<p> Physical Science CRT Study Guide Fourth Quarter 2007-08 This is not the test. It is a guide.</p><p>COS # Question 6.0 1 What does the size of the gravitational force between two objects depend upon? .</p><p>6.0 2 What happens to your weight as you get farther from the center of Earth? .</p><p>6.0 3 What happens to the gravitational force between two objects if the mass of one of the objects is . increased?</p><p>6.0 4 What happens to the gravitational force between two objects if the distance between them is . decreased?</p><p>6.0 5 What happens to the gravitational force between two objects if the distance between them is . increased?</p><p>6.0 6 What types of objects experience gravitational forces? .</p><p>6.0 7 Given two planets 5 inches, 5 yards, 5 feet, and 5 miles apart, which would experience the greatest . gravitational force? </p><p>6.0 8 Given two planets 5 inches, 5 yards, 5 feet, and 5 miles apart, which would experience the least . gravitational force? </p><p>6.0 9 Protons are positively charged. Like charges repel one another. What force prevents the protons . in the nucleus of an atom from scattering?</p><p>6.0 1 Which charged particles would repel one another? 0 .</p><p>6.0 1 Which charged particles would attract one another? 1 .</p><p>6.0 1 What type of force is involved in nuclear decay? 2 .</p><p>7.0 1 If the distance an object has traveled in a certain amount of time is known. What can be 3 calculated? .</p><p>1 of 15 Physical Science CRT Study Guide Fourth Quarter 2007-08 This is not the test. It is a guide.</p><p>7.0 1 A car travels 300 kilometers in 3 hours. What can be determined? 4 .</p><p>7.0 1 A ball rolls across a floor. The ball accelerates. What happened to the ball? 5 .</p><p>7.0 1 Identical forces are applied to two balls. One accelerates more than the other. What do we know 6 about the balls? .</p><p>7.0 1 Two vehicles, at the same velocity, have different kinetic energies. What do we know about the 7 vehicles? .</p><p>7.0 1 Two vehicles, of the same mass, have different kinetic energies. What do we know about the 8 vehicles? .</p><p>7.0 1 Two motorcycles start at the same location. They travel at the same speed for two hours but end up 9 in different places. What was the difference in their motion? .</p><p>7.0 2 A red vehicle goes from 0 m/s to 20 m/s in 5s. A blue vehicle goes from 0 m/s to 20 m/s in 4s. 0 Which has the greater acceleration? .</p><p>7.0 2 At the end of a game a basketball player on the winning team throws the basketball straight up as 1 high as he can throw it. At the top of its path, the basketball’s velocity is what? .</p><p>7.0 2 If an object is moving with constant velocity, what do you know about its acceleration? 2 .</p><p>7.2 2 A train travels 100 kilometers in 4 hours. Calculate its average speed. 3 .</p><p>7.2 2 A 300-N force acts on a 25-kg object. Calculate the acceleration of the object. 4 .</p><p>7.2 2 A 3,000-N force acts on a 200-kg object. Calculate the acceleration of the object. 5 .</p><p>2 of 15 Physical Science CRT Study Guide Fourth Quarter 2007-08 This is not the test. It is a guide.</p><p>7.2 2 A bird flies 150 m for 10 s, then 200 m for 10 s, and then 100 m for 5 s. What is the bird's average 6 speed? .</p><p>7.2 2 John is in Chicago, IL. He decides to head south to Austin, TX. In one hour, he travels 80 km. 7 What is his average velocity? .</p><p>7.2 2 A man applies a force of 500 N to push a truck 10 m down the street. How much work has been 8 done? .</p><p>7.2 2 Carl rides his bike north for 100 m at a constant speed of 5 m/s. What is his acceleration? 9 .</p><p>7.2 3 In the diagram below, a 20.0 newton force is used to push a cart a distance of 5.00 meters. How 0 much work is done on the cart? .</p><p>7.2 3 How much power does a person weighing 500 N need to climb a 3-m ladder in 5 s? 1 .</p><p>7.2 3 How much force is needed to push a 10 kg box 5 meters? 2 .</p><p>7.3 3 Two children with the same mass face one another while standing on their skateboards. If they 3 place their hands palm to palm and skateboarder #1 pushes as hard as he can, what will be the . result?</p><p>7.3 3 What object would have more inertia than a 5 kg object? 4 .</p><p>7.3 3 According to Newton’s First Law, any change in the object’s velocity is caused by what? 5 .</p><p>7.3 3 Whenever an object is standing still, the value(s) that is/are always zero is/are? 6 .</p><p>7.3 3 What law states that every object maintains constant velocity unless acted on by an unbalanced 7 force? .</p><p>3 of 15 Physical Science CRT Study Guide Fourth Quarter 2007-08 This is not the test. It is a guide.</p><p>7.3 3 What law states that for every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force? 8 .</p><p>7.3 3 What law states that the unbalanced force acting on an object equals the object’s mass times its 9 acceleration? .</p><p>7.3 4 When two balls collide, the momentum of the balls after the collision is explained by which law? 0 .</p><p>7.3 4 Why does a rolling ball eventually stop even if doesn’t hit anything? 1 .</p><p>7.3 4 A car hits a tree. Why does an unbelted passenger continue to move forward after the car has 2 stopped? .</p><p>8.0 4 Consider a stretched rubber band. What energy source most closely relates to the stretched rubber 3 band? .</p><p>8.0 4 Describe the energy of the pendulum as it swings in a downward direction. 4 .</p><p>8.0 4 A cart is traveling on a roller coaster. When does the cart have the greatest potential energy? 5 .</p><p>8.0 4 A cart is traveling on a roller coaster. When does the cart have the greatest kinetic energy? 6 .</p><p>8.0 4 Consider a man winding his pocket watch. What type of energy is being stored in the watch 7 spring? .</p><p>8.0 4 How does kinetic energy and potential energy differ? 8 .</p><p>8.0 4 Why does sandpaper get hot when it is rubbed against rusty metal? 9 .</p><p>4 of 15 Physical Science CRT Study Guide Fourth Quarter 2007-08 This is not the test. It is a guide.</p><p>8.0 5 How does the potential energy of a ball change as it drops to the ground? 0 .</p><p>8.0 5 As the kinetic energy of the molecules in a glass of water increase, what also increases? 1 .</p><p>8.0 5 What would cause an objects thermal energy to increase? 2 .</p><p>8.1 5 A sample of water is at 1˚ C. Energy is removed from the sample. Describe what will happen. 3 .</p><p>8.1 5 High temperatures most closely relate to what type of kinetic energy? 4 .</p><p>8.1 5 A substance’s temperature increases. Describe what is most likely to have caused the increase. 5 .</p><p>8.1 5 Low temperatures most closely relate to what type of kinetic energy? 6 .</p><p>8.1 5 A sample of water is at 1˚ C. Energy is added to the sample. Describe what will happen. 7 .</p><p>8.1 5 A substance’s temperature decreases. Describe what is most likely to have caused the decrease. 8 .</p><p>8.1 5 Ice cubes are left in the sun and melt. How has their thermal energy changed? 9 .</p><p>8.1 6 Water is placed in the freezer and eventually freezes. How has its thermal energy changed? 0 .</p><p>8.1 6 A crayon is left in the car window and melts. How has the thermal energy of the crayon changed? 1 .</p><p>5 of 15 Physical Science CRT Study Guide Fourth Quarter 2007-08 This is not the test. It is a guide.</p><p>8.1 6 A glass contains equal amounts of ice and water at 0oC. How does the thermal energy of the ice 2 and water compare? .</p><p>8.2 6 A pot of hot soup is placed in the refrigerator. What direction will thermal energy flow? 3 .</p><p>8.2 6 A solid at its melting point. The solid absorbs additional energy. Describe what will MOST likely 4 occur. .</p><p>8.2 6 Alex wants to change the state of a sample of matter. Describe what should be removed from the 5 matter in order to change its state. .</p><p>8.2 6 A liquid becomes a gas. Explain what molecular changes have occurred. 6 .</p><p>8.2 6 Ice is placed on the kitchen counter. What direction will thermal energy flow? 7 .</p><p>8.2 6 A rib-eye steak is placed in a hot iron skillet. What direction will thermal energy flow? 8 .</p><p>8.2 6 A can of Coke and a can of Sprite are pulled out of the refrigerator and are placed touching on the 9 counter. Both cans of soda were in the refrigerator overnight. What direction will thermal energy . flow between the cans?</p><p>8.2 7 A child rolls a snowball and holds it in her hand. Why does the snow ball melt? 0 .</p><p>8.2 7 A person injures their back playing basketball. A heating pad is applied to the injury. What 1 direction will thermal energy flow? .</p><p>8.2 7 A person injures their back playing basketball. An ice pack is applied to the injury. What direction 2 will thermal energy flow? .</p><p>8.3 7 Through which state(s) of matter is convection most likely to occur? 3 .</p><p>6 of 15 Physical Science CRT Study Guide Fourth Quarter 2007-08 This is not the test. It is a guide.</p><p>8.3 7 The type of energy transfer that takes place between objects in direct contact is called what? 4 .</p><p>8.3 7 What type of energy transfer can occur in empty spaces? 5 .</p><p>8.3 7 What type of energy transfer can occur when particles of a fluid move from one place to another? 6 .</p><p>8.3 7 Which type of energy transfer does not require the presence of matter? 7 .</p><p>8.3 7 What state of matter conducts energy best? 8 .</p><p>8.3 7 What must happen for conduction to occur? 9 .</p><p>8.3 8 What type of matter usually makes a good conductor? 0 .</p><p>8.3 8 What type of matter usually makes a good insulator? 1 .</p><p>8.3 8 How does energy from the sun reach the earth? 2 .</p><p>8.4 8 As the cat falls out of the tree, how does its potential energy change as it approaches the ground? 3 .</p><p>8.4 8 An object has kinetic energy. What is known about the object? 4 .</p><p>8.4 8 What actions would most likely increase the kinetic energy of an object? 5 .</p><p>7 of 15 Physical Science CRT Study Guide Fourth Quarter 2007-08 This is not the test. It is a guide.</p><p>8.4 8 Compare the following moving vehicles: a large truck traveling at 25 m/s, a large truck traveling at 6 30 m/s, a small car traveling at 25 m/s and a small car traveling at 30 m/s. Choose the vehicle with . the MOST kinetic energy.</p><p>8.4 8 Compare the following moving vehicles: a large truck traveling at 50 m/s, a minivan traveling at 7 45 m/s, a small car traveling at 30 m/s and a bicycle traveling at 10 m/s. Choose the vehicle with . the LEAST kinetic energy.</p><p>8.4 8 What actions would most likely decrease the kinetic energy of an object? 8 .</p><p>8.4 8 Johnny pushes on a rock, all day long, but it does not move. How much work did Johnny do? 9 .</p><p>8.4 9 What must force do to an object in order for work to be done? 0 .</p><p>8.4 9 Billy pushes a 5 Newton box 5 meters. Harry pushes the same box 10 meters. Who did more 1 work? .</p><p>8.4 9 A bowling ball and a marble are sitting on the same shelf. Which has more potential energy? 2 .</p><p>9.0 9 What is the difference between mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves? 3 .</p><p>9.0 9 Consider how electromagnetic waves travel. Their method of travel in most closely related to 4 what wave type? .</p><p>9.0 9 Two electromagnetic waves have the same amplitude, but one carries more energy than the other. 5 What characteristic of the wave(s) is different? .</p><p>9.0 9 What is the relationship between mechanical waves and vibrations? 6 .</p><p>9.0 9 What is the relationship between electromagnetic waves and vibrations? 7 .</p><p>8 of 15 Physical Science CRT Study Guide Fourth Quarter 2007-08 This is not the test. It is a guide.</p><p>9.0 9 Four wave types (radio, infrared, gamma, and ultraviolet) of the same amplitude pass through a 8 substance. Which wave type transfers the LEAST energy to the substance? .</p><p>9.0 9 Four wave types (radio, infrared, microwave, and ultraviolet) of the same amplitude pass through a 9 substance. Which wave type transfers the MOST energy to the substance? .</p><p>9.0 1 Of the following electromagnetic waves: radio waves, microwaves, infrared light, visible light, 0 ultraviolet light, X rays, and gamma rays, which has the highest frequency? 0 .</p><p>9.0 1 Of the following electromagnetic waves: radio waves, microwaves, infrared light, visible light, 0 ultraviolet light, X rays, and gamma rays, which has the longest wavelength? 1 .</p><p>9.0 1 Of the following electromagnetic waves: radio waves, microwaves, infrared light, visible light, 0 ultraviolet light, X rays, and gamma rays, which carries the greatest amount of energy? 2 .</p><p>9.1 1 What type of wave is created by squeezing together the coils of a spring and then releasing the 0 coils? 3 .</p><p>9.1 1 What type of wave is created in which the particles of the wave’s medium move only in the same 0 direction as the motion of the wave? 4 .</p><p>9.0 1 Wave A and Wave B are both mechanical waves and have the same wavelength. Wave A carries 0 more energy than Wave B. What characteristic of Wave A is MOST likely responsible for its 5 higher energy level? .</p><p>9.1 1 What type of wave is created in which the particles of the medium move at right angles to the 0 motion of the wave? 6 .</p><p>9.0 1 Wave A and Wave B are both mechanical waves and have the same wavelength. Wave A carries 0 less energy than Wave B. What characteristic of Wave A is MOST likely responsible for its lower 7 energy level? .</p><p>9 of 15 Physical Science CRT Study Guide Fourth Quarter 2007-08 This is not the test. It is a guide.</p><p>9.1 1 The area of a longitudinal wave where the particles are squeezed together is MOST like which part 0 of a transverse wave? 8 .</p><p>9.1 1 A scientist observes a wave that is made up of a series of compressions and rare fractions. What 0 type of wave is he observing? 9 .</p><p>9.1 1 A student observes a wave that is made up of a series of troughs and crests. What type of wave 1 was she observing? 0 .</p><p>9.1 1 A student observes a scientist measuring a wave’s wavelength from crest to crest. What type of 1 wave was the scientist measuring? 1 .</p><p>9.1 1 A student observes a scientist measuring a wave’s wavelength from one compression to the next 1 compression. What type of wave was the scientist measuring? 2 .</p><p>9.1 1 A student observes a scientist measuring a wave’s amplitude from the rest position to the crest. 1 What type of wave was the scientist measuring? 3 .</p><p>9.1 1 A student observes a scientist measuring a wave’s amplitude by the density of the compression. 1 What type of wave was the scientist measuring? 4 .</p><p>9.2 1 Sound waves have the same characteristics as what category of waves. 1 5 .</p><p>9.2 1 Compare the speed of light to the speed of sound. 1 6 .</p><p>10 of 15 Physical Science CRT Study Guide Fourth Quarter 2007-08 This is not the test. It is a guide.</p><p>9.2 1 Susie hears two (2) pitches, one higher than the other. Why is one pitch higher than the other? 1 7 .</p><p>9.2 1 Susie sees two (2) lights of different colors. Why does she see the different colors? 1 8 .</p><p>9.2 1 Susie hears a sound in which the loudness has increased. What has changed about the sound 1 wave? 9 .</p><p>9.2 1 Why can you not see your reflection in a rock? 2 0 .</p><p>9.2 1 The pitch of an approaching train whistle rises. Which wave behavior explains this? 2 1 .</p><p>9.2 1 Why does a radio wave carry less energy than an ultraviolet wave? 2 2 .</p><p>9.2 1 Waves change speed and bend when changing mediums. Which wave behavior explains this? 2 3 .</p><p>9.2 1 Compare the number of photons produced in a given amount of time for a 100 watt light bulb in 2 comparison to a 60 watt light bulb? 4 .</p><p>10.0 1 A student observes the behavior of a current-carrying coil of wire wrapped around an iron core. 2 What device is he observing? 5 .</p><p>11 of 15 Physical Science CRT Study Guide Fourth Quarter 2007-08 This is not the test. It is a guide.</p><p>10.0 1 Discuss what occurs when a wire is passed through a magnetic field. 2 6 .</p><p>10.0 1 Compare magnetic poles with electric charges. 2 7 .</p><p>10.0 1 Compare a permanent magnet to an electromagnet. 2 8 .</p><p>10.0 1 When does an electromagnet produce a magnetic field? 2 9 .</p><p>10.0 1 A student needs to increase the strength of an electromagnet. What must be done? 3 0 .</p><p>10.0 1 A student needs to decrease the strength of an electromagnet. What must be done? 3 1 .</p><p>10.0 1 A nail has become magnetic. What has happened to the nail? 3 2 .</p><p>10.0 1 Why will a compass needle move when an electric current is run through a nearby wire? 3 3 .</p><p>10.0 1 What kind of energy transformation occurs when a generator is used? 3 4 .</p><p>12 of 15 Physical Science CRT Study Guide Fourth Quarter 2007-08 This is not the test. It is a guide.</p><p>10.2 1 If a wire is in a magnetic field, will a current be produced in the wire? 3 5 .</p><p>10.2 1 How does an object become negatively charged? 3 6 .</p><p>10.2 1 When you rub a balloon on your hair, the balloon becomes charged by what process? 3 7 .</p><p>10.2 1 A negatively charged balloon near a wall will build up charge in the wall by what process? 3 8 .</p><p>10.2 1 What does the law of electric charges state? 3 9 .</p><p>10.2 1 Why does rubbing a glass rod with silk cloth make it positively charged? 4 0 .</p><p>10.2 1 What occurs in a battery to create an electric current? 4 1 .</p><p>10.2 1 How does induction charge a neutral object? 4 2 .</p><p>10.2 1 What is known about an object that has an electrical charge? 4 3 .</p><p>13 of 15 Physical Science CRT Study Guide Fourth Quarter 2007-08 This is not the test. It is a guide.</p><p>10.2 1 What usually causes static electricity? 4 4 .</p><p>10.3 1 Classify the following: a complete path through which electric charges can flow. 4 5 .</p><p>10.3 1 Classify the following: a material that allows the charges of an electric current to move freely 4 through it. 6 .</p><p>10.3 1 From a list determine which is an insulator and which is a conductor. 4 7 .</p><p>10.3 1 Given a 5 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm and a 25 cm diameter wire, which has the LEAST resistance? 4 8 .</p><p>10.3 1 Given a 5 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm and a 25 cm length of wire, which has the LEAST resistance? 4 9 .</p><p>10.3 1 What characteristics would give a copper wire the LOWEST resistance? 5 0 .</p><p>10.3 1 Given air, water, glass, and wood, which is a conductor of electricity? 5 1 .</p><p>10.3 1 A flashlight bulb has a potential difference of 4.5 V and a resistance of 8.0 Ω . Calculate the 5 current flowing through the filament. 2 .</p><p>14 of 15 Physical Science CRT Study Guide Fourth Quarter 2007-08 This is not the test. It is a guide.</p><p>10.3 1 How much current flows through a 2.0 Ω wire with a voltage of 12.0 V? 5 3 .</p><p>10.3 1 How much current flows through a 4.0 Ω wire with a voltage of 12.0 V? 5 4 .</p><p>10.3 1 A light bulb has a resistance of 240 Ω , when operating at 120 V. Calculate the current flowing 5 through the light bulb. 5 .</p><p>10.3 1 What is the SI unit for resistance? 5 6 .</p><p>10.3 1 A bulb has a voltage of 9.0 volts and a current of 0.30 amps passing through it. Use Ohm’s Law 5 to calculate the resistance of the bulb’s filament. 7 .</p><p>10.3 1 Wire A, a thick wire and Wire B, a thin wire are shown in the diagram above. Which wire has the 5 greatest resistance? 8 .</p><p>10.3 1 Resistance causes some of electrical energy in a wire to be converted to what energy form? 5 9 .</p><p>15 of 15</p>