7111111WIMMINIMIMIWIMMIIMWMwwwwwwwwwwimiwujiMMINMIIIIMINII-_ DOCUMENT RESUME ED 025 592 VT 004 963 Adaptation of Rural and Foreign Workers to Industry, International JointSeminar (Wiesbaden, December 10- a 1963). Final Report. International Seminars 1963-4. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris (France). SocialAffairs Div. Pub Date 65 Note- 223p Available from-OECD Publication Center, Suite1305, 1750 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D.C.20006 ($1.25) EDRS Price MF-$1.00 HC-$11.25 Descriptors-*Adjustment (to Environment), Adjustment Problems, *ConferenceReports, *Foreign Workers, *Industry, International Organization% Migration, *Rural Farm Residents.Rural Urban Differences. Seminars, Urban Immigration, Urbanization Identifiers-Economic Cooperation and Development Organization The major purpose of a seminar held in Wiesbaden,Germany, was to exchange experiences and views on the methods orexpediating adjustment of rural andforeign workers to industry. Major presentations for discussion were"Internal Migration" by Magda Talamo, and "International Migration" byEke Dimitras. Some conclusions were (1) Movement of the rural population and foreign labor intoindustry is significant, (2) Provisions should be made for adjustments to insure moreeffective employment of migrants, (3) The greatest adjustment problems arefor foreign groups moving Into industry, (4) Varied and great efforts are being madeby employers and unions to ease the movement ofpeople, (5) Systematic procedures are beingdeveloped, and (6)Adjustment programs must be adapted to new needsand problems. The appendixes contain five reports concerninginternal and international migration, adapting rural and foreign workers to industry, the roleof employers, and the role of trade unions. The conference was attended by 46 participantsfrom 17 countries and nine participants from international organizations.(DM) INTERNATIONAL SEMINARS 1963-4 - .. A a. INTERNATIONAL JOINT ShIlINAR Wiesbaden lOth-13th December 1963 Ny. FINAL REpORT 0 A ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMI"C COIOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ° A PARIS 19,65 ,a9 ED025592 INTERNATIONAL SEMINARS 1963-4 ADAPTATION OF RURAL AND FOREIGN WORKERS TO INDUSTRY, INTERNATIONAL JOINT SEMINAR/ Wiesbaden lOth-13th December 1963. U.S. DEPARTMENT Of HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE Of EDUCATION FINAL REPORT_,_ THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT.POINTS Of VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE Of EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY. Manpower and Social Affairs Directorate Social Affairs DMsion 2, Rue André-Pascal - Paris 16 1965 The Organisation for Economic Co-operationand Development was set up under a Convention .signed in Parison 14th December 1960 by the Member countries of theOrganisation for European Economic Co-operation and by Canada and the UnitedStates.Thrs Convention provides that the 0.E.C.D. shallpromote policies designed ; to achieve the hi,ghest sustainable econo;nic growth andemploy- ment and a rising standard of living in Membercountries, while maintaining financial stability, andthus to contribute to the world economy ; to contribute to sound economic expansion in Memberas well as non-member countries in theprocess of economic development ; to contribute to the expansion of world tradeon a multilateral, non-discriminatory basisin accordancewithinternational obligor:0ns. The legal personality possessed by theOrganisation for Eur, in Economic Co-o;reration continues in the 0.E.C.D.which came Imo being on 30th September 1961. The members of 0.E.C.D.are Austria, Belgium, Canada, Den- mark, France, the Federal Republic ofGermany, Greece, Iceland, Ire- land, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands,Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the UnitedKingdom and the United States. t TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction, by Solomon Barkin, Deputy to the Director for Manpower and Social Affairs 5 REVIEW OF REPORTS VID DISCUSSION AT THE SEMINAR Part I: Internal Migration, by Magda Talamo Introduction 13 1. The Situation 14 1.1 Identity and modes of internal migration 14 1.2 The process of industrialisation 18 2. The Problems . 24 2.1 Adaptation to work in industry 24 2.2 Social-cultural adaptation 30 2.3 Integration and assimilation 32 3. Action 35 3.1 Adaptation techniques 35 3.2 The role of employers and unions 41 Conclusions 43 Part II: International Migration, by Elie Dimitras Introduction 47 1. The Situation 48 1.1 The migratory streams 48 1.2 The state of the workers of rural origin 55 1.3 ;onclusion 57 2. The Problems 58 2.1 Introductory note 58 2.2 The interests of the emigration and immigration countries 59 2.3The attitude of migrants and of the receiving countries 62 2.4 Special questions 69 2.5 Conclusion 72 3 3. Methods of Adaptation 73 3.1 Preliminary remarks 73 3.2 Preparation and departure of migrants 73 3.3 The migrants in the host country 78 3.4The return of migrants 89 3.5 Conclusion 90 4. The fLaiction of employers' and workers' organieations 91 4.1 Representation of employers and trade unions on economic and social poJicy-making bodies 91 4.2 The briefing of the departure and reception circles 91 4.3 The employers' organisations 91 4.4 Trade union organisations 92 4.5 International organisations 93 4.6 Conclusion 93 5. General conclusion 94 5.1 The migration situation 94 5.2Difficulties involved Jn migration 94 5.3 The attitudes of migrants and the host community 94 5.4 The study of techniques 95 5.5 The function of employers' and workers' organisations , 95 Final Statement of the Seminar 97 APPENDICES Report No.1 : Introductory report on internal and international migration of rural workers into industry 101 Report No.2: Techniques for adapting rural workers to industry, by Magda Talamo 135 Report No.3 : Techniques for adapting rural and foreign workers to industry. Part I : Elie Dimitras; Part II: Wilhelm Herbst . 167 Report No.4: Role of employers in adaptation of rural and foreign workers to industry, by Gunnar Lindstrdm 197 Report No.5 : Role of trade unions in adaptation of rural and foreign workers to industry, by Roger Louet 205 List of Participants 219 Table of contents of the supplement to the final report 228 4 INTRODUCTION by Solomon Barkin Deputy to the Director of Manpower and Social Affairs, and Head of the Social Affairs Division, 0.E.C.D., Paris The present seminar is the fourth organized by the Social Affairs Division in the year 1963 under its Programme for Employersand Unions. Three of the seminars dealt with problems of the labour market. The first, for trade union leaders, discussed the contentsand nature of an active manpower policy. The third, for both employers and unionists, discussed the problems of geographical and occupationalmobility, and the present one follows with a review of the methods of facilitatingthe adjustment of rural and foreign workers into industryand the urban community. The purpose of this seminar is to providea forum for the exchange of experience and views on the methods of expeditingadjustment thereby assisting both the Member countries and the Manpower andSocial Affairs Committee. The seminar on geographical and occupational mobility concentrated mainly on the transfer of industrial workers fromone job to another and dealt also with their transfer from one area to another. Occupational preparation and training,which are the means of facilitating theshift of industrial workers from one employment to another,were the central subjects of discussion. These subjects have become crucial as job changes are becoming increasingly frequent. The process of adjustment for the occupationally mobile involves preparation for the necessity anddesir- ability of change, counselling on the jobs to be selectedor sought, training in institutions or in the plant itself, and finallythe main- tenance of income and services during the period of the changeover to maintain their cpmpetence and morale, their receptivity for suchpre- paration and to provide for their dependents during the period ofre- training for new employment. Training of course presumes that there is a job for the person on completion of the course. The problems arising in the cour:e of the geographical shift of industrial workers from one area to another aremore complex. But the movement has been largely spontaneous and individual. On the whole, people have been expected to adjust on their own to thenew environment as best they could. Their prior experience in industry and life in urban society were presumed to permit them to make this transfer with minimum difficulties. The major issue has been that of developing the means for encouraging the movement itself, where it is laggard, through 5 financial aid to people making the change. The rationale for providing such assistance has been that the community could afford this expense since such a transfer would lead to a better geographi2al distribution of manpower, supply employees to enterprises with shortages and relieve the community of origin of the costs of maintaining unemployed people. Geographical movements of workers would thereby contributt to economic growth and avoid the personal and social problems resulting from un- employment and the intensification of the problems of distressed areas. In many places there was a second issue concerning geographical mobility. Inadequate housing for the newcomers had discouraged migra- tion and, where the movement had taken place, had interfered with their adjustment and raised the costs,thereby increasing pressures