System Loss Reduction Plan OfTitas Gas Trammission And Distribntion Co. Ltd. by Md. Snmsuddin Al A.zad MASTER OF ENGINEERTNG IN PETROLEUM AND MINERAL RESOURCES Department OfPctroleum And Mineral Resources Engineering BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGL.'\JEERING AND TECHNOLOGY January 2005 !llIlllIIllill/l~11illi, #IOllB:2S# ' , The thesis titled System Loss Reduction Plan ofTitas Gas Transmission and Distribution Co. Ltd. Submitted by Md. Sumsuddin Al Azad Roll No. 100013019 (P) Session October 2000 has been accepted as satlsfaetory in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of MASTER OF ENGINEERING IN PETROLEUM A~D MINERAL RESOURCES on Department of Petroleum aml Mineral Resources Engineenng BOARD OF EXAMINERS Dr Mohammad Tamim Professor and Head ~d' ~. Dept. of Petro IelIm and Mineral Resources Engineenng, BUET, ~y~,0 Dhaka Chairman (Supervisor) Dr, 1jaz Hossain Professor Dept. ofChemieal Engineering, SUET, Dhaka Member Dr, Mohammed Mahabubur Rahman Assistant Professor Dept. of Petrol cum and Mineral Resou"es Engineering, BUET, OM," CANDIDATES DECLERA nON It is hereby declared that this thesls or any part of it has not been submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree or diploma ~~d)\O" (Md. Sumsl.lddin Al Azad) v' '-- " This thesis is dedicated to Engr. M. Kamal Uddin Ahmed , \ ACKNOWLEDGEM ] would like to express my deep respect to Dr, I would also ilke to express my profound gratefuhless to Dr. Mohammed Mahabubur Rahman, Assi~tant Professor of the Department of Petroleum and Mineral Resources Engmeering, for his cooperation, eontinnous inspIrations and extended support to complete this work. ] sincerely appreciate the cooperation and the time of Md. Rakibul Hashem Sarker, Lecturer of the Department of Petroleum and Mineral Resources Engineering (PMRE) and Md. Basml1 Haque of PMRE Department. I thatlk the Managing Director, Titas Gas Transmission and Distribution Company Limited (TGTDCL) for his co-operation and providing me to complete the course with necessary facihties in collecting the required data. I feel grateful to Engr. M. Kamal Uddin Almled Deputy General Manager, TransmiSSIOn Department of TGTDCL for his extended support and cooperation in completing this work. ABSTRACT Tlla;, Gas Transmission and Di<;trihution Company Limited (TGTDCL) is a gas marketing company, which purcha,es gas from Bangladesh Gas Field Company Ltd, (BGFCL) and Sylhet Gas Field Company Limited (SGFCL). This gas is translllllted through its own and Gas TransmissIOn Company Ltd's (GTCL) transmission lines 10 various bnlk customers such as Power and Ferlili~er Producing Company and distribution network throngh vanous Clly Gate Station (CGS), To"n Border Station (TBS), District Regulatmg Station (DRS) and Metering Regulating Stalion (RMS) to industrial, commercial and domes\lc users. In marketing the gas, the company ISnow facing a major probIcm, which is known as system loss. System loss is thai portion of gas purchased, which is not accounted for by saIcs. transfer and company u~es or otherwise accounled for, At present the net system loss is approximately 9%, Area wi,e in some places hke Narayangonj, this figure is near about 50%. The present level of ~ystem loss needs some reduction to bring il to an acceptable lilm!. The main objective of thi~ study is to reduce the unaccountable gas, Identification of ~aflOUS(actors related to system loss is carried out. These factor, can be elas~ified into lwo broad elasses as a) technical loss, b) non-technical loss, Techmcal losses arc inevllable and the level of thc same depends on pbysieal and operating condition of the cnstomer metering stations. Non-technical losses arc the man made loss can be many and varies witb (hfferent factors. The mam part of it is pilferage lo~s through various illegal means like meter tampering. regulalor tempering, by pass or un-metered osage etc. This study covers the definition, classifkallon, calculation, background and present slalu, of system loss Some of the special ca\l~es 01'system loss with respect to Bangladesh arc also discussed, The action program and extended action program to reduce system loss undertaken by TGTDCL and the furore plan or recommendation in Ih,S regard are also discussed. •••• Table of Contents Dedication Ackno",ledgell1enl 11 Ahstract III Tahle orContellls IV Chapter - I: Introduction 1 Chapler- 2: Literature review 6 2.1: Gas Law G 2.2: Measurement Quality 8 2,3: Commercial gas measurement . 13 2.4: Standards 29 Chaplcr - 3: Statement of the Problem 34 3.1 Objective of the Study 34 3.2 Analysis of the Problem 35 3.3 Study 35 3.4 IdentIfication 35 3.5 Action Programme 36 Chapter - 4: System Loss 37 4.1: System T.{lsSDefinition 37 4.2: System LDSsClassiJicatiDn 38 4,3: Background of System wss 42 4.4: Present State of System Loss 43 4,5: Classification of Gas Users 48 4.& Rearrangemenl of Customer Classes 50 Chapter- 5: Network Analysis 55 5.1: TransmissIon Network 55 5.2: Distribution Network 56 Chapter - 6: Contributing Factors for System Loss in Transmission System 63 Chapter-7: Contributing Factors for System Loss in a Distribution System 90 Chapter - 8: System Loss, Measurement Uncertainty Calibration and Traceability 103 8,1: Case Study - I (System Loss) 112 8.2: Case Silldy - n (MeaSllremenl Uncertainty) 114 Chapter - 9: Gas Metering 118 9, I: Existing Metering System I 18 9,2: Improvement of the Existmg System 133 Chapter - 10: System Loss Special Problem of Bangladesh 139 10.1: Transmission System and Bulk Sector 139 10.2: Distrihution system and Non-Bulk Sector 147 Chapter-I1: Action Programme 160 ILl: Measures Taken to Reduce System Loss 160 11.2: EAtended Measures Taken to Reduce System Loss 162 Chapter - 12: Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendation lGO 12.1 : Conclusion 170 12.2: Recommendation 170 References 174 Appendix - A 175 Appenulx-B 181 Appendix- C 192 AbbrevialJons 202 Nomenc laillre 203 CHAPTER-l INTRODUCTIO A greater awarcncss of system loss in nall.lral has taken placc over the past dccade, Th,s development is due to the demands for increased system reliability and efficiency, environmental and accountability Issues as wcll as extremely important criteria to minimlle the loss of revenue. "lhe sy8tem loss for transmission system is basically the difference betwecn the measurement of gas mput to the summation of gas outpLltS, with a corresponding adjustment lor changes in total line pack and other known pipeline usage and loss for a given period, For a distribution system thc basic concept of detcrmination of gas balance l~ same as for a tram,mission system. however the magmtl.lde of gas outlets coupled with the variability in demanu and complex,ty of distribution systems, means that a number of parametcrs need 10he taken into consideration. One of the major parameters is thc IInder;tanding of cu~tomer load profiles, including seasonal factors and abihty to use altemative energy ~()urees coupled with an appreciation of the plant proceS8. A transmission system will tend to be a 'tight' system with respect to leakage, \vhereas a distribution system can suffer from signi flcant natural leakage, averaging aIld estimation of gas sales, significalll Joad/lag effects with respect lo aceount and theft or lmauthorized usage. The study of the system loss in a distributwn system cmmot be conl1ucted in isolation of the trmlsmission sy<,tem from which \t sourees the gas supply. This i8 because the transmi8'lOn supplies point8 are the darum or reference point for the inpllt volume of gas. As any mcasurement has some uncertainty it must be accounted ror and fully apprecIated if a meaningful sludy is to be made for the distribution system loss. The volumctric measurement of natLlml gas is complex due to the dependence on the accurate measurement ofpressl.lre, temperature ami ~omposition. 1 Tita, Gas Transmission Jnd Distribution Company LumteJ (TGTDCL) is a gas marketing Company, which purchase gas from Bangladesh Gas Field Company Ltd. (BGFCL) and Sylhet Gas Field Company Ltd (SGFCL). This gas is transmitted through the companies own and Gas Transm1ssion Company LTD's (GTCL) transmission line to vari()u." bulk customer such as power and fertilizer producing company and distribution network through CGS, TBS, DRS and R.MS to indusllial, c()mmercial and domestic users. System loss 1"that portion of gas purchased, which is not accounted for by sales, transfer, and company u,es or otherwise accounted for, This is also known as Unacco\lllted For Gas (UFG), The factors affecting system loss all groped under two broad heads: technical and non-techmcaL Based on operational expenence and available operational data., component-wise contributions of each of the technical and non-technical factors of system loss can be estimated. Thc technical factors are estimated at about 1.25% and the non-technical t:actors arc account for about 8,11 %, the total system loss being 9.365% of net throughput. This is shown in Table-l.l]. Table - 1,1: Estimation of Various Components of system loss estimated in year 1993 SLNo. Item of system loss System los, estmtatcd as percent of net throughput l. Technical system loss i.1 Tnmsmission loss 0.49% 1.25% 12 Distribution loss 0.75% 2. Non-Technical system loss 2.1 Pilferage loss 6.67% 8,1 t% 22 Loss due to inconsistent domestic tariff t.44% 3. Total system loss 9.36% 2 Of th~ customers supplicd gas by the company in (he non-hulk sector, the industrial and commercial customers are metered eus(om""" whereas the domestic customers ar~ ,>till un-metered. Each type of customers (and (he suhtypcs) h3s their characterisllC patterns of ga.~consumption, -Ole associated ways 3nd mcans of gas pilferage by d,fferent types of customers are also diffcrcnt. In the case of domestic CUSlOmcrs,it is apprehended thm ther~ are a good numbcr of hidden or unreglsteroo customers (ghost customer, ~o to say).