<p>SBI4U Exam Review Biochemistry - (Chemical Basis of Life) - atoms, molecules, and chemical bonds - isomers, radiosotopes - organic vs. inorganic molecules - molecular vs. structural formulas - functional groups - major types of reactions (condensation, hydrolysis, oxid./reduction, neutralization) - linkages (ether, amide, anhydride, ester, phosphodiester, glycosidic) - acids, bases, buffers - biologically important molecules (carbo, lipid, protein, nucleic acid) - laws of thermodynamics - entropy - exergonic vs. endergonic reactions - enzymes as catalysts, activation energy, regulation of enzymes, factors affecting</p><p>Metabolic Processes (Cellular Respiration and photosynthesis) - metabolism, catabolism, anabolism - Glycolysis, Matrix rxns, ETS (steps, products, locations, reactants, quantities) and structure of mitochondria - aerobic vs anaerobic cellular respiration - NADH/NAD+, FAD/FADH2 (electron carriers/coenzymes) - fermentation (lactic, alcoholic), purpose of fermentation - entry of foods into metabolism (carbo, lipid, protein) - equation for photosynthesis and CR - chloroplasts and pigments - light-dependent rxns (steps, location, reactants, products) - light-independent rxns (steps, location, reactants, products) - NADPH/NADP+, RuBP (roles, locations) - cyclic vs. non-cyclic photophosphorylation - photorespiration - cellular respiration vs. photosynthesis - labs and assignments Homeostasis - homeostasis and feedback loops (positive and negative) - structure and function of neuron - thermoregulation, osmoregulation - gates and channels in the neuron - resting membrane potential - signalling in the nervous system (graded and action potential) - propagation of action potentials (non-myelinated vs. myelinated/saltatory conduction) - synaptic transmission - neuron and neuromuscular junction - divisions of the nervous system (sympathetic/parasympathetic, CNS/PNS) - exocrine vs. endocrine glands - classes of hormones - mode of action of steroid vs. protein/peptide/amino acid hormones - hypothalamus and pituitary gland - glands and hormones of the endocrine system</p><p>Molecular Genetics - scientists and experiments – history </p><p>- CENTRAL DOGMA - structure and function of DNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA - DNA replication - transcription - translation - genetic code (triplets, codons, anticodons)</p><p>- genetic mutations - know what your project was about! (ie gene therapy, genetic screening...) </p>