<p> Importancia de la Guerra ruso-japonesa y PGM</p><p>Nov 2005</p><p>Why did Nicholas II survive the 1905 revolution, but lose his throne in the February/March 1917 revolution? Nicholas II survived the 1905 revolution with his life and title intact, but not his autocracy. Concessions were granted in the October Manifesto, including the granting of a national duma. Reasons for survival included the fact that concessions were promised, the weak and divided nature of the opposition, and the support of the army. The first 1917 revolution resulted in the loss of his position - he resigned, (he was not killed until after the Bolshevik Revolution). Reasons for this defeat and the end of the Romanov dynasty, could include; failure of the concessions, especially the duma to live up to the peoples’ expectations; participation and losses in the First World War; loss of army support; growth and better organization of the opposition. [17+ marks] for in-depth analysis or different interpretations of the reasons.</p><p>Specimen</p><p>“The outbreak of war in 1914 postponed the downfall of Nicholas II but also contributed to his overthrow in the first 1917 Russian revolution.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Candidates will need to explain the relative weaknesses of Nicholas II after the 1905 Revolution and the failure of the Dumas, etc.; the weakness of the tsarist autocracy, an assessment of the character, policies and actions of the tsar – the extent to which his position was weak in 1914. How did the tsarist system change? Candidates could refer to Stolypin’s reforms, how the tsar could have backed the Duma and given some of the privileged sections of Russian society more concessions. Candidates then need to indicate that war in 1914 caused a wave of patriotic support for the tsar, but the events of 1914–1917 weakened both the tsar and Russia, as well as increasing support for the opposition. [12 to 17 marks] the relationship of the First World War between 1914 and 1917 and the downfall of Nicholas II is analysed in a structured and focused answer. [18 to 20 marks] an extra dimension such as different interpretations of the effects on Nicholas II are evaluated.</p>