<p> Biology Condensed EOCT Study Guide Worksheet</p><p>Directions: Use your Biology EOCT Study Guide to answer the questions below on a “separate” sheet of notebook paper.</p><p>ECOLOGY 1. Explain the difference in abiotic and biotic factors and give an example of each. 2. Explain the difference in niche and habitat and give an example of each.</p><p>3. Explain the term populations and what is meant by population density.</p><p>4. Draw the Exponential and Logistic Growth curve and explain the difference in each.</p><p>5. What is carry capacity? </p><p>6. Where is carrying capacity located in a Logistic Growth Curve Diagram?</p><p>7. Explain the difference in density-dependent and density-independent limiting factors and give an example of each.</p><p>8. Define ecosystem.</p><p>9. Explain the difference in terrestrial, aquatic, and salt water ecosystems.</p><p>10. Define biomes.</p><p>11. List the 6 Terrestrial Biomes and write descriptions of each. Include temperature, precipitation, abiotic and biotic factors in your descriptions.</p><p>12. List the 4 Aquatic Biomes and write descriptions of each. Include temperature, precipitation, abiotic and biotic factors in your descriptions.</p><p>13. Define: sun, producers (what are they), photosynthesis, glucose, autotrophs, consumers, heterotrophs, decomposers, food chain, food web.</p><p>14. Draw an example of a food chain.</p><p>15. Draw an example of a food web.</p><p>16. Define energy pyramid.</p><p>17. Explain how energy is transferred through each level of an energy pyramid. Draw an example of this energy transfer in an energy pyramid.</p><p>18. Define: succession, primary succession, climax community, secondary succession.</p><p>19. Define: pollution, renewable, nonrenewable.</p><p>20. What is the main cause of Air Pollution? Give examples of air pollution.</p><p>21. How is smog formed?</p><p>1 22. What is acid rain?</p><p>23. List examples of what can happen (what damage can occur) as a result of acid rain.</p><p>24. How is carbon dioxide related to air pollution?</p><p>25. Explain the greenhouse effect.</p><p>26. List a benefit of the ozone layer.</p><p>27. Why is the ozone layer thinning?</p><p>28. Where do CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) come from?</p><p>29. List examples of what causes water pollution.</p><p>30. List several ways that we can conserve energy.</p><p>31. Define: tropism, geotropism, phototropism, thigmotropism.</p><p>32. Define: hormones, auxins, gibberellins, abscisic acid</p><p>33. Define: instincts, territorial behavior, aggression, migration, hibernation, estivation, habituation, and imprinting</p><p>34. List and explain several mechanical defenses used by animals.</p><p>35. List and explain several chemical defenses used by animals.</p><p>CELLS 36. Explain the differences in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Give examples of each. 37. Explain the functions of the following organelles: nucleus, chloroplasts, golgi bodies, mitochondria, ribosomes, cell membranes, cell wall.</p><p>38. Define homeostasis.</p><p>39. Which of the following requires energy? Passive transport or active transport?</p><p>40. Define passive transport.</p><p>41. List three types of passive transport.</p><p>42. Explain diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated transport (facilitated diffusion).</p><p>43. Define active transport.</p><p>44. Explain endocytosis and exocytosis.</p><p>45. Define enzymes.</p><p>46. List 3 characteristics of enzymes.</p><p>2 47. Define: substrates, products, active site, and activation energy.</p><p>48. What is RNA polymerase?</p><p>49. List the FOUR major macromolecules.</p><p>50. Write descriptions for: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.</p><p>51. Define diffusion.</p><p>52. Define osmosis.</p><p>ORGANISMS 53. What is ATP? 54. ATP has how many phosphate groups? ADP has how many phosphate groups?</p><p>55. Define: autotrophs, chlorophyll, chloroplasts, stroma, and grana and photosynthesis.</p><p>56. What is the equation for photosynthesis.</p><p>57. Explain what happens in “The Light Reaction” of Photosynthesis.</p><p>58. Explain what happens in “The Dark Reaction” or Calvin Cycle of photosynthesis.</p><p>59. Define cellular respiration.</p><p>60. What is the equation for cellular respiration.</p><p>61. Compare the equations for cellular respiration and photosynthesis.</p><p>62. List and explain the TWO main reactions of Cellular Respiration.</p><p>63. What is glycolysis?</p><p>64. The order of Cellular Respiration is as follows: Glycolysis Krebs Cycle  Electron Transport Chain. Copy the transitions that occur (part with arrows below the three parts listed above).</p><p>65. List the Six Kingdoms and provide a description for each one.</p><p>66. Define taxonomy and taxonomist.</p><p>67. What are the 7 levels of classification?</p><p>68. Define virus.</p><p>69. Are viruses living or nonliving?</p><p>70. What must a virus do in order to reproduce?</p><p>GENETICS 71. What is genetics? 72. What makes up a nucleotide?</p><p>3 73. What are the four nitrogen bases of DNA?</p><p>74. What is DNA replication?</p><p>75. Where is DNA located in Eukaryotic cells?</p><p>76. Where is DNA located in Prokaryotic cells?</p><p>77. Is DNA double stranded or single stranded?</p><p>78. Is RNA double stranded or single stranded?</p><p>79. What is transcription?</p><p>80. Where does transcription occur in the cell?</p><p>81. Which RNA is used in transcription?</p><p>82. What is translation?</p><p>83. Where does translation occur in the cell? Which organelle is used during translation?</p><p>84. What RNA is used in translation?</p><p>85. Define codon.</p><p>86. Define anticodon.</p><p>87. Define: dominant, recessive, alleles, genotype, phenotype, homozygous, heterozygous, monohybrid, dihydrid and Punnett square.</p><p>88. What type of reproduction is mitosis?</p><p>89. What happened when Mendel crossed Tall plants with short plants?</p><p>90. What happened when he allowed the F1 (plants from cross above) plants to self-pollinate?</p><p>91. Explain the Law of Dominance, the Law of Segregation, and the Law of Independent Assortment.</p><p>92. What is produced during meiosis?</p><p>93. What happens during meiosis 1 and meiosis 2?</p><p>94. Define: crossing over, genetic recombination, DNA gene mutations, mutagens, spontaneous mutations, base pair substitutions, base insertion, base deletion.</p><p>95. List three advantages of asexual reproduction.</p><p>96. Is the offspring identical of different in asexual reproduction?</p><p>97. List three advantages of sexual reproduction.</p><p>98. List a disadvantage to sexual reproduction.</p><p>4 99. Explain the advances that are used with DNA technology in: medicine, forensics, agriculture, and genetic engineering.</p><p>EVOLUTION 100. What did Lamarck contribute to the theory of evolution? 101. Explain the information that influenced Darwin’s view of natural selection/ evolution.</p><p>102. Define adaptation.</p><p>103. Define natural selection.</p><p>104. List 3 modes of evolution and give a description of each.</p><p>105. What is biodiversity?</p><p>106. Explain the difference in ecosystem, species, and genetic diversity.</p><p>107. What are molecular clocks?</p><p>108. What is speciation?</p><p>109. What is geographic isolation?</p><p>110. What is gradualism?</p><p>111. What is punctuated equilibrium?</p><p>112. List the scientific evidence that supports the theory of evolution.</p><p>113. What is radioisotope dating?</p><p>114. What is relative dating?</p><p>115. Define fitness and variation.</p><p>116. Explain natural, stabilizing, directional, and disruptive selection.</p><p>117. Explain viruses ability to evolve.</p><p>118. Define accuracy and precision.</p><p>119. Write the steps to the scientific method.</p><p>5</p>