<p>PRACTICAL #3 - NERVOUS SYSTEM Neuron: Cell body/Soma Axon Dendrites Axon terminal Synaptic End bulbs Nodes of Ranvier Myelin sheath Schwann cell Neurilemma Endoneurium</p><p>Spinal cord: Meninges and spaces Gray horns – anterior, lateral and posterior White columns - anterior, lateral and posterior Epidural, subdural and subarachnoid spaces Dorsal root, ganglion & ramus Ventral root, ventral ramus Gray commissure Central canal Rami communicantes Denticulate ligaments Cauda equinae Filium terminale</p><p>Brain: Cerebrum – cortex, lobes, sulcus, gyrus, longitudinal fissure, central sulcus, lateral cerebral sulcus, precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, lateral ventricles, third ventricle, fourth ventricle, corpus callosum, septum pellucidum, fornix anterior and posterior commissures choroid plexus within 3rd ventricle Pineal body/epithalamus Basal Ganglia –globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, putamen, insula Brain Stem – components (medulla, pons, midbrain) -cerebral peduncles -superior and inferior colliculus Cerebellum – left and right hemispheres, vermis Diencephalon - Thalamus, hypothalamus Mamillary bodies</p><p>12 cranial nerves and their locations & corresponding numbers</p><p>Meninges and spaces (see spinal cord)</p><p>Nerves through foramina: Incisive F. – nasopalatine nerve Cribriform plate – olfactory nerves (I) Optic canal – optic nerve (II) Superior orbital fissure – oculomotor, trochlear, abducens nerves (III, IV, VI), V1 branch of trigeminal (ophthalmic nerve) F. rotundum – V2 branch of trigeminal (maxillary nerve) F. Ovale and Spinosum – V3 branch of trigeminal (mandibular nerve) F. lacerum – greater petrosal nerve Greater palatine F. – greater palatine nerve Lesser palatine F. – lesser palatine nerve Stylomastoid F. – facial nerve (VII) Internal acoustic meatus – facial and acoustic nerves (VII, VIII) Jugular F. – glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory nerves (IX, X, XI) Hypoglossal canal – hypoglossal nerve (XII) Foramen magnum – medulla oblongata Mental F. – mental nerve Mandibular canal – inferior alveolar nerve</p><p>Peripheral Nervous System Cervical plexus – what spinal nerves? Brachial plexus – what spinal nerves? Lumbar plexus – what spinal nerves? Sacral plexus – what spinal nerves? Ulnar nerve Radial nerve Median nerve Musculocutaneous nerve (arm models) Superior trunk of Brachial Plexus Medial trunk of Brachial Plexus Inferior trunk of Brachial Plexus Ilioinguinal nerve Femoral nerve Saphaneous nerve Lateral Femoral Cutaneous nerve Obturator nerve (big leg model) Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve Sciatic Nerve Tibial nerve Common peroneal nerve Deep peroneal and superficial peroneal nerves Sural nerve Thoracic (intercostal) nerves PRACTICAL #3 - SENSES</p><p>Nose Superior, inferior and medial nasal conchae Nasal meatuses Olfactory nerves/tracts and bulbs Nasal cavity Nasopharynx Mouth Regions of taste buds on the tongue</p><p>Eye Eyelids or palpebrae – superior and inferior palpebra Palpebral fissure, lateral commisure (canthus) & medial commisure (canthus), lacrimal caruncle Eye muscles – superior rectus, inferior rectus, lateral rectus, medial rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique Anterior and posterior chambers & cavities of the eyeball Three tunics of the eye – vascular, fibrous, nervous Fibrous layer – sclera, cornea Vascular layer - choroid, ciliary bodies, suspensory ligaments, iris, pupil, Nervous layer/Retina – optic disc, macula lutea, fovea centralis, ora serrata</p><p>Ear Outer ear – auricle/ pinna, lobule, external acoustic meatus, external acoustic canal Middle ear – tympanic membrane, malleus, incus and stapes, auditory/Eustachian tube Inner ear – Cochlea, vestibule with utricle & saccule, semicircular canals, ampullae, round window, oval window, scala tympani, scala vestibuli, scala media (cochlear duct) spiral organ (Organ of Corti), tectorial membrane, basilar membrane vestibular membrane</p>