes HA Davies Asking [187] Type of cancer: for: Measurement unit: Leukemia Frequenc LSI (arbitrary units) y L Trinh, RC N = 703- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Classification Fatigue Plotnikoff, transversal period: Meeting PA prevalence of PA RE Rhodes, S Mean age: 65 Last recommendations*: Quality of life North and KS month Above guidelines: ≥ 300 Examine the Courneya 37% ♀ minutes of MVPA/week; association [188] Asking active: 150 to 299 between PA and 40% completed for: minutes of MVPA/week; health-related college education Frequenc Insufficiently active: 1 to outcomes y and 149 minutes of Type of cancer: duration MVPA/week; Kidney Completely sedentary: 0 minute of MVPA/week*Minutes of strenuous LTPA were multiplied by 2Measurement unit: Proportion (%) of above guidelines, active, insufficiently active and completely sedentary individuals L Trinh, RC N = 703- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Classification Clinical/medical Plotnikoff, transversal period: Meeting PA of PA variables RE Rhodes, S Mean age: 65 Last recommendations*: North and KS month Above guidelines: ≥ 300 Socio- Courneya 37% ♀ minutes of MVPA/week; demographic [189] Asking Active: 150 to 299 variables 40% completed for: minutes of MVPA/week; 81 college education Frequenc insufficiently active: 1 to Theory of y and 149 minutes of planned behavior Type of cancer: duration MVPA/week; constructs Kidney Completely sedentary: 0 minute of MVPA/week*Minutes of strenuous LTPA were multiplied by 2 Measurement unit: Proportion (%) of above guidelines, active, insufficiently active and completely sedentary individuals L Trinh, RC N = 703- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Investigate Classification Exercise Plotnikoff, transversal period: Meeting PA exercise programming RE Rhodes, S Mean age: 65 Last recommendations*: programming and and counselling North and KS month Above guidelines: ≥ 300 counselling preferences Courneya 37% ♀ minutes of MVPA/week; preferences [190] Asking Active: 150 to 299 40% completed for: minutes of MVPA/week; college education Frequenc Insufficiently active: 1 to y and 149 minutes of Type of cancer: duration MVPA/week; Kidney Completely sedentary: 0 minute of MVPA/week*Minutes of strenuous LTPA were multiplied by 2 Measurement unit: Proportion (%) of above guidelines, active, insufficiently active and completely sedentary individuals L Trinh, RC N = 540- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Classification Quality of life82 Plotnikoff, transversal period: Meeting PA association RE Rhodes, S Mean age: 63 Last recommendations*: between PA and Sitting time North and KS month Above guidelines: ≥ 300 health-related Courneya 37% ♀ minutes of MVPA/week; outcomes [191] Asking Active: 150 to 299 41% completed for: minutes of MVPA/week; college education Frequenc Insufficiently active: 1 to y and 149 minutes of Type of cancer: duration MVPA/week; Kidney Completely sedentary: 0 minute of MVPA/week*Minutes of strenuous LTPA were multiplied by 2 Measurement unit: Proportion (%) of above guidelines, active, insufficiently active and completely sedentary individuals L Trinh, RC N = 32- Canada Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Outcome of an Relative Experimental Plotnikoff, period: Frequency × duration of intervention ranking conditions RE Rhodes, S Mean age: 62 Last moderate + frequency × North and KS month duration of strenuous × 2 Classification Courneya 50% ♀ [192] Asking Frequency × duration of 44% completed for: moderate; and strenuous college/university Frequenc y and Type of cancer: duration Meeting PA Kidney recommendations: Active: ≥ 150 minutes of moderate PA/week or ≥ 75 minutes of strenuous PA/week; Insufficiently active: < 150 minutes of moderate PA/week and < 75 83 minutes of strenuous PA/weekMeasurement unit: Minutes/weekProportion (%) of active, insufficiently active individuals A Tyrrell, M N = 239- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Investigate Classification Exercise Keats and CM transversal period: Meeting PA exercise programming Blanchard Mean age: 53 Last recommendations*: programming and and counselling [193] week Above guidelines: ≥ 300 counselling preferences 100% ♀ minutes of MVPA/week; preferences Asking Active: 150 to 299 Type of cancer: for: minutes of MVPA/week; Cervical, ovarian, Frequenc Insufficiently active: 1 to uterine, vaginal y and 149 minutes of duration MVPA/week; Completely sedentary: 0 minute of MVPA/week*Minutes of strenuous LTPA were multiplied by 2Measurement unit: Proportion (%) of above guidelines, active, insufficiently active and completely sedentary individuals M Valenti, G N = 212- Italy Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of PA Relative Quality of life Porzio, F retrospective period: Frequency × duration of patterns during ranking Aielli, L Mean age: 55 Typical mild + frequency × cancer experience Verna, K week- duration of moderate + Cannita, R 100% ♀ frequency × duration of Examine the Manno, F a) Before strenuous association Masedu, P 11% completed diagnosis between PA and Marchetti and graduate Frequency × duration of health-related 84 C Ficorella education b) mild; moderate; and outcomes [194] During strenuous Type of cancer: treatment Breast Measurement unit: c) After Minutes/week treatmentAsking for: Frequenc y and duration J Vallance, C N = 524- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Investigate Relative Exercise Lavallee, N retrospective period: Frequency × duration of exercise ranking programming Culos-Reed Mean age: 62 Last moderate + frequency × programming and and counselling and M month- duration of strenuous. counselling preferences Trudeau [195] 100% ♀ preferences a) Before Measurement unit: 50% complete diagnosis Minutes/week graduate education b) During Type of cancer: treatment Breast c) After treatmentAsking for: Frequenc y and duration J Vallance, N = 377- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Classification Clinical/medical RC longitudinal period: Meeting PA of PA variables Plotnikoff, Mean age: 58 Last 6 recommendations: KH Karvinen, months Active: ≥ 150 minutes of Socio- JR Mackey 100% ♀ MVPA/week; demographic and KS Asking Insufficiently active: < variables Courneya 30% complete for: 150 minutes of [196] graduate Frequenc MVPA/week Theory of85 education y and planned behavior duration Measurement unit: constructs Type of cancer: Proportion (%) of active Breast and insufficiently active individuals JK Vallance, N = 377- Canada Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Outcome of an Relative Experimental KS Courneya, period: Frequency × duration of intervention ranking conditions RC Mean age: 58 Last 6 moderate LTPA + Plotnikoff, I months frequency × duration of Test the difference Dinu and JR 100% ♀ strenuous LTPA in MVPA between Mackey [197] Asking completers and 30% complete for: Measurement unit: drop-outs graduate Frequenc Minutes/week education y and duration Type of cancer: Breast JK Vallance, N = 524- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Self-efficacy C Lavallee, transversal period: Frequency × minutes of of PA ranking NS Culos- Mean age: 62 Last moderate + frequency × Theory of Reed and MG months minutes of strenuous planned behavior Trudeau [198] 100% ♀ LTPA. constructs Asking Type of cancer: for: Measurement unit: Breast Frequenc Minutes/week y and duration JK Vallance, N = 524- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of PA Relative Fatigue CM Lavallee, retrospective period: Frequency × duration of patterns during ranking NS Culos- Mean age: 62 Last mild + frequency × cancer experience Quality of life Reed and MG months- duration of moderate + Classification Trudeau [199] 100% ♀ frequency × duration of Examine the Time a) Before strenuous; association 41% completed diagnosis between PA and graduate Frequency × duration of health-related education b) mild; moderate; and outcomes During strenuous Type of cancer: treatment Breast Meeting PA c) After recommendations:86 treatment Active: ≥ 30 minutes of moderate LTPA for ≥ 5 Asking days/week or ≥ 20 for: minutes of moderate Frequenc LTPA for ≥ 3 days/week; y and Insufficiently active: not duration meeting the above guidelinesMeasurement unit: Minutes/weekProportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals JKH N = 438- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of PA Relative Fatigue Vallance, KS retrospective period: Frequency × duration of patterns during ranking Courneya, Mean age: 61 Last mild + frequency × cancer experience Quality of life LW Jones and months- duration of moderate + Classification T Reiman 48% ♀ frequency × duration of Examine the Time [200] a) Before strenuous; association 45% completed diagnosis between PA and graduate Frequency × duration of health-related education b) mild; moderate; and outcomes During strenuous Type of cancer: treatment Non-Hodgkin’s Meeting PA lymphoma c) After recommendations: treatment Active: ≥ 150 minutes of MVPA/week; Asking Insufficiently active: < for: 150 minutes of Frequenc MVPA/week y and duration Measurement unit: Minutes/weekProportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals87 JKH N = 438- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Investigate Relative Exercise Vallance, KS transversal period: Frequency of mild; exercise ranking programming Courneya, Mean age: 61 Last moderate; and strenuous programming and and counselling LW Jones and month counselling Classification preferences T Reiman 48% ♀ Frequency × duration of preferences [201] Asking mild; moderate; and 45% completed for: strenuous graduate Frequenc education y and Meeting PA duration recommendations: Type of cancer: Active: ≥ 150 minutes of Non-Hodgkin’s MVPA/week; lymphoma Insufficiently active: < 150 minutes of MVPA/week Measurement unit: Number of LTPA cessions (frequency)/weekMinutes/weekProportion (%) of active and insufficiently active individuals JKH N = 377- Canada Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Outcome of an Relative Experimental Vallance, KS period: Frequency × duration of intervention ranking conditions Courneya, RC Mean age: 58 Typical moderate + frequency × Plotnikoff and week duration of strenuous Identify correlates Theory of JR Mackey 100% ♀ (mediators) of PA planned behavior [202] Asking Measurement unit: constructs 30% complete for: Minutes/week graduate Frequenc education y and duration Type of cancer: Breast JKH N = 377- Canada Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Assessment of Relative Experimental Vallance, KS period: Frequency × duration of baseline ranking conditions88 Courneya, RC Mean age: 58 Last moderate + frequency × equivalence of the Plotnikoff, Y month duration of strenuous treatment and Yasui and JR 100% ♀ comparison groups Mackey [203] Asking Measurement unit: 30% complete for: Minutes/week Outcome of an graduate Frequenc intervention education y and duration Type of cancer: Breast CG Valle, DF N = 86- USA Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Outcome of an Relative Experimental Tate, DK period: Frequency × duration of intervention ranking conditions Mayer, M Mean age: 55 Last moderate + frequency × Allicock and J week duration of strenuous Cai [204] 100% ♀ Asking Frequency × duration of 36% complete for: mild + frequency × graduate Frequenc duration of moderate + education y and frequency × duration of duration strenuous Type of cancer: All types of Measurement unit: cancer (excluding Minutes/week nonmelanoma skin cancer) V von N = 75- USA Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Outcome of an Relative Experimental Gruenigen, H period: Frequency of mild × 3 + intervention ranking conditions Frasure, MB Mean age: 58 Typical frequency of moderate × Kavanagh, J week 5 + frequency of Janata, S 100% ♀ strenuous × 9 Waggoner, P Asking Rose, E 40% complete for: Frequency × duration of Lerner and graduate Frequenc moderate + frequency × KS Courneya education y and duration of strenuous × 2 [205] duration Type of cancer: Measurement unit: Endometrial LSI (arbitrary units)Minutes/week VE von N = 45- USA Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Outcome of an Relative Experimental89 Gruenigen, period: Frequency of mild × 3 + intervention ranking conditions KS Courneya, Mean age: 55 Typical frequency of moderate × HE Gibbons, week 5 + frequency of MB 100% ♀ strenuous × 9 Kavanagh, SE Asking Waggoner 36% complete for: Measurement unit: and E Lerner graduate Frequenc LSI (arbitrary units) [206] education yType of cancer: Endometrial VE von N = 27- USA Pre-experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Relative Experimental Gruenigen, (prospective) period: Frequency × duration of association ranking conditions HE Frasure, Mean age: 60 Last moderate + frequency × between PA and MB month- duration of strenuous × 2 health-related Quality of life Kavanagh, E 100% ♀ a) outcomes Lerner, SE Baseline Measurement unit: Time Waggoner 33% complete Minutes/week Assessment of PA and KS graduate b) patterns during Courneya education During cancer experience [207] treatment Type of cancer: Outcome of an Ovarian c) After intervention treatmentAsking for: Frequenc y and duration VE von N = 120- USA Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Examine the Classification Quality of life Gruenigen, transversal period: Meeting PA association SE Mean age: 57 Typical recommendations: between PA and Waggoner, week Active: ≥ 150 minutes of health-related HE Frasure, 100% ♀ MVPA/week; outcomes MB Asking Insufficiently active: < Kavanagh, 38% complete for: 150 minutes of JW Janata, graduate Frequenc MVPA/week PG Rose, KS education y and Courneya and duration Measurement unit: 90 E Lerner Type of cancer: Proportion (%) of active [208] Endometrial and insufficiently active individuals Y-J Wang, M N = 72- Taiwan Truly experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Outcome of an Relative Experimental Boehmke, Y- period: Frequency of mild × 3 + intervention ranking conditions WB Wu, SS Mean age: 50 Last frequency of moderate × Dickerson and week 5 + frequency of N Fisher 100% ♀ strenuous × 9 [209] Asking 46% complete for: Measurement unit: graduate Frequenc LSI (arbitrary units) education yType of cancer: Breast M Wright, A N = 48- Canada Case-control Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Barriers Bryans, K period: Frequency of mild × 3 + of PA ranking Gray, L Mean age: 16 Typical frequency of moderate × Social support Skinner and A week 5 + frequency of Examine the Verhoeve 40% ♀ strenuous × 9 association Socio- [210] Asking between PA and demographic Type of cancer: for: Measurement unit: health-related variables Leukemia, CNS Frequenc LSI (arbitrary units) outcomes tumor, lymphoma y The case and control groupsC Wrosch and N = 177- Canada Correlational- Recall Scoring algorithm: Identify correlates Relative Goal adjustment CM Sabiston longitudinal period: Frequency × duration of of PA ranking constructs [211] Mean age: 55 Typical moderate + frequency × week duration of strenuous Examine the Emotional well- 100% ♀ association being Asking Measurement unit: between PA and Type of cancer: for: Minutes/week health-related Physical health Breast Frequenc outcomes y and duration A Wurz, C N = 8- Canada Pre-experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Outcome of an Relative Experimental Chamorro- period: Frequency × duration of intervention ranking condition/time Vina, GMT Mean age: 12 Not mild × 3 + frequency × Guilcher, F specified duration of moderate × 5 91 Schulte and 50% ♀ + frequency × duration of SN Culos- Asking strenuous × 9 Reed [212] Type of cancer: for: Central nervous Frequenc Frequency of mild; system tumors, y and moderate; and strenuous leukemia, duration lymphoma, and Frequency × duration of osteosarcoma mild; moderate; and strenuousFrequency × duration of mild × 3; Frequency × duration of moderate × 5; Frequency × duration of strenuous × 9Measurement unit: Frequency/week Minutes/weekMETs hour/week ANR N = 15- Canada Pre-experimental Recall Scoring algorithm: Outcome of an Relative Experimental Zahavich, JA period: Frequency of mild + intervention ranking conditions Robinson, D Mean age: 55 Not frequency of moderate + Paskevich and specified frequency of strenuous SN Culos- 0% ♀ Reed [213] Asking Frequency of mild × 3 + 80% completed for: frequency of moderate × college education Frequenc 5 + frequency of y and strenuous × 9 Type of cancer: duration Prostate Frequency × duration of mild + frequency × duration of moderate + frequency × duration of strenuous92 Measurement unit: Number of LTPA cessions (frequency)/weekLSI (arbitrary units)Minutes/week Note.1Only variables linked with LTPA measured with the GSLTPAQ were identified. 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The Use of the Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire in Oncology

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