<p> WORLD STUDIES Final Exam Review 2014 Social Studies</p><p>Like the midterm, the final exam will consist of 180 multiple choice questions and one essay (230 points). The multiple choice questions will be divided evenly between the English and Social Studies content, and the essay will be interdisciplinary.</p><p>ANCIENT MIDDLE EAST/SEMITIC RELIGIONS: Geographic of the Middle East: How did it affect the people who lived there? Map identifications Mesopotamia; Fertile Crescent Ancient Civilizations: Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians Sumeria: basic G.R.E.A.S.E.S, cuneiform, ziggurats, why the civilization ended? Babylonians: Code of Hammurabi, Hanging Gardens of Babylon Assyria: “Thugs” of the ancient Mesopotamia, Library of Ninevah Early Hebrew/Jewish history: Covenant Abraham and Sarah Canaan Ancient Kings: Saul, David, Solomon Moses: The Ten Commandments/Exodus out of slavery The Babylonian Captivity: Nebuchednezzer (Babylon II: Chaldeans) The Diaspora The Semitic Religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam): Know how each was founded, the patriarch, the holy books, the different sects within each, and the basic beliefs Judaism: Abraham as patriarch and founder Importance of covenant</p><p>Christianity: Role of Abraham Jesus as Messiah Trinity Salvation through faith in Jesus Christ</p><p>Islam: Role of Abraham/Hagar and Ishmael Muhammad as prophet Hijrah (flight to Medina) Mecca and Medina The Ka’aba The Hijrah Islamic Law (Sharia)/5 Pillars/Qu’ran The Hajj Sunni v. Shiite EASTERN RELIGIONS: Geography of Ancient India (review map) and general information Aryan migrations, class structure How and where Hinduism developed Beliefs including: Moksha, dharma, Karma, Samsara Brahmin (universal soul), atman (individual soul) Practices, rituals, sacred texts Caste system (untouchables/Dalits) Buddhism Founder: Siddhartha Gautama, how and where it began Beliefs and teachings of Buddha including 4 Noble Truths, 8 Fold Path (Middle Way) Goal: Nirvana, Practices and rituals Geography of Ancient China Social values: respect family and ruler, filial piety Mandate of Heaven/dynastic cycle Confucianism: Confucius’s story, the goal, five important relationships, Analects Basic beliefs of Daoism</p><p>INDIA: Why was India the “Jewel of the Crown” Mohandas Gandhi (his story/legacy) – review your viewing sheet from his biographical video Civil disobedience and “satyagrapha” (including examples) Hindu v Muslim (religious differences) Independence and Partition: consequences</p><p>SOUTH AFRICA: Dutch East India Company and colonization Three groups fighting over South Africa Afrikaner culture (Boers = Dutch farmers) British settlement (Outlanders) Great Trek Boer Republics: Orange Free State and the Transvaal Afrikaner Nationalist Party (Nationalists) Apartheid and Apartheid Laws: Land Resettlement Acts (townships and homelands) Population Registration Act Bantu Education Act Separate Amenities Laws Kaffir Black Resistance to Apartheid African National Congress (ANC) Nelson Mandela Sharpeville Massacre: cause and result Spear of the Nation Robben Island Steve Biko and Black Consciousness (Movement) Donald Woods Banning laws Soweto Massacre 1976 International pressure on South Africa: divestment, sanctions, embargos Archbishop Desmond Tutu Afrikaner government reforms in 1980s F.W. de Klerk’s role in reform First free election; Mandela as President</p><p>THE MODERN MIDDLE EAST: Geography of Middle East (including the map of Israel with occupied territories)</p><p>Roots of Arab-Israeli conflict in Middle East Conflicting promises: Balfour Declaration Zionist Movement U.N. Partition Plan for Palestine: reactions of Israel, Palestinians/Arabs and U.S. Formation of Israel in 1948 and Arab reaction Arab-Israeli Wars “Occupied” territories (Golan Heights, West Bank, Gaza Strip, East Jerusalem) Camp David Accords (who was involved, what did they agree on) Declaration of Principles/Oslo Accords (“Land for Peace” policy, who was involved, what did they agree on)</p><p>Terrorism Reasons (traditional and today) militant Islamic Fundamentalism Hamas (who are they, where are they based, goals) Hezbollah Osama Bin Laden and Al-Qaeda (background, goals) Al-Qaeda terrorist attacks in the U.S. U.S. Response to 9/11 Iran Hostage Crisis/Revolution (who was the Shah, Ayatollah, why happened?) </p><p>Human Rights: Definition Issues in Human Rights (genocide – Rwanda, apartheid in South Africa, caste system India)</p><p>Other: Some questions will be based on primary source documents and there will be map identifications. General themes, such as ‘human rights’ and the effects of imperialism, will also be on the exam in some format. In addition, there may be one or two current events questions and a political cartoon.</p>