<p>Chapter 11, Review Questions ______</p><p>1. Briefly describe the characteristics of the mature stage of the life cycle of a thunderstorm cell.</p><p>2. Distinguish between a roll cloud and a shelf cloud.</p><p>3. What causes the anvil top of a cumulonimbus cloud?</p><p>4. Provide two examples of multi-cellular thunderstorms.</p><p>5. Describe how and why thunderstorm frequency varies with Earth’s surface characteristics.</p><p>6. Why are severe thunderstorms and tornadoes more likely in spring than winter?</p><p>7. Describe the flash-to-bang method of determining the distance to an approaching thunderstorm.</p><p>8. In the coterminous U.S., the number of reports of severe hail has increased exponentially since 1955. Explain why.</p><p>9. Describe the location and significance of tornado alley.</p><p>10. What is the basis of the EF-scale?</p><p>Chapter 11, Critical Thinking Questions ______</p><p>1. Although most thunderstorm cells complete their life cycle in 30 minutes or so, thunderstorm weather may persist at a specific locality for 6-12 hrs or longer. Explain why.</p><p>2. What causes the Florida thunderstorm maximum?</p><p>3. Describe the role of vertical wind shear in the development of a severe thunderstorm.</p><p>4. How are microbursts a hazard to aviation?</p><p>5. Flash flooding is most likely in an atmosphere that is precipitation efficient. What is meant by precipitation efficient?</p><p>6. What forces govern the wind speed and direction in a tornado?</p><p>7. What is the relationship between a mesocyclone and a tornado?</p><p>8. Describe the formation of a wall cloud and a mammatus cloud. 9. What combination of atmospheric conditions favors development of a supercell thunderstorm?</p><p>10. What causes a radar hook echo and what might it signify?</p>