<p> Chapter 7: Military Empires ~ Study Guide</p><p>Vocabulary to Know!</p><p> Empires – territories governed by a single ruler or nation </p><p> Litter – a carriage without wheels, carried by servants</p><p> Smelting – the process of heating iron ore and hammering out its impurities, developed by the Hittites</p><p> Provinces – political districts </p><p> Caravans – groups of traveling merchants </p><p> Astronomers – people who collect, study, and explain facts about the heavenly bodies </p><p>People/gods to know!</p><p> Ashurbanipal – Assyrian king; he started one of the world’s first libraries</p><p> Nebuchadnezzar – Chaldean king, built beautiful streets and the Hanging Gardens</p><p> King Darius – Persian King who built a grand palace-fortress in the city of Persepolis</p><p> Zoroaster – a Persian religious leader, told the people about two gods</p><p> Ahura Mazda – a Persian god represented all that was good</p><p> Marduk – a Chaldean god believed to bring peace and good crops</p><p> King Cyrus – a Persian King who helped overthrow the Medes</p><p>EMPIRE HIGHLIGHTS TO KNOW</p><p>The Assyrians: </p><p> First of the empires to make iron/steel weapons through the process of smelting</p><p> Ashurbanipal – Assyrian king; he started one of the world’s first libraries</p><p>The Chaldeans: they called themselves Babylonians </p><p> Babylon was a “Center of Science” – they had a police force and a postal service!  Babylon had beautiful Hanging Gardens made for King Nebuchadnezzar’s wife</p><p> Babylon was encircled by a huge wall and the entrance was the Ishtar Gate</p><p> Babylonian Astronomers mapped the planets and phases of the moon; made a sundial and 7-day week</p><p> Marduk – a Chaldean god believed to bring peace and good crops</p><p>The Persian Empire: </p><p> The Persians were originally part of the group known as the Aryans</p><p> Immortals – they were the best group of fighters in the Persian Army</p><p> Persepolis: it became the most magnificent city in the empire</p><p> “Eyes and Ears of the King” – official inspectors who checked on taxes and possible rebellions</p><p> Persians refused to become traders but encouraged trade among the people they conquered</p><p> The Royal Road connected the cities Sardis and Susa</p><p> The Persians opened a trade route with China</p><p> Spread the use of coins as money; this idea that came from the area of Lydia</p><p> King Darius – Persian King who built a grand palace-fortress in Persepolis</p><p> Zoroaster – a Persian religious leader, told the people about two gods: religion was called Zoroasterianism</p><p> Ahura Mazda – a Persian god represented all that was good</p><p> Persians were conquered by the Medes</p><p> Of the three empires, the Persian Empire was the largest </p>