<p>Study guide 1</p><p>1. Anthropology came about in Western civilization when? (page 6)</p><p>2. What are the 4 branches of anthropology? (page 9)</p><p>3. Define ethnology. (page 18)</p><p>4. What is a culture-bound theory? (page 20)</p><p>5. What is the research interest of an applied anthropologist? (page 9)</p><p>6. An ethnologist focuses on the study of… (page 14)</p><p>7. An interest in particular cultures and cross-cultural comparisons describes what </p><p> branch of anthropology? (page 18)</p><p>8. What are the goals of science? (page 19)</p><p>9. Give examples of a humanistic view of anthropology. (page 23)</p><p>10. How does anthropology provide basic skills for survival in the modern world? </p><p>(page 25)</p><p>11. Who founded the Women’s Anthropological Society? In what year? (page 8)</p><p>12. How many varieties of mammals exist? (page 4)</p><p>13. Which two countries were identified, by Haviland, as making moves toward same</p><p> sex unions? (page 26)</p><p>14. What does linguistic anthropology refer to? (page 11)</p><p>15. Why would an anthropologist construct the evolution of the big toe? What branch </p><p> of anthropology might do this? (page 9)</p><p>16. Define subcultural variation. (page 33)</p><p>17. Consider how culture is transmitted. (page 38)</p><p>18. Superstructure is about what? (page 39)</p><p>19. What are ways to know if a culture is integrated? (page 39) Study guide 1</p><p>20. What does adaptation mean? (page 45)</p><p>21. How does adaptation and culture relate to humans? (page 46)</p><p>22. Why can humans can live in the desert, mountains, and the artic successfully? </p><p>(page 45)</p><p>23. What are the functions of culture? (page 46)</p><p>24. What basic needs must a culture satisfy? (page 46)</p><p>25. Define ethnocentrism. (page 48)</p><p>26. “Successful cultures that satisfy the physical and cultural needs of the people,” is </p><p> suggested by ______. (page 49)</p><p>27. What is evidence of cultural behavior among “non human” animals? (page 36)</p><p>28. David Maybury-Lewis emphasized what? (page 49)</p><p>29. Why was Eleanor Burke Leacock, considered a pioneer in anthropology.</p><p>(page 41) </p><p>30. Define social structure.(page 39)</p><p>31. Consider gender issues and egalitarian. (page33)</p><p>32. Consider the conflictive nature of ethnicity regarding the Soviet Union and Russia</p><p>(page 34)</p><p>33. Consider the brain body ratio of Australopithecus (page 68)</p><p>34. How long ago did the brain reach its current size? (page 72)</p><p>35. What is the connection between early bipeds and animal protein consumption? </p><p>(page 70)</p><p>36. Define “Oldowan.” (page 70)</p><p>37. What does adaptation have to do with evolution? (page 56) Study guide 1</p><p>38. Jane Goodall (page 61)</p><p>39. Compare and contrast symbols and signals. (page61)</p><p>40. How are all languages organized? (page 90)</p><p>41. Define phoneme. (page 93)</p><p>42. Define allophones. (page 95)</p><p>43. Describe the method of “frame substitution.” (page 96)</p><p>44. Define kinesics (page 100)</p><p>45. Understand the field of historical linguistics. (page 102)</p><p>46. Define a language family (page 102)</p><p>47. What did Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf do? (page 107)</p><p>48. The increased risk of choking to death for humans is due to… (page 94)</p><p>49. Define linguistic nationalism…..consider examples (page 104)</p><p>50. Written language…oldest system ….how long ago? (page 114)</p>