<p> The Use of Other Punctuation Marks in Written English Reference Sheet</p><p>Ellipses for Omissions</p><p>1. Use ellipses marks to indicate omissions in quotations. Do not place spaces before or after the ellipsis marks. For example:</p><p>President Franklin Roosevelt addressed the nation, "Yesterday, December 7, 1941...the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by...the Empire of Japan."</p><p>Place periods, question marks, and exclamation marks directly after the ellipses with omissions at the end of quotations. For example:</p><p>President Franklin Roosevelt addressed the nation, "Yesterday, December 7, 1941...the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked...."</p><p>Ellipses to Indicate Pauses and Interruptions in Speech</p><p>2. Use ellipses to indicate pauses and interruptions in speech. For example:</p><p>The little girl told Santa, "I want a doll, a bike, play food, candy canes...but I really want a little brother."</p><p>Single Quotation Marks with Quotation Marks</p><p>3. Use single quotation marks to enclose direct quotations inside direct quotations. For example,</p><p>Cornelia Funke introduces the character Snapper in Inkdeath with a dark joke: "Snapper emerged from the darkness and went over to the child. 'Yes, go on, take a good look!' he whispered to the little girl. 'That's really him—the Bluejay! He eats children like you for supper.'"</p><p>Single Quotation Marks with Translations</p><p>4. Use single quotation marks for the translation of a foreign word of phrase. Double quotation marks can also be used to enclose translations. For example:</p><p>Café au lait 'coffee with milk' is a French coffee drink popularized in America by New Orleans. The Use of Other Punctuation Marks in Written English 2</p><p>Slashes to Separate Alternatives</p><p>5. Use slashes to separate alternatives. Do not place spaces before or after the slash. For example:</p><p>Please buy ice cream and/or frozen yogurt.</p><p>Use hyphens to join alternatives that precede and describe nouns. For example:</p><p>I particularly enjoy the Tolkien-Lewis variety of fantasy literature.</p><p>Slashes to Represent the Word Per</p><p>6. Use slashes to represent the word per. Do not place spaces before or after the slash. For example: miles/hour (miles per hour)</p><p>Slashes with Abbreviations</p><p>7. Use slashes with certain abbreviations. For example: w/o (without)</p><p>Slashes to Indicate Line Breaks</p><p>8. Use slashes to indicate line breaks in poetry in quotations of less than four lines. Use colons and block quotations to quote four or more lines of poetry. Place a single space before and after the slash. For example:</p><p>Edgar Allen Poe begins "The Raven" with an eerie description of a man in a library: "Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary, / Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore..."</p><p>Slashes in Fractions</p><p>9. Use slashes to separate numerators and denominators in numerical fractions. Do not place spaces before or after the slash. For example:</p><p>1/2 The Use of Other Punctuation Marks in Written English 3</p><p>Slashes with Dates</p><p>10. Use slashes to divide the month, day, and year in the informal representations of dates. For example:</p><p>12/25/10</p><p>Interrobangs to Ask Questions with Excitement or Disbelief</p><p>11. Use interrobangs (?!) to ask question with excitement or disbelief. The interrobang combines the functions of question marks and exclamation marks. For example:</p><p>You paid how much for that haircut?!</p>