<p> LIST of TERMS and CONCEPTS DEFINED for: D RAWING</p><p>TERMS:</p><p>1. Commissioned: Artwork that is strictly for profit or sale. 2. Foreshortening: Shortening objects that are pointed towards or away from the viewer to show depth on a flat plane. 3. Foreground: The area closest to the viewer in a composition. 4. Middleground: Area of a composition between the foreground and background. 5. Chiaroscuro: Showing volume by using extreme contrasts in light and dark. 6. Hatching: Small parallel lines used to create a variety of values. 7. Medium: Materials used to produce a piece of artwork. 8. Picture plane: The physical dimensions of a piece of 2-D art. 9. Crosshatching: Small parallel and perpendicular lines to create various values. 10. Gradation: Gradual change from light value to dark value. ======11. Thumbnails: Quick sketches that record ideas for future drawings. 12. Iconography: The symbolic meaning of the subject matter. 13. Patrons: The people who purchase commissioned artwork. 14. Contour lines: Outer edges of any 3-dimensional form defined by line. 15. Rendering: Shading or smoothing out values. ======16. Subject: The identifiable images in a piece of artwork. 17. Content: The message, idea, or feeling of a piece of art. 18. Asymmetry: One half of a piece is unbalanced with the other half. 19. Gesture drawing: Drawing that uses quick lines to capture gestures of a subject. 20. Positive space: The shape of the object that is the subject of a work of art. 21. Negative space: The area surrounding the positive space. 22. Ambiguous space: When the relationship between the positive space and the negative space is undefined. 23. Mixed media: Combination of media in a work (ink, graphite, paint, etc.) 24. Tooth: The texture of a sheet of paper. 25. Shallow space: A composition with little depth or feeling of distance. 26. Background: The area furthest from the viewer in a composition. 27. Line quality: The unique character of a line (relaxed, agitated, intense, etc.) 28. Line variation: The thickness or thinness, lightness or darkness of a line. 29. Diffused shadow: Shadows that appear fuzzy at their edges. ======30. Graphite: Pencil or drawings made with pencil. 31. Varying deg. detail: Making important areas more defined than others. 32. Cropping: Cutting off the subject at the edges of the picture plane. 33. Viewfinder: Device used as a window for framing the composition. 34. Point of view: Position from which the viewer of art is meant to look. ======35. Neutrals: Black, white, and all tones of grey. 36. Symmetry: One half of a piece is balanced with the other. 37. Still-life: Arrangement of non-moving objects in a work of art. 38. Scale: Relative size of an object compared to objects surrounding it. 39. Composition: The basic overall arrangement of a work. 40. Focal point: Area to which the artist directs the viewer’s attention. 41. Implied line: Technique used to manipulate the viewer’s eye towards focal pt. 42. Staffage elements: When supporting subjects are used to “frame” the focal point 43. Diagonal comp.: Movement from upper left to lower right is undesirable. 44. Lithograph: Printmaking technique where a design is drawn on stone or metal with a wax crayon. ======45. Mature Work: An artist’s most recognizable and popular style. 46. Deep space: A composition with great depth or feeling of distance. 47. Stippling: Using patterns of dots to show values and gradation. 48. Geometric shape: Shapes with clean, straight edges, such as triangles and circles. 49. Organic shape: Shapes with irregular edges, such as leaves or puddles. ======50. Aesthetics: One’s sense of beauty or visual preference. 51. Critique: Honest assessment of one’s own work or the work of others, designed to raise awareness. 52. Fixative: Clear chemical sprayed over a drawing to prevent smearing. 53. Tortillion: Small, tightly wrapped paper used to render drawings.</p><p>CONCEPTS: 1. The 3 major styles of art: Representational: Artist attempt to capture reality in the work. Nonrepresentational: Artist shows no recognizable objects in the work. Abstract: Artist distorts reality, but objects are still recognizable.</p><p>2. The 7 stages of light: Specific stages of light and shadow that define volume and space on a 2-dimensional plane. Light source: Point which emits the light itself (sun, candle, lamp) Light: The area of typical value on the subject. Highlight: The area of highest value on the subject. Shadows: The area of lowest value on the subject. Cast shadow: The area of dark value cast upon other surfaces. Core of shadow: The area of darkest value within the cast shadow. Reflected light: Light that is reflected from the main object to sur- rounding surfaces, or from surfaces onto the object.</p><p>3. Form versus function: Form refers to the way a piece of art is made. Function refers to why that piece of art was made. 4. The 6 ways that artists show depth: Overlapping: Size: Focus: Placement: Intensity and value: Linear perspective: STUDY GUIDE 1</p><p>1. Artwork that is strictly for profit or sale.</p><p>2. Shortening objects that are pointed towards or away from the </p><p> viewer to show depth on a flat plane.</p><p>3. The area closest to the viewer in a composition.</p><p>4. Area of a composition between the foreground and background.</p><p>5. Showing volume by using extreme contrasts in light and dark.</p><p>6. Small parallel lines used to create a variety of values.</p><p>7. Materials used to produce a piece of artwork.</p><p>8. The physical dimensions of a piece of 2-D art.</p><p>9. Small parallel and perpendicular lines to create various values.</p><p>10. Gradual change from light value to dark value. STUDY GUIDE 2</p><p>11. Quick sketches that record ideas for future drawings.</p><p>12. The symbolic meaning of the subject matter.</p><p>13. The people who purchase commissioned artwork.</p><p>14. Outer edges of any 3-dimensional form defined by line.</p><p>15. Shading or smoothing out values. STUDY GUIDE 3</p><p>16. The identifiable images in a piece of artwork.</p><p>17. The message, idea, or feeling of a piece of art.</p><p>18. One half of a piece is unbalanced with the other half.</p><p>19. Drawing that uses quick lines to capture gestures of a subject.</p><p>20. The shape of the object that is the subject of a work of art.</p><p>21. The area surrounding the positive space.</p><p>22. When the relationship between the positive space and the</p><p> negative space is undefined.</p><p>23. Combination of media in a work (ink, graphite, paint, etc.)</p><p>24. The texture of a sheet of paper.</p><p>25. A composition with little depth or feeling of distance.</p><p>26. The area furthest from the viewer in a composition.</p><p>27. The unique character of a line (relaxed, agitated, intense, etc.) 28. The thickness or thinness, lightness or darkness of a line. 29. Shadows that appear fuzzy at their edges.</p><p>STUDY GUIDE 4</p><p>30. Pencil or drawings made with pencil.</p><p>31. Making important areas more defined than others.</p><p>32. Cutting off the subject at the edges of the picture plane.</p><p>33. Device used as a window for framing the composition.</p><p>34. Position from which the viewer of art is meant to look. STUDY GUIDE 5</p><p>35. Black, white, and all tones of grey.</p><p>36. One half of a piece is balanced with the other.</p><p>37. Arrangement of non-moving objects in a work of art.</p><p>38. Relative size of an object compared to objects surrounding it.</p><p>39. The basic overall arrangement of a work.</p><p>40. Area to which the artist directs the viewer’s attention.</p><p>41. Technique used to manipulate the viewer’s eye towards focal pt.</p><p>42. When supporting subjects are used to “frame” the focal point</p><p>43. Movement from upper left to lower right is undesirable.</p><p>44. Printmaking technique where a design is drawn on stone or </p><p> metal with a wax crayon. STUDY GUIDE 6</p><p>45. An artist’s most recognizable and popular style.</p><p>46. A composition with great depth or feeling of distance.</p><p>47. Using patterns of dots to show values and gradation.</p><p>48. Shapes with clean, straight edges, such as triangles and circles.</p><p>49. Shapes with irregular edges, such as leaves or puddles.</p><p>======</p><p>50. One’s sense of beauty or visual preference.</p><p>51. Honest assessment of one’s own work or the work of others,</p><p> designed to raise awareness.</p><p>52. Clear chemical sprayed over a drawing to prevent smearing.</p><p>53. Small, tightly wrapped paper used to render drawings.</p>