<p> Coral Reef Biology 200 Exam 2 Study Guide</p><p> Describe three major types of symbiosis and distinguish between facultative and obligate relationships  Describe the symbiotic relationship between coral and zooxanthellae, coral guard crab and pocilloporid corals, petrogliph shrimp and Porites lobata, Epitome snail and mushroom corals, Podocotyloides stenometra (flatworm) and Porites, compressa, bacteria and coral (white band disease), sea anemone and anemone fish, cleaner wrasse and cleaning stations, and sea cucumber crab and sea cucumbers, Trapezid crabs and lace corals (Pocillopora damicornis)  Describe optimum growing conditions for corals  Discuss the different modes of sexual and asexual reproduction  Know the Phoenix effect  Discuss the advantages of hermaphroditicism  Contrast brooding with broadcast spawning  Discuss optimal conditions for synchronized spawning  Know how a coral polyp gets its zooxanthellae  Explain the seasonal differences of solar irradiance in the northern and southern hemisphere  Know the two factors that generate tides  Describe a spring tide and neap tide  Discuss the three tidal patterns found around the globe and what contributes to the tidal pattern  Discuss advantages and disadvantages to mass spawning  Know the reproductive cycle of Fungia scutaria  Understand how light intensity changes with increasing depth  Know the chemical equation for photosynthesis and respiration  Discuss primary productivity in an aquatic ecosystem  Know where the most productive and least productive marine environments are located  Describe types of organisms that are primary producers  Understand the calculations for Net Primary Productivity  Explain what the compensation depth is  Describe factors that affect primary production  Know how the biomass accumulation (standing crop) from primary production is measured  Discuss photoadaptation in corals  Describe the relationship between the ozone layer and ultraviolet light  Understand the effects UV light has on living things, in particular, corals  Discuss factors that contribute to the reduction of Ozone</p>