Mikael Lindström, Director

Safety regulations School of Chemical Science and EngineeringMikael Lindström, Director2016-10-06Contents1 Introduction 3 2 General work regulations 3 2.1 General regulations 3 2.1.1 Protective ventilation, ventilated fume cupboards 6 2.1.2 Laboratories 8 2.1.3 Handling of chemicals 92 (31) 2.1.4 Working with dangerous substances 12 2.1.5 Waste handling – conventional waste 15 2.1.6 Waste handling – hazardous waste 15 3. Plan of action in the event of an accident 17 3.1 First aid in accidents 17 3.2 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) 19 3.3 Plan of action and evacuation in the event of a fire 20 3.3.1 Detailed description of measures to be adopted in the event of a 21 fire 3.3.2 Description of fire extinguishers and fire practice 23 3.3.3 Assembly points in the event of an evacuation alarm and 25 defibrillator posts 3.4 Plan of action in the event of a power failure 26 3.5 Plan of action in the event of a water failure 26 4 Important telephone numbers 27 5 Links and literature 273 (31) 1. 1. IntroductionThese Safety Regulations apply for the School of Chemical Science and Engineering as a whole and as a complement to the Work Environment Act. These Safety regulations have been developed in accordance with the general provision of the Act. The aim of the Safety Regulations is to minimize the risk of accidents and ill health associated with laboratory work. Everybody who is active within the School of Chemical Science and Engineering shall carefully study and follow the directions and governing rules indicated in these Safety Regulations and shall seek information about what is written in those parts of the Work Environment Act which are relevant for chemical activities (see the links and literature instructions in section 5).All persons, whether supervisors or those carrying out laboratory work within the School of Chemical Science and Engineering, shall read the Safety Regulations and shall declare on the accompanying form that they have studied the contents. This form shall be sent to the registrar of CHE, Maria Hjertén, for filing. Continual checks will be carried out with all the supervisors and Heads of Departments.Local rules and safety regulations apply for work with special instruments, e.g. laser instruments, NMR etc. in the various departments of the school.Work with nanoparticles, radioactive and microbiological materials require special safety routines which are available in the departments concerned.2. 2. General work regulations2.1 General regulationsEvacuation plan Find out where the evacuation plans, alarm buttons and fire extinguishing equipment are placed. Study carefully the evacuation routes, particularly alternative evacuation routes and where your assembly point is, see section 3.3.3.Personal protection Find out where the eye and emergency shower, bandages and first aid equipment are placed. Suitable protective equipment such as a cotton overall and protective spectacles shall always be used in a laboratory, unless they are obviously unnecessary. Suitable protective gloves shall be used when necessary. Overalls and gloves must be removed and kept in the laboratory. They must not be worn in the offices or communal spaces.Protective equipment shall be supplied by the employer (Chap 2 § 7 of the Work Environment Act). Protective equipment includes overalls, gloves, protective spectacles, terminal 4 (31) spectacles, hearing protection, breathing protection, protective shoes and visors. Corrective protective spectacles can be ordered if necessary.Remember that chemicals will sooner or later penetrate through a protective glove. This can take place without any visible signs on the material and without it being felt. A type of glove which protects well against certain chemicals can provide poor protection against others. Check with the manufacturer/salesman or the data sheet which gloves to choose for the chemicals you are working with. Do not touch door handles, instruments etc. with contaminated gloves when somebody else is expected to be barehanded. Take off the gloves carefully and throw away used gloves in the correct waste bin.Nothing must be eaten inside the laboratory. Snuff must not be taken and cosmetics must not be applied (this includes hand cream and lip salve). Chemicals must never be tasted or pipetted by the mouth. Avoid all skin contact with chemicals.Work involving a risk must not be carried out alone. This is particularly important outside normal working hours. The responsible manager, in consultation with the safety officer, will assess whether a risk is involvedThe work place The workplace must be kept free from all chemicals and equipment which are not being used.Anything spilt must be taken care of immediately by the person causing the spillage. If strong acids or alkalis are spilt, they must also be wiped off with a buffer. The cleaning staff only carries out normal cleaning.Special rules apply when handling dangerous waste, see section 2.1.6. Vessels and packages which have been used to contain chemicals must be cleaned before they are thrown away with the conventional waste. Find out in advance how test residues are to be taken care of.Sinks in fume cupboards and sink units shall be kept free from waste.Boxes and other combustibles must not be stored in the laboratory.Experiments continuing overnight or over a weekend must always be marked so that the person responsible can be reached5 (31) by telephone. The water flow for e.g. cooling water shall if possible be regulated with a Ballofix setting for constant flow and the tubes must be clamped. The risk of a power or water failure shall be taken into account.A warning sign must be placed on equipment that can involve a particular risk.The corridors and stairways are evacuation routes and they must not be obstructed with equipment, cupboards, cartons or other bulky materials. Risk assessment A written risk assessment shall always be prepared before a new experiment is undertaken. Consult the safety data sheets for the chemicals that are to be used in the experiment.The safety data sheets for chemicals can be obtained from the product register in KLARA, KTH’s chemicals handling system https://secure.port.se/alphaquest/app_kth/pcmain.cfm.The risk assessment shall be signed by the supervisor/ manager. The risk assessment of chemicals with unknown properties shall be carried out as though these substances are dangerous with regard to the properties which can be of interest. Always check, in the appropriate literature, what risks exist before an experiment is started.The risk assessment shall also include what may happen in the event of an evacuation or of a failure in ventilation, power or water, together with a plan of action.All risk assessments shall be filed at the respective institutions and shall be available for the staff, head of department and supervisory authority concerned.The risk assessment can be carried out immediately in KLARA with the help of a form obtained after logging-in or on the school’s special form.More information about risk assessment and the forms for risk assessment are available at http://intra.che.kth.se/miljo-och- sakerhet/risk-assessment-regulations-1.410322.6 (31) 3. 2.1.1 Protective ventilation, ventilated fume cupboards etc.The protective function of a fume cupboard is influenced by how you act and move and also by disturbances from the surroundings. It is easy to disturb the function of the fume cupboard through an incorrect method of work, and this means that safety is compromised. Read the instructions for the fume cupboard carefully before you start using it. The following rules mean that the work in the fume cupboard can be carried out under safer conditions with less risk of leakage and harmful exposure to chemicals.Fume cupboard When work is taking place in a fume cupboard, the nearby doors shall in principle be kept closed to maintain a constant under- pressure in the laboratory regardless of the size of the opening. Movements past the cupboard opening shall be avoided as far as is possible. Your overall and overall sleeves shall be buttoned. All your work shall be carried out with calm arm movements.Work must be carried out with the opening to the fume cupboard in the safety position, normally with a maximum opening of 30-35 cm, see the marking. Open and close the opening with calm movements to maintain a laminar exhaust flow.The air speed through the opening shall be 0.5 m/s regardless of the size of the opening. There is a control unit in the room which also preserves a constant under-pressure in the laboratory.The window of the fume cupboard shall be pulled down when no work is in progress in the fume cupboard. It will close automatically ca. 8 min after you have finished working in the fume cupboard, but make a practice of always closing the window by hand. Leave nothing in the opening to the fume cupboard, which will prevent the window from closing. Also make sure that cables and tubes are pulled into the fume cupboard via the small brush at the side edges of the opening and further via the cradle just inside.The lighting in the fume cupboard will light up automatically when you pull up the window. 7 (31) The lighting is coupled to the ventilation, i.e. it will not light up unless the ventilation is functioning. After the work has finished, the light is automatically switched off after ca. 30 min.Work as far inside the fume cupboard as possible.The fume cupboard is equipped with a control/alarm function which sounds the alarm if the exhaust flow is too low. Find out how this function works before you start working in the fume cupboard.The front window of the fume cupboard is not intended to provide protection if the work involves an explosion risk. In such cases, a screen of a shatterproof plastic must be used as protection.If there is a forcing function, it shall be used only if necessary and it must be switched off afterwards.There is no protective function in the fume cupboard in the rigging position, only a low basic flow. For safety reasons, the electricity is then disconnected.There are a number of power sockets furthest down on the side panel which have been locked into the protective ventilation. These shall be used as a routine. After an electricity failure, they can be reset by pressing the black button on the front panel. Non-locked power sockets (marked with a red ring) shall only be used for experiments which, for safety reasons, require an uninterrupted electricity supply.The fume cupboard is a workplace and not a place for storage. Do not keep chemicals or other items in the fume cupboard unless they are required for the work in progress.Acutely toxic substances must not be handled 8 (31) in a fume cupboard without a functioning acoustic or visual alarm. A personal alarm which warns when the threshold value is exceeded is recommended. You are not permitted to work alone when handling this type of substance.In the event of a power and/or ventilation failure, all the openings to the fume cupboards must be closed by hand.A vacuum pump which is used in connection with a fume cupboard must not be placed under the fume cupboard unless it is EX- classified (explosion protected). In addition, the pump must be placed in a dish (oil leakage) and this shall be connected to the exhaust (oil fog).Note that the few remaining old fume cupboards with a perpendicular front window do not fulfil the legal requirements with regard to an alarm in the case of too low an exhaust flow, a constant flow through the opening, the placing of the power sockets and locked-in power sockets. In this case, the opening must always be closed by hand.Point exhaust Place the exhaust as close to the source of contamination as possible. The maximum distance for a protective effect is equal to the diameter of the exhaust channel.Storage Other ventilated items of equipment in the laboratory are the ventilated cupboards for solvents, chemicals and gases, and also the ventilated vessels for contaminated glass waste.Instruments The cupboard below the fume cupboard has an independent exhaust ventilation.There are many instruments out in our departments and many of these require that you read through the manuals showing how 9 (31) they are to be used; sometimes a brief hearing is required before you are allowed to use an instrument. Ask what routines apply in your department. Usually it is a question of learning how to handle sensitive instruments, but for e.g. laser instruments it is also a question of your safety. Radioactivity The regulations for work with radioactive materials are rigorous for your own safety. Follow the local instructions. Miscellaneous See the local regulations if you are working with nanoparticles or microbiological material.4. 2.1.2 LaboratoriesRefrigerator/ Only laboratory models of refrigerators/deep-freezes may be used in deep-freeze the laboratory, in order to eliminate the risk of sparks inside the refrigerator/deep-freeze.Drying Drying cupboards must not be used for flammable items where there cupboards is the risk that the vapour of a hazardous or toxic substance may be emitted or where there may be an explosion riskIt is not unusual for electrical hotplates, which have been put in an Electrical unsuitable place or have been left switched on, to give rise to near- hotplates accidents in the form of damage or fire. Electrical hotplates shall always be placed on a base of a non-combustible material. Above the hotplate, there shall be a free height of at least 50 cm. If the temperature is regulated by a thermostat, the cable to the thermostat shall be disconnected when it is not in use.Water and oil Water and oil baths shall be of metal and fitted with overheating baths protection. The temperature of use of the oil bath shall be at least 20 °C lower than the flashpoint of the oil.Vacuum All glass to be used under vacuum shall be intended for vacuum use, equipment made of particularly strong glass, and it shall be fitted with the greatest care. In all work with vacuum equipment, protective spectacles suitable for the work shall be used. A special shield of shatter-proof plastic should be placed in front of large vacuum 10 (31) installations of glass.Cooling water All tubing used for cooling water shall be fixed with a clamp or band. tubing PVC-tubing is used for low pressures and a reinforced tube for high pressures. In experiments where there is a risk of fire, explosion or other near-accident if the cooling water suddenly fails, a flow guard is required which immediately switches off the water supply and power supply when the water flow drops below a certain level.5.6. 2.1.3 Handling of chemicalsStorage of All chemicals shall be kept in ventilated chemicals cupboards or chemicals storerooms. Read the safety datasheet regarding the safekeeping of the substance concerned. All the chemicals storerooms and cupboards shall be correctly marked with the symbol on the left. Special marking is required for flammable and toxic substances.Flammable liquids shall be kept in ventilated cupboards and must not be kept together with toxic substances.Toxic substances shall be kept in a locked ventilated cupboard.Substances which are both flammable and toxic shall be kept together with flammable substances.Acids shall be kept in ventilated acid-proof cupboards. Acids and alkalis should not be kept together. Placing them on different shelf levels can be acceptable if this applies to only a few bottles. Place the bottles in plastic dishes (with rims). Chemicals may not be stored in any place other than in a ventilated cupboard or storeroom intended for chemicals. This also applies to chemicals in flasks, NMR-tubes, syringes, vials and the like.Marking of All preparations, reagent bottles and sinks shall be marked with clear chemicals labels. Information about the name of the chemical, a danger symbol and whether the substance is carcinogenic or allergenic must be shown on the label. (See the Swedish Chemicals Agency’s homepage www.kemi.se for detailed information about the classification, marking and packaging of chemical substances and mixtures). The vessels used shall also be marked with the name of the user and date. If an old bottle is reused for another chemical, the old text must be 11 (31) completely removed and a new label placed on the bottle.Fig. 1. Pictograms indicating danger. Under the pictogram there is often a text or warning. Note that older flasks and bottles can have older pictogram symbols with an orange or yellow background.Transport of All transport of chemicals must take place in a safe manner. Use Absol chemicals as a protection against leakage. Avoid travelling in an elevator together with liquid chemicals.Liquid nitrogen If the ventilation is out of order, it is not allowed to tap off liquid nitrogen. 1 litre of liquid nitrogen gives ca. 800 litres of nitrogen gas which means that there is a great risk of suffocation.Never travel by elevator together with a vessel filled with liquid nitrogen. If the elevator gets stuck and the vessel starts to leak, there is a great risk of suffocation.General about A gas cylinder may only be connected to a reduction valve with the same name as that given on the cylinder.12 (31) gas cylinders Only the reduction valves and gas tubing approved for the gas may be connected to a gas cylinder.Gas cylinders must be treated carefully and must not be subjected to shocks or blows. They must not be placed so that they are exposed to heat. A gas cylinder must be placed so that it cannot fall over. It must always be chained fast and the chain must not be placed around the valve or too far down the cylinder. Alternatively, the gas cylinder can be kept on a wheeled trolley. A nylon strap is not a sufficient protection since it will melt in the event of a fire.Obtain as much information as possible about the gas with which you are going to work. Study the product information and safety datasheet carefully. If any question remains, contact the gas supplier. Storage of gases Cylinders containing a flammable or toxic gas must not be left standing in the laboratory. They shall be kept in a special gas cupboard approved for the purpose and be clearly marked with the correct warning sign, as shown in the picture to the left.Doors to rooms in which gas cylinders are kept shall be marked with the warning sign for gas cylinders. The sign is a guidance and warning to firemen in the event of a fire. This regulation means that the sign must be removed if the gas cylinder is moved from the room. An incorrect sign can mean that the firemen, believing that there is an explosion risk, refrain from extinguishing a fire in a room where there is actually no gas cylinder. Transport of gas The carts intended for the transport of gas cylinders shall always be cylinders used when cylinders are moved. Do not travel by elevator together with a gas cylinder.Toxic gases Gases which are caustic or can cause respiratory paralysis should be purchased in as small bottles as possible, so that they can be placed and handled in fume cupboards when in use, or be placed in a ventilated and fireproof cupboard. Gas bottles containing a toxic gas shall be plainly marked with a skull as in the figure to the left.A toxic gas must not be kept in the same place as a flammable gas. Oxygen Oxygen under pressure can, together with oil or lubricant, trigger an explosion. With a spark or an open flame, pure oxygen can greatly increase the rate of combustion in porous materials such as clothing. Acetylene Gas cylinders larger than 5 litres containing acetylene, which is used with compressed air or oxygen in welding, shall be furnished with a back flow protection device to prevent a back flow in the tube system or to the gas bottle. The pressure on the regulator must not exceed 1.5 13 (31) bar.The installation shall be checked twice a year and include a leakage test, and the test shall be documented. The back flow protection device shall be checked and documented by an authorized person in the annual gas audit in August. The documentation from these checks shall be available for the staff and supervisory authority concerned. Fire protection gloves must be available in the vicinity of the acetylene cylinder in case of a fire.Leaking acetylene smells like garlic. Gasol (LPG) Gasol (LPG) cylinders are filled with condensed gas and must not be kept horizontally. The safety valve can then be blocked by the condensed gas with a risk of an explosion. Further Further information about working with chemicals and gases is information available through a link on the homepage of the School for Chemical Science and Engineering: http://intra.che.kth.se/kemikalier-och-instr7. 2.1.4 Working with dangerous substancesGeneral Information about the harmfulness of various substances with regard to regulations fire and explosion risks, toxic effects, suitable sanitation agents and preventive measures must be obtained before the experiment is started. The safety datasheets for chemicals can be obtained from the product register in KLARA, https://secure.port.se/alphaquest/app_kth/pcmain.cfm A risk assessment shall be carried out in all work with dangerous substances and measures shall be adopted to reduce the risks before the work is started, cf. http://intra.che.kth.se/miljo-och-sakerhet/risk-assessment- regulations-1.410322Make sure that you always have suitable sanitation agents available to neutralize the spillage of toxic or corrosive chemicals. Until proved otherwise, all chemicals should be regarded as toxic.A maximum of 40 litres of flammable substances may in total be kept in ventilated cupboards per laboratory, regardless of the size of the laboratory. This volume includes gases, waste solvents and acetone for washing. This amount must not be exceeded. See information from MBS regarding flammable substance in laboratory www.msb.se/Upload/Forebyggande/brandfarlig_explosiv/Handbok/ Laboratorium.pdf14 (31) Carcinogenic Carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic substances are called CMR- substances substances. These substances have the following danger indications and/or risk phrases:H350: May cause cancer H340: May lead to genetic defects H360: May harm fertility or an unborn child R45: May cause cancer R46: May lead to hereditary genetic damage R49: May cause cancer by inhalation R60: May reduce reproductive capacity R61: May lead to foetal damageWhen planning work with a CMR-substance, a special examination shall be carried out showing the motivation for using the substance and that it cannot be replaced by another substance. Further information and a form to fill in are available on KTH’s homepage: https://intra.kth.se/administration/kemikaliehantering/cmr- utredning-1.541522. This form is saved by the School’s registrar.The employer shall keep a register of all employees who are exposed to15 (31) CMR-substances. This list shall be filed for 40 years. The form shall be sent to the School’s registrar who will forward it to KTH’s central administration. https://intra.kth.se/administration/kemikaliehantering/exponeringsre gister-1.541523 Certain substances require a special permit from the Swedish Work Environment Authority for their purchase, use and storage. These substances are called Group B substances, see AFS 2011:19. Allergenic The safety datasheets show which substances are allergenic or substances sensitizing (cf. the danger indications H317, H334). Take care, use suitable gloves and apply good hand hygiene. These substances shall always be handled in ventilated workplaces. Strongly Chlorosulphonic acid, sulphuric acid, nitric acid, caustic acid, corrosive hydrofluoric acid and strong alkalis, bromine etc. must be handled chemicals with extreme care. Perchloric acid is explosive in contact with organic materials and should be stored to as small an extent and as low a concentration as possible. Perchloric acid must always be handled in a fume cupboard which can be washed out.Strongly corrosive chemicals must not be kept on highly placed shelves. Nor may they be transported or be kept permanently in beakers or flasks. Bottles containing these chemicals should preferably be transported in a plastic bucket or the like.Bottles containing bromine can become brittle after a time, and these bottles shall therefore always be handled carefully.Protective spectacles shall be worn when corrosive chemicals are being transported. Complete face protection must be used when large amounts are handled, and when tapping from large bottles and diluting. Alkali metals Alkali metals (mainly lithium, sodium and potassium) shall be kept in paraffin or kerosene. When working with alkali metals, protective gloves must always be worn. Poisons and Most chemicals are toxic to the human body. All substances must dangerous therefore be handled as if they were toxic. The greatest possible care substances and cleanliness shall be observed in all laboratory work.16 (31) Explosive and When explosive and inflammable substances are used, the general flammable rule is that as small quantities as possible may be kept in the fume substances cupboard in the daily work. The bottles must never be placed on the laboratory bench. Ventilated cupboards must absolutely never be left open or pulled out, depending on the type of cupboard.In view of the risk of ignition and explosion, all work with a flammable substance shall be carried out with extreme care and always in a ventilated workplace.Poisons must not be kept together with flammable materials.Solvents is quantities greater than 2.5 litres should not be kept in glass bottles but in safety cans intended for this purpose.Solvents which are dried over sodium and kept in glass bottles shall be handled with great care.Plastic vessels larger than 2 litres must be type-approved for the flammable liquid kept in the vessel.Perchloric acid may only be handled in a fume cupboard.For hydrogen peroxide with a concentration ≥ 20 %, the following storage volumes are permitted: A maximum of 1 litre if the concentration is ≥ 80 %, A maximum of 5 litres if the concentration is 60-80 %, A maximum of 50 litres if the concentration is < 60 %, Permission is required for the handling of hydrogen peroxide with a concentration ≥ 60 %. Keep hydrogen peroxide in a refrigerator. (SÄIFS 1999:2, the regulations of the National Swedish Inspectorate of Explosives and Flammables regarding the handling of hydrogen peroxide). Radioactive Work with radioactive substances and X-ray equipment may be substances carried out only after special permission has been granted by the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority, SSM. Contact Mats Jonsson, Applied Physical Chemistry, who is radiation-protection manager.17 (31) Nanoparticles Be careful and see the local regulations. and microbiological material8. 2.1.5 Waste handling – conventional wasteSee the School’s routines for waste handling. On this site, there is a table showing which fractions can be found in each waste room. http://intra.kth.se/kth-informerar/miljo-hallbar-utveckling/miljoarbete-kth- skolor/che/rutiner9.10. 2.1.6 Waste handling – hazardous waste See also the School’s routines for handling chemical waste: http://intra.kth.se/kth-informerar/miljo-hallbar-utveckling/miljoarbete-kth- skolor/che/rutinerThe reception for contaminated waste at the School for Chemical Science and Engineering is opens every 14th day. It is the responsibility of each research group, as soon as the opportunity arises, to transport full containers to the waste reception.Cartons for contaminated glass and containers for cutting/piercing, biological or infectious waste can be purchased at the waste reception.All the waste which is taken to the waste reception shall be properly marked showing the contents and the person responsible. Contaminated Contaminated glass shall be kept in a carton with a plastic bag insert, glass placed in a ventilated container in the laboratory. Filled cartons shall be taped and marked before they are taken to the waste reception.Cutting, piercing Used cannulae, syringes, lancets (non-infected) etc. shall be placed waste in a suitable container, e.g. a cannulae bin. When the bin is full, fix the lid with tape and mark the bin before it is taken to the waste reception.Oil waste Oil waste shall be collected in a container. Solvent waste Water-containing, chlorinated and non-chlorinated solvents shall be 18 (31) collected separately in suitable containers.Inorganic acids Shall be neutralized and rinsed down the drain provided there is and alkalis sufficient chemical knowledge. Otherwise, this shall also be taken to the waste station. Silica gel etc. Shall be collected and taken to the waste station. Substances Can be rinsed down the drain. If there is the slightest doubt, contact which are not a the waste station for instructions. hazard to health or environment Substances and Shall be placed in suitable containers and taken to the waste station. solutions which Make sure that all the containers are properly marked. are a hazard to health or environment Biological and Permission is required for work with biological and infected infected waste substances. The application for permission shall include taking care of the biological and infected waste. Radioactive Permission is required for work with radioactive substances. The waste application for permission shall include taking care of the radioactive waste. Contact Mats Jonsson, radiation protection manager, for further information if necessary.11.19 (31) 12.3. Plan of action in the event of an accident13. 3.1 First aid in accidents 14. All those working in the School of Chemical Science and Engineering must know where to find the first-aid kit and its contents, and shall be able to give first aid in the event of an accident and shall know how to call the ambulance or fire brigade.First aid to a 1. Check the injured person according to the following: person who is Danger seriously injured Judge your own and the injured person´s safety, e.g. the risk for or unconscious fire, explosion etc.Breathing If the person is unconscious and is not breathing or is breathing abnormally, make sure that the injured person has free respiratory passages. Check whether the injured person is breathing by himself/herself. If not, start artificial respirations immediately (mouth-to-mouth method). If the person has no pulse, start heart and lung resuscitation (CPR), see 3.2 (the position of a defibrillator is shown in the chart in 3.3.3).Bleeding Stop any bleeding through pressure and by raising the injured part of the body to a high position.Shock Prevent shock through the above measures. Shock is a life- endangering condition. Protect the injured person against cold, and calm the person. Place the legs in a high position unless a stable lateral position is necessary.When the above measures have been carried out, place the injured person in a stable lateral position, if possible. Keep the injured person under observation, a rapid deterioration can occur.2. Call the ambulance, by telephoning 112, unless this has already been done. If there are other persons nearby, ask somebody to go out and meet the ambulance personnel.3. Somebody shall always accompany the injured person to the hospital to explain what has happened. Visit to the If there is the need for medical attention at the hospital, but 20 (31) hospital transport by ambulance is judged not to be necessary, take a taxi or other car to the hospital. The Karolinska Hospital in Solna and Danderyd Hospital are both ca. 10 minutes by car from KTH (slightly longer in rush hours). Choose St. Erik’s Hospital for acute eye injuries, but telephone their eye emergency number first. Remember that somebody shall always accompany the injured person to the hospital even if he/she feels that he/she can manage by himself /herself.Telephone number, se section 4. Burns Burns can be divided as follows:Degree I: superficial part skin injury Degree II: deep part skin injury Degree III: full skin injuryMeasures at the place of injury:1. Rinse abundantly and for a long time with water. Remember not to use ice-cold water – better to use slightly warmer water and to be able to cool for a longer time. 2. Prevent shock. 3. Protect with a bandage. 4. Do not remove clothing which covers the injury.Always seek medical care in the event of large burns, deep burns or burns on the face, feet or joints. Eye injuries In the event of chemicals in the eye:1. Rinse the eye with warm water in an eye shower for at least 15 minutes. 2. A doctor shall always be seen in the event of a chemical in the eyes. Take a portable eye shower and continue to rinse the eye during the transport to the hospital. It is important to maintain uninterrupted rinsing. 3. If acid or alkali enters the eyes, use the eye shower which contains a buffered salt solution.In the case of an eye injury, first telephone the eye emergency number for advice. The emergency reception at the St. Erik Eye Hospital, Polhemsgatan 50, is open from 8.00 am to 16.00 pm. At other hours, travel to the emergency reception at Danderyd Hospital or the Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge.Corrosive injuries The safety data sheets/product information sheets for all chemicals and poisoning which are to be used shall be available in the laboratory. If in doubt, telephone 112 in emergency cases and request”poison information”. 21 (31) In less acute situations, telephone the Swedish Poisons Information Centre.After an accident All near-accidents or accidents which occur in the School for or near-accident Chemical Science and Engineering shall be reported to KTH’s central office, according to the following routine: https://intra.kth.se/anstallning/arbetsmiljo/anmalan-av-tillbud- risk-och-arbetsskada-1.490817 Personal injuries shall also be reported to the regional social insurance office. For more information, contact your safety officer.15. 3.2 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)See the instructions below showing how to examine the injured person. In the event of a respiratory arrest, carry out manual CPR until somebody has fetched the defibrillator; see item 3.3.3 for a chart showing where it can be found.22 (31) 16. 3.3 Plan of action and evacuation in the event of a fireA fire is always serious and can have disastrous consequences for the individuals and for the work. You must therefore have a fundamental knowledge of the regulations concerning fire and evacuation. Knowledge saves lives, property and the work. Study carefully therefore the notices showing evacuation routes, and make sure that you know where the fire extinguishers are placed, the evacuation routes (and also the alternative evacuation routes) and assembly points. An alarm must always be taken very seriously.23 (31) WARN Warn your surroundings that a fire has started. Use the alarm button to trigger the fire and evacuation alarm, unless this has taken place automatically. RESCUE Rescue and help all the persons who are in immediate danger and evacuate the premises. If possible, close the doors and windows to reduce the spreading of the fire and smoke. Crawl out of a burning or smoke-filled room. In the case of a fire, the smoke rises and this means that there is better vision and that it is less dangerous to breathe down by the floor. CALL THE Call the emergency rescue service by dialling 112 and requesting the ALARM fire service EXTINGUISH Extinguish the fire if you judge that this is possible without taking any unnecessary risk. EVACUATE Evacuate the building via the evacuation routes shown on the evacuation plan and follow the guiding signs.Go to the assembly point indicated on the evacuation plan, stay there and wait for information from your manager or a fire officer. After an accident Evacuation counts as a near-accident or accident and shall be or near-accident reported to KTH’s central office, see 3.1. Forms and information can be found at: https://intra.kth.se/anstallning/arbetsmiljo/anmalan-av-tillbud-risk- och-arbetsskada-1.490817Fire Sign showing the Sign showing the Sign showing the extinguisher evacuation route evacuation plan assembly point 17. 3.3.1 Detailed description of measures to be adopted in the event of a fireThe School for Chemical Science and Engineering has an automatic fire and evacuation alarm which is directly linked to the Emergency Rescue and Fire Service (Räddningstjänsten), but this does not apply for the Division of Surface Chemistry and Corrosion Science, Drottning Kristinas väg 51. The alarm can be triggered manually if necessary through alarm buttons which are placed along the evacuation routes. In the event of a fire and evacuation, the alarm bells sound and the lamps blink (where these are installed). Doors held open with magnets will be automatically closed in the event of a fire to prevent the fire from spreading.24 (31) Sounding the In the case of a fire and/or risk of a fire, explosion or gas discharge, alarm the Emergency Rescue Service (SOS-alarm) shall be called, telephone 112. This also applies if the automatic alarm has been activated, in order to check that the call has been received and to give information about what has happened. In addition to the SOS-alarm, call the KTH-alarm at telephone 08-790 77 00.In talks with SOS-alarm, give clear information about the name and address and what has happened: fire, gas discharge etc.Meet the Emergency Rescue Service to show the way and provide complementary information.In the event of a gas or chemical discharge, you shall press the call button to evacuate the building and at the same time call the Emergency Rescue Service, 112.A direct call to 112 means that they understand that the call is serious, and that they will receive information as to what has triggered the call. Extinguishers Carbon dioxide, powder and foam extinguishers, fire blankets and emergency showers are placed in strategic positions in the corridors, laboratories etc.For a fire in electric equipment, use a carbon dioxide extinguisher.For a fire involving a solvent, use a carbon dioxide, powder or foam extinguisher.More information on the various types of fire extinguishers and their fields of application is given on the next two pages. Extinguishing In the event of a small fire – use the portable fire extinguisher. Extinguish a fire in clothing with a fire blanket, an article of clothing (not a garment of a synthetic material) or an emergency shower. Fire in the RESCUE, ALARM, EXTINGUISH laboratory Evacuate the laboratory immediately Evacuate injured persons Call the Emergency Rescue Service, 112. If the fire is limited, and only if it can be done without the risk of personal injury, start extinguishing. Close the doors to the laboratory if the fire proves to be difficult to extinguish. This reduces the oxygen supply and inhibits the spreading of the fire.25 (31) When the alarm sounds, the whole building must be evacuated. Evacuation When the evacuation alarm sounds, the following applies.Stop working as soon as possible, but in a safe and secure way. In the case of work in a fume cupboard, the work shall rapidly be concluded in such a way that safety is ensured for a long time in the future. Thereafter, all the openings to the fume cupboards must be closed. Check that no persons are left in the room. Close the doors and windows after you. The fire protection manager (yellow-orange vest) and appointed evacuation leaders (orange vests) shall check that all the rooms close to the fire have been evacuated, that the staff has started the evacuation and that all the inner doors have been closed. Any person remaining, e.g. somebody in the toilet, a functionally disabled person etc., must be reported to the rescue leader.If teaching is in progress on the premises, the teacher is the evacuation leader for the student group.Use the alternative evacuation routes if necessary. Never go through smoke.All the staff shall immediately go to the building’s assembly point.Stay at the assembly point and await further instructions. You may not re-enter the building before permission is given by the Emergency Rescue Services. The fact that the alarm bells stop ringing does not mean that you can go back into the building.The alternative assembly point is the KTH-hall if the Emergency Rescue Services so request. 1.18.3.3.2 Description of fire extinguishers and fire practiceFire A fire requires combustible material, oxygen and heat. If any of these factors is removed, the fire goes out.Fire Different fire extinguishers are suitable for extinguishing fires in extinguishers different materials. A large portable fire extinguisher is emptied in 20-30 seconds. The working distance varies with the type. With a carbon dioxide extinguisher you must be close to the fire, 1-2 m, and direct the nozzle towards the fire, but foam and powder extinguishers are effective at a distance of 5-10 m. It is important to know how the extinguisher is to be used in order to combat the fire as effectively as possible.26 (31) Fire extinguishers are used as follows:Carry the fire extinguisher by the lower handle and loosen the safety catch by pulling it straight out.Bend down and stand as close to the fire as possible.Hold the nozzle in a firm grip and direct it towards the centre of the fire.Activate the extinguisher by pressing down the upper handle. Move the hose in small movements so that the extinguishing agent is spread out.A used fire extinguisher must always be refilled.At the School for Chemical Science and Engineering, carbon dioxide extinguishers are placed in all the laboratories. Powder extinguishers are placed outside the storerooms for chemicals and solvent storerooms. Foam extinguishers are placed in office environments.Carbon dioxide This contains carbon dioxide (a gas) which extinguishes a fire rapidly extinguisher and “cleanly” but on the other hand extinguishes glowing embers poorly. It is important to direct the mouthpiece towards the centre of the fire, not the flames. When extinguishing with carbon dioxide, the fire can blaze up again unless the object has had time to cool down sufficiently before the carbon dioxide has disappeared. Carbon dioxide is not conductive and it can therefore be used with advantage to extinguish fires in electric equipment. The carbon dioxide is very cold and shall not be used to extinguish a fire in clothing or be directed towards people. Foam A foam extinguisher effectively quenches a fire in fibrous materials extinguisher (e.g. wood, paper, textiles) and burning liquids. The foam forms a dense covering layer and extinguishes and cools the fire. The foam remains as a protection against re-ignition. The foam is electrically conducting and is not suitable for use in extinguishing fires in electrical equipment. Powder A powder extinguisher quenches most types of fire and is highly extinguisher effective. The disadvantage is that the powder is difficult to decontaminate and causes a mess – but the fire does that also. Avoid therefore using a powder extinguisher in a room with sensitive equipment. The powder does not conduct an electric current and this means that it is suitable for extinguishing fires in electrical equipment. 27 (31) Fire drill and KTH regularly arranges fire drills and training for the staff of KTH. training Make sure that you participate in such training. 19. 3.3.3 Assembly points in the event of an evacuation alarm and defibrillator postsAssembly points in the event of an evacuation: Parking place behind YKI-buildingYard in front of Teknikringen 30Not relevant because of the construction siteBeneath yellow K at Teknikringen 3428 (31)  Teknikringen 30, level 5, Chemistry; opposite the elevator. Teknikringen 38A, level 4, Greenhouse Labs; by the elevator. Teknikringen 42 (level 4), Chemical engineering; outside school office. Teknikringen 48 (level 4), Lecture lab; by the connecting corridor Teknikringen 56, level 3, Fibre and polymer technology, in lobby outside K1 Dr. Kristinas väg 51, level 4, Surface and corrosion science; main entrance. 29 (31) 20. 3.4 Plan of action in the event of a power failureContact Akademiska Hus on the emergency telephone 020-55 20 00 (open all day).Blackout In the event of a total blackout, evacuation of the premises should be considered. If possible, someone should remain to check that nothing unexpected happens with equipment that was switched on during the power failure (hot plates, distillation equipment etc.). Elevators In the event of a power failure, the elevators cease to work, which can mean that persons and goods can become stuck in an elevator. All the elevators at KTH have an emergency alarm, and the signal is then heard in the adjacent stairway. The emergency telephone signal goes to an on-duty technician twenty-four hours a day. Ventilation In the event of a power failure, the ventilation is switched off. Close all system the fume chambers to prevent the escape of solvent vapour. Switch off all sensitive instruments which may involve a a risk or may be damaged when the power returns. Evacuate all the laboratories and shut the laboratory doors. Equipment linked to the pre-locked electrical sockets on the fume chambers remain switched off until the electricity to the fume cupboard is switched on manually. The evacuation manager or the safety officer shall decide whether the premises should be evacuated.If a ”dangerous experiment” is undertaken which cannot be stopped in the event of a power failure, the preliminary risk assessment shall indicate the action to be taken and the measures to be adopted in the event of a power failure. 21. 3.5 Plan of action in the event of a water failureIn the case of a planned disturbance in the water supply, advance information will be given to all those who may suffer from the failure. In the event of an unplanned water failure, contact Akademiska Hus on the emergency telephone 020-55 20 00 (open all day).Laboratory work Do not plan any laboratory work which requires the continuous availability of tap water if a water stoppage is planned.The supervisor and safety officer shall decide whether normal laboratory work without any risk factor can be carried out during a planned water failure. If work is carried out, eye shower bottles must be available in the laboratory.30 (31) The risk assessment of a planned experiment shall always include what may happen and what is to be done in the event of a sudden and unplanned water failure. This is particularly important in all activities which require cooling water. In experiments where there is a risk of fire, explosion or other accident in the event of a sudden loss of cooling water, safety equipment must be installed in the form of a flow meter which automatically switches off the power when the water flow drops below a given level 22.4 Important telephone numbersSOS-alarm 112KTH–alarm 7700Poisons information centre emergency 112, less acute 08-33 12 31St Erik Eye Hospital, emergencies 08-672 31 00Health care advice, Health care guide 1177Akademiska hus – alarm 020-55 20 00Stockholm’s three largest taxi companiesTaxi Stockholm 08-15 00 00 Taxi 020 020-20 20 20 Taxi Kurir 08-30 00 0023.5 Links and literatureSee information on the homepage: http://intra.che.kth.se/miljo-och-sakerhet http://intra.che.kth.se/kemikalier-och-instr31 (31)

Mikael Lindström, Director

Details

Download

Copyright

We respect the copyrights and intellectual property rights of all users. All uploaded documents are either original works of the uploader or authorized works of the rightful owners.

Support