<p> POLS 205 American National Government Lecture 2: Politics, Power and other Dirty Words</p><p>Political ______The study of those relationships involving ______and ______, especially those including ______(Wassermann)</p><p>This is an OLD discipline! The Greek’s three legitimate forms of good government: Monarchy—rule by ______leader Aristocracy—rule by a ______good men ______—rule by the many</p><p>What is Government? A Linguistics Waterfall • Government is the individuals, institutions, & processes that make the ______for society and possess the ______to enforce them</p><p>• ______is the pursuit and exercise of power</p><p>• Power is the possession of control over others</p><p>• Democracy means rule by the ______</p><p>• Republic is a form of government in which ______are ______(they are in control), but their power is exercised by their elected ______</p><p>Politics Harold ______: Who gets what, when and how ______said politics was about "who could do what to whom"</p><p>______• The ability of one person to get another person to act in accordance with the first person’s intentions. (Wilson) • The ability to influence another’s behavior. (Wasserman) • Power, like money is a means to other ends.</p><p>Authority • The ______to use power • Legitimate Power • ______basis • Accepted as right</p><p>• “should” • Deserves ______• An ______form of power – (no need for force if you should obey)</p><p>• “Anyone can clear a street with a gun. Only an accepted ______can do it with just a word.” (Wasserman)</p><p>Authority, by George… "The very idea of the power and the right of the People to ______Government presupposes the duty of every Individual to ______the established Government." George Washington (Farewell Address, September 19, 1796)</p><p>It is a wonderful conundrum: Legitimate ______, and the respect thereof can give you a firm foundation for freedom and individual ______!</p><p>So now you have a few structural questions to answer…</p><p>Tell us how you really feel, Publius… • A common passion or interest will, in almost every case, be felt by a majority of the whole; a communication and concert result from the form of government itself; and there is nothing to check the inducements to sacrifice the weaker party or an obnoxious individual. Hence it is that such ______have ever been spectacles of turbulence and contention; have ever been found incompatible with personal security or the rights of property; and have in general been as short in their lives as they have been violent in their ______. </p><p>Democracy Derived from the Greek words – ______(the people) – ______(authority) Made the framers nervous! – Democracy = ______rule Democracy - A system of government in which ultimate political ______is vested in the ______(Schmidt) </p><p>Two forms of Democracy - Direct and Indirect</p><p>Limited ______Democracy • Direct (______) democracy ______citizens participate in decisions seen as best for ______and simple political units Townhall meetings of New England • A minority of states have some form of direct democracy ______Referendum Recall • ______– The wave of the future?</p><p>Mostly Representative (Indirect) Democracy Representative democracy citizens choose ______representatives serve ______terms representatives have ______powers</p><p>• Senator Blanche ______, Senator Mark ______, Representative Vic ______, President Barack ______</p><p>• Wilson quotes Schumpeter… the institutional arrangement where individuals acquire the power to decide by means of a competitive ______for the people’s ______. We call this…</p><p>A ______A form of government in which ______elected by the ______make and enforce laws and policies. (Schmidt)</p><p>• We are ______a republican form of government! (Article IV, section 4)</p><p>• Representation, with the consent of the ______governed. • So, what do we have? Governmental Salsa: a little of this, a little of that: A representative ______in the form of a democratic ______!</p><p>A Little Historical Background: Two Conflicting Ideals Elitism Caste or Class Elitism: ______Better Modern Elitism: Some people are ______than others, either by birth, by choice, by effort, or by nature. • Elitists groups include: Country Clubs; NASCAR The NFL; The Miss America Pageant Universities; College Graduates</p><p>Egalitarianism • Colonial Egalitarianism: Self evident: All men are created ______… – White, land owning males – We have an equal say, and as ______equal ______, but not necessarily equal gifts or skills</p><p>• A more modern interpretation: Everyone is, can be, or should be equal. – No Child Left Behind – Every child a reader (by fourth grade) – Equality of opportunity or ______? – Equality of skills or gifts? NO Equality of ______? YES</p><p>Elite Power ______Those who get more than others of the values society has available. (Wasserman) Elite power theory: society is ruled by a ______number of people who exercise power in their self interest. (Schmidt)</p><p>Evolving Egalitarianism All men are created equal… So far so good… (The longer we go with no problems, the more ______we tend to become.) Rock the Vote; Hip Hop Vote Technological changes - ______</p><p>American Elites - Elites: Those who get ______than others of the values society has available, such as wealth, prestige, or security. (Wasserman) - Elite power theory: society is ruled by a small number of people who exercise power in their self interest. (Schmidt) - What makes us different: We believe we all have the potential to become elites if we work hard enough. Our elites aren’t born, they are ______.</p><p>An alternative to the Elite Power Theory: Pluralism – applying ______to make good policy</p><p>Pluralism A ______theory of democracy.</p><p>Society contains many conflicting groups with access to government officials, and these groups ______with one another to influence policy decisions. The compromises that result become public ______.</p><p>Key Concepts of Pluralism: ______of Power Opposing pressures: Duke-ing it out in the marketplace of ideas Bargaining ______-trading: Groups must bargain with each other to obtain their goals ______Accommodation: Half a loaf IS better… Consensus Agreement: ______acceptance of foundational values and specific policy choices</p><p>Keeping Pluralism In Check Democracy is two wolves and a lamb voting on what to have for lunch. Liberty is a ______lamb contesting the vote! Benjamin Franklin </p><p>• Democracies ______when the people realize that they can vote themselves other people’s money… Democracies that ______have strong constitutions, working checks and balances, multiple safety valves, and active, well informed citizens.</p><p>Two Other Schools of Thought Marxism Carl ______Those who control the ______also control the government . ______is simply a reflection of underlying economic forces. Bureaucratic Control Max ______Those who control the government… also ______the government. ______officials and ______government workers exercise vast power by deciding how to translate public laws into administrative actions.</p><p>In order to form a more perfect union… </p><p>Core American Beliefs: ______Democracy ______of worth Individual ______Private property Capitalism Patriotism and exceptionalism</p><p>Central Question: The ______of man</p><p>What you believe informs how you create a government.</p><p>Constitutional Quizzes First one is August 31 – Sept. 3 in the testing lab.</p><p>• Testing lab info and policy on my website.</p><p>• Helpful (but horribly cheesy) study links on the Website!</p>