<p>Sociology Exam Review Sheet Looking glass theory Unit 1: Introduction to Sociology and Ophelia Effect Research Methods: Emergent Norm Theory</p><p>Sociological imagination Unit 3: Social Structure and Social How sociology differs / is related to/ other social sciences Stratification: Correlation v. Causation Standards for proving causation Status, achieved and ascribed Variables – dependent, independent, intervening Role - qualitative, quantitative Role Conflict and Strain: prioritization, Research Methods – qualitative and quantitative Compartmentalization - advantages and disadvantages of each Types of Authority - populations, random / representative samples - secondary analysis Groups: Statistical aggregates, social categories, The research process social groups Mean, median, mode Primary, secondary groups Reference groups Theoretical perspectives Social networks Functionalism – latent and manifest functions Conflict Social interaction theory: Symbolic Interactionism Cooperation Conflict Unit 2: Culture and Socialization: Social exchange Coercion Culture Conformity Society Nature v. Nurture (instinct v. learned behavior) Formal Organization/bureaucracies: Apparent Culture v. Deep Culture Characteristics Murdoch’s Cultural Universals Cultural Relativism Large Scale Social Structure:</p><p>Communication : Preindustrial societies: hunting and gathering, Instinctual v. Symbolic horticultural, pastoral, agricultural The Sapir – Whorf hypothesis Know characteristics and how they grant prestige Symbolic communication : signs, totems, Industrial Societies: body language, proxemics Characteristics Language – dialect, code switching In industrial: prestige = wealth + occupational status Social Mobility: Norms, values, folkways, mores, laws Closed systems (ex: Caste System) v. Open Systems Taboos Basic American values Stratification Formal / informal sanctions Income v. wealth Prestige Subculture: characteristics of American Social classes: know divisions, characteristics Welfare Reform / Disability Socialization Effects of social isolation: Genie Study Community v. Society: Role taking, anticipatory socialization Gesellschaft / Gemeinschaft Role of parents: Positive and negative reinforcement, Mechanical v. Organic solidarity punishment Peers in socialization Reference groups Effect of media Effect daycare</p>