<p> Chapter 17: The West and the World</p><p>A. The West’s First Outreach: Maritime Power</p><p> i. New Technology: A Key to Power</p><p> a. New technological developments like the compass, new ships designs, and improved weaponry led to the possibility of ocean passages once thought impossible</p><p> ii. Portugal and Spain Lead the Pack</p><p> a. Henry the Navigator, a Portuguese prince, initiated the first voyages of discovery along the Atlantic coast of Africa during the fifteenth century.</p><p> b. Vasco de Gama first successful Portuguese captain to reach India in 1498.</p><p> c. Columbus started Spanish exploration in 1492</p><p> d. Magellan sailed around the world </p><p> iii. Northern European Expeditions</p><p> a. In late 16th century, sponsoring discovery voyages became popular</p><p> b. French reached Canada in 1534 and explored along the waterways there</p><p> c. England established colonies along the Atlantic Coast in search of passage to Asia</p><p> d. Dutch soon rivaled the Portuguese in Asian trade</p><p> e. British East India Company and Dutch East India Company played major role in colonizing.</p><p>B. Toward a World Economy</p><p> i. The “Colombian Exchange” of Disease and Food</p><p> a. Europeans brought new diseases killing many natives b. New world crops, such as corn and potatoes, grew very well in China and Europe</p><p> c. Europeans brought animals to America ii. The West’s Commercial Outreach</p><p> a. West dominated the seas, which gave the Europeans a monopoly of transoceanic voyages</p><p> b. Initially Europeans did not seize much territory as part of their trading initiative iii. Imbalances in World Trade</p><p> a. Spain and Portugal declined because of England, France, and Holland.</p><p> b. England, France and Holland exported manufactured goods in return for raw materials</p><p> c. Outside core region of Europe, there were areas dependent on world trade system. iv. A system of International Inequality</p><p> a. World trade system benefited merchants and European core.</p><p> b. Economy of the Americas relied on slaves v. How Much World in the World Economy?</p><p> a. Huge areas of the world retained their indigenous economies without the technological advances</p><p> b. Most of East Asia remained out of the world economy, except for trading firearms</p><p> c. At first Japan wanted to trade but then went into isolation from the seventeenth century till the nineteenth</p><p> d. The Muslim empires just allowed the Merchants into small enclaves within the city to trade. vi. The Expansionist Trend</p><p> a. Eventually many countries joined the world trade system b. India became a supplier of raw material</p><p> c. Eastern Europe became a supplier of grain for the growing western cities</p><p>C. Colonial Expansion</p><p> i. The Americas: Loosely Controlled Colonies</p><p> a. Spanish conquered Aztecs, and Incas</p><p> b. Portugal expanded in Brazil</p><p> c. Conversion of natives to Catholicism</p><p> d. France, Britain, and Holland colonized in North America</p><p> ii. British and French North America: Backwater Colonies</p><p> a. The more western colonies were located in British and French North America</p><p> b. European remained disinterested in them because they did not supply raw materials</p><p> c. Merchant class developed in colonies, when Britain attempted to regulate it a rebellion happened.</p><p> d. Colonist did not intermarry and almost had a total elimination of the indigenous population</p><p> iii. North America and Western Civilization</p><p> a. Colonists reproduce most of the patterns of Western culture</p><p> b. Canada was given to the British in the Treaty of Paris of 1763</p><p> c. Canadian and American colonists had a strained relationship</p><p> d. American colonies had a revolution in 1776</p><p> iv.</p><p> v. Africa and Asia: Coastal Trading Stations</p><p> a. Dutch created the Cape Colony b. Europeans did not colonize Africa until nineteenth century, and never really ventured into Asia</p><p> c. France and Britain had a contest to control trade with India that Britain won</p><p> d. Seven Years’ War began between the two with the British winning, expelling France from India vi. Impact on Western Europe</p><p> a. Western colonialism had a more dramatic effect on Latin America, than on Africa or Asia.</p>