<p> BIOL 1020 – ECOLOGY UNIT LECTURE NOTES Ecology</p><p>I. What is ecology?</p><p>A. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions between ______</p><p>A.1. term ecology comes from the Greek oikos, ______, and logos, to study</p><p>B. biotic and abiotic factors</p><p>B.1. What are biotic factors? Give examples.</p><p>B.2. What are abiotic factors? Give examples.</p><p>C. climate</p><p>C.1. What is climate?</p><p>C.2. What abiotic factors are the major components of climate?</p><p>C.3. What effects do bodies of water have on climate?</p><p>C.4. What effects do mountains have on climate?</p><p> Include descriptions of how elevation affects temperature, and of rain shadows.</p><p>C.5. What effects do seasons have on climate?</p><p> Describe what causes seasons; include the terms solstice and equinox in your description.</p><p>D. biomes</p><p>D.1. What are biomes?</p><p>D.2. aquatic biomes</p><p> List the major aquatic biomes and their defining physical features (there are 8, giving you space here).</p><p>1 of 6 BIOL 1020 – ECOLOGY UNIT LECTURE NOTES</p><p> define the following: photic zone, aphotic zone, benthic zone</p><p> Describe the process of turnover in a lake, and why it is important.</p><p> What is eutrophication, and what are some likely consequences of it?</p><p>D.3. terrestrial biomes</p><p> List the major terrestrial biomes and their characteristic vegetation types and climate (there are 8).</p><p> define the following: climograph, ecotone</p><p> Be sure that you can interpret a climograph (like figure 52.20).</p><p>II. population ecology</p><p>A. Population ecology is the study of populations in relation to ______</p><p>B. A population is:</p><p>C. define the following: density, dispersion, range</p><p>D. How does the mark-recapture method to estimate population size work? Include the formula and definition of the terms in </p><p> the formula.</p><p>E. What is demography?</p><p>F. define and be able to use/interpret:</p><p>F.1. life tables</p><p>2 of 6 BIOL 1020 – ECOLOGY UNIT LECTURE NOTES F.2. survivorship curves</p><p>F.3. reproductive tables</p><p>G. define and be able to use/interpret the exponential population growth model</p><p>H. define and be able to use/interpret the logistic population growth model</p><p>H.1. define and understand the terms K and r</p><p>H.2. describe K-selection and r-selection</p><p> What sort of life tables and survivorship curves would you expect for each type?</p><p> give examples of organisms of each type</p><p> If given a typical life history for an organism be able to categorize it as K-selected and r-selected.</p><p>I. List and describe six density-dependent factors known to affect population growth rates.</p><p>J. Describe how population cycles may be linked between predators and their prey.</p><p>K. Human population history and future </p><p>K.1. Be sure that you understand figures 53.22-26.</p><p>K.2. What was industrial revolution and how did it affect human population growth?</p><p>K.3. What is the demographic transition and how does it affect human population growth?</p><p>K.4. What is the global carrying capacity for humans?</p><p>III. community ecology</p><p>A. Community ecology is the study of ______</p><p>B. A biological community is:</p><p>C. describe the following interspecific interactions in general terms of the +/-/0 system</p><p>C.1. competition</p><p> define the terms (ecological) niche, resource partitioning, and character displacement</p><p>C.2. predation</p><p> Describe how these defenses can help animals avoid predation:</p><p>. camouflage 3 of 6 BIOL 1020 – ECOLOGY UNIT LECTURE NOTES . warning coloration</p><p>. Batesian mimicry</p><p>. Müllerian mimicry</p><p>C.3. herbivory</p><p>C.4. parasitism</p><p>C.5. mutualism</p><p> What is the difference between obligate and facultative mutualism?</p><p>C.6. commensalism</p><p>D. What is symbiosis? Which interspecific interactions are types of symbiosis?</p><p>E. What is keystone species and a pivotal niche?</p><p>F. What is a food web? How do energetic limits affect food webs/chains?</p><p>G. Describe ecological succession, primary succession, and secondary succession.</p><p>IV. ecosystems</p><p>A. Diagram the biogeochemical cycles of </p><p>A.1. water</p><p>A.2. carbon</p><p>A.3. nitrogen</p><p>A.4. phosphorus</p><p>4 of 6 BIOL 1020 – ECOLOGY UNIT LECTURE NOTES</p><p>B. Describe how biomagnification (biological magnification) of a toxin works in an ecosystem.</p><p>C. How we almost killed ourselves: the ozone hole story (see fig 55.25)</p><p>C.1. Describe the importance of the ozone layer.</p><p>C.2. Describe how human activities led to depletion of the ozone layer.</p><p>C.3. Describe what humans have done about the depletion of the ozone layer.</p><p>D. How we still might kill ourselves: global warming (see fig 55.21)</p><p>D.1. Describe the greenhouse effect and why CO2 is called a greenhouse gas.</p><p>D.2. Describe how human activities increase CO2 in the atmosphere, the logic behind how that leads to global warming, </p><p> and the evidence that global warming is occurring.</p><p>D.3. Describe what effects global warming may have. What is the feed-forward effect of thawing tundra?</p><p>D.4. Describe what humans have done about the global warming.</p><p>E. Define ecosystem biodiversity, species biodiversity, genetic biodiversity</p><p>F. Describe the value of biodiversity in</p><p>F.1. maintaining the global ecosystem and biogeochemical cycles</p><p>F.2. providing unique resources such as food, remediation, drugs</p><p>F.3. intrinsic value of biodiversity</p><p>G. The sixth extinction, or how we are killing lots of things and perhaps ultimately ourselves as well.</p><p>G.1. What is habitat loss and how is it affecting life on Earth today?</p><p>G.2. What are introduced species and how are they affecting life on Earth today?</p><p>5 of 6 BIOL 1020 – ECOLOGY UNIT LECTURE NOTES G.3. What is overexploitation and how is it affecting life on Earth today?</p><p>G.4. What is the sixth extinction? What can humans do about it?</p><p>6 of 6</p>