<p> Focus Group Summary of themes/events described in the historical timeline poster and discussion  The strength of the Panaillo food system has been declining over the past several decades  Discussion of foundation of Panaillo in 1954, including the traditional authority structure that was utilized (e.g. curaca)  Every 15-20 years, a large flood destroyed the community and they would relocate  Description of Panaillo’s location pre-2004 (“Old Panaillo”) o Location was close to large lakes and abundant land for forest gardens (chacra) o Abundance of plantain and fish, especially large fish species like the paiche (Arapaima gigas) o More variety of food available- including turtles and other wildlife o Better household nutrition overall o More frequent use of traditional plants o Stronger traditional customs overall, including the use of language and traditional dress o Did not flood frequently (Only once every ~5 years)  Extreme flood and erosion destroyed the community in 2004  Loss of tradition that occurred over the past few decades (e.g., “Western” education and political system) o Discrimination in schools and government offices, especially if community member is wearing traditional dress, so many no longer wear traditional dress or speak Shipibo Men’s  Decline in fish populations after fishermen came into the area and used large fish traps and poison to increase fish catch Focus o Traditionally, fishermen use spears or harpoons; Increasingly, traps are being utilized Group o Younger generations do not know how to make a harpoon, spear or canoe for fishing (They are “too busy studying” and are “not interested in learning”)  Current location of Panaillo o Smaller population- many did not return o Flooding every year, which kills the crops and makes fishing difficult o Still enjoy fish abundance during the mijano in the dry season each year  Now community members no longer want to stay in Panaillo o More households are migrating to the city as a result of 1) flooding and 2) education and employment o When a community member leaves to be educated, they usually do not return and they lose their tradition o Difficulties in the city for community members (e.g., lack of land, lack of traditional custom, discrimination) o Lack of plantain in current location of Panaillo, including reliance on city markets to purchase plantain and other food items  Construction of the road in 2009 o Beneficial to travel to the city quickly but expensive  Extreme flooding in 2010-2011 o Did not receive any external support Women’s  Discussion of traditions in Panaillo several decades ago (e.g. traditional authority structure (curaca), traditional dress and Focus face paint) Group  Description of Panaillo’s location pre-2004 (“Old Panaillo”) o Greater abundance and variety of food, including plants, birds, monkeys, fish, and plantain o Women make traditional ceramics and textiles to sell for money o Clean and organized community o Each household was able to produce enough to maintain good nutrition  Extreme flood and erosion destroyed the community in 2004  Decline in fish populations after fisherman came into the area and used large fish traps and poison to increase fish catch o Women can sometimes sell traditional handicrafts to these fishermen  Illegal loggers entered the area and now there is scarcity of high-quality timber  Younger generations no longer know how to make ceramics so they cannot rely on ceramics for income  Current location in Panaillo o Smaller population- many have migrated and ‘forgotten’ about their community o Now there are elders in the community without children to take care of them o The children have lost their respect for elders and have become like the mestizos (non-indigenous) in the city o Worse nutrition overall now o There are not as many fish in the area o No longer have as large forest gardens (chacras) but can now cultivate on the sandbar o Flooding occurs every year and often ruins their crops and/or removes newly-planted seeds o Now it is more important to sell traditional handicrafts, but there is not a stable market with fair prices  Extreme flooding in 2010-2011 o Never receive government assistance Online Resource #3: Historical Timeline Focus Group Summary</p>