<p> ANCIENT GREECE</p><p>I. GEOGRAPHY Describe the geography of Greece.</p><p> Mountainous terrain</p><p> Over 1000 islands</p><p>II. THE MINOANS – The first Greek civilization</p><p>Where were they located? Island of Crete</p><p>What famous palace was discovered by archaeologists? Knossos</p><p>What happened to the Minoans? Earthquake</p><p>III. THE MYCENAEANS – The second Greek civilization</p><p>What was their main occupation? Sea Traders</p><p>What parts of Greece did they conquer? Crete and mainland Greece</p><p>What caused them to fight in the Trojan War against Troy?</p><p> Myth – To win back Helen, princess of Mycenae, who had been kidnapped by the Trojans.</p><p> Disputes over trade routes (the straits that led to the Black Sea)</p><p>How did the Mycenaeans defeat Troy? Trojan Horse</p><p>What happened to the Mycenaeans? Earthquake? Invasion? Volcano?</p><p>IV. THE DORIANS – The third Greek civilization</p><p>Why do we know so little about them? They forgot how to read and write</p><p>Who was Homer? A blind poet who told us much about the values of the Greeks</p><p>What was the Iliad about? Achilles helps the Mycenaeans defeat Troy before dying</p><p>What was the Odyssey about? Odysseus journeys home after the war and encounters many obstacles along the way</p><p>How do we know these stories if everyone was illiterate? They were passed down orally V. CITY-STATES OF ANCIENT GREECE </p><p>Why did Greece form city-states? Mountains separated the cities, making it difficult to unite</p><p>The acropolis is the high-city where you would find temples to the gods</p><p>What is the polis? The walled part of the city-state where you would find homes and markets</p><p>VI. ATHENS</p><p>Where did Athens get its name? From the goddess Athena</p><p>What temple was dedicated to her? The Parthenon</p><p>Rule by one person is called a monarchy</p><p>If a person takes power illegally, this is called tyranny</p><p>Rule by a small group of wealthy landowners is called aristocracy</p><p>Rule by a small group of people (not necessarily wealthy) is called oligarchy</p><p>Rule by the people is called democracy</p><p>Who were the citizens of Athens? Free males over 30 years old</p><p>VII. ATHENS v. UNITED STATES</p><p>1. One way in which Athens’ democracy was different from ours is that Athens had a direct democracy where all citizens could meet in the Assembly and vote on laws.</p><p>The United States has a representative democracy where we elect officials to make decisions for us.</p><p>2. Another way in which they are different is that Athens’ democracy was more limited than ours. </p><p>Who couldn’t vote in Athens? Slaves, women, men under 30, and many immigrants VIII. ATHENIAN SOCIETY</p><p>What was the main occupation of the people of Athens? Traders and sailors</p><p>Give a few examples of subjects that males were taught? drama, public speaking (rhetoric), government, art, reading, writing, math, military training</p><p>What is rhetoric? The art of speaking and writing skillfully</p><p>Why was education so important to Athenians? To train their men to make good decisions when they eventually become citizens and participate in the direct democracy</p><p>Did females receive an education? Not for a long time</p><p>IX. SPARTA</p><p>What was the main occupation of the Spartans? Soldiers</p><p>At what age would Spartan boys begin military training? 7</p><p>Why were Spartan women expected to exercise? Produce healthy children</p><p>Why was the military so important to Sparta?</p><p> To maintain control of the helots (slaves)</p><p> To learn the complex phalanx system in which the soldiers fought together in 8x8 groupings</p><p>What form of government did Sparta have? oligarchy</p><p>X. PERSIAN WARS</p><p>Athens first defeated the Persians at the Battle of Marathon</p><p>Sparta showed its power when 300 soldiers helped to hold off a Persian invasion at the Battle of Thermopylae</p><p>Why were they trying to delay the Persians? So that Athens could build a navy</p><p>Athens eventually destroyed the Persian fleet at the Battle of Salamis</p><p>Why was this war considered to be the turning point in Western Civilization? </p><p>If the Greeks had lost, democracy would have been eradicated XI. PELOPONNESIAN WAR</p><p>Athens formed an alliance to protect city-states against further attacks, it was called the Delian League</p><p>Sparta formed its own alliance called the Peloponnesian League</p><p>Both sides fought and, in the end, Sparta’s side won.</p><p>However, everyone was so weakened that all the city-states were taken over by Alexander the Great</p><p>XII. ALEXANDER THE GREAT</p><p>He conquered land all the way to India and never was defeated.</p><p>After his death his empire was split up and was later conquered by the Romans</p><p>His greatest contribution was the creation of Hellenistic culture.</p><p>Alexander blended all the cultures of the lands he conquered.</p><p>XIII. FAMOUS GREEKS AND THEIR ACHIEVEMENTS</p><p>Socrates – Philosopher.</p><p>Taught people to question in order to seek truth </p><p>Why was he sentenced to death? For corrupting the youth of Athens</p><p>Name 2 other philosophers Plato and Aristotle</p><p>Pythagoras – Calculated the sides of a right triangle</p><p>Ptolemy – Believed that the earth was the center of the universe.</p><p>Drama – Greeks created both comedy and tragedy</p>