<p> ANALYSIS OF POLITENESS IN HOTEL TRANSYLVANIA</p><p>Dilla Kartika Andriansyah E-mail : [email protected] STKIP Siliwangi Bandung</p><p>ABSTRACT The paper discusses the choice of politeness used by two main character in the dialogue of movie “Hotel Transylvania”. The researcher used Brown and Levinson’s politeness theory. The method in this research was qualitative method. The techniques used in collecting data are choosing movie as the research object, observing movie, download the script movie, and identified the kind of politeness from the script. The result of this research showed there are 87 data (48 expresssions) is positive politeness, (12 expressions) used negative politeness , (26 expression) used bald off record, and the last (1 expression) used bald on record. The conclusion showing that positive politeness mostly used by the main character.</p><p>Keywords : Politeness, and Hotel Transylvania Movies</p><p>A. INTRODUCTION public self-image, or their face wants, will A. Pragmatics is the study of meaning in be respected. Alternatively, given the relation to speech situation. Aspects of possibility that some action might be speech situation further provide a criterion interpreted as a threat to another’s face , the to refer in determining whether we deal with speaker can say something to lessen the pragmatic or semantic phenomenon (Leech, possible threat. This called a face saving act. 1983: 13-4) . A linguistic interaction is D. From all the statements above, necessarilly a social interaction. In order to the authors realize the importance of the look at various factors which relate to social meaning of a phrase. and analyzing distance and closeness. Some of these expressions using politeness theories factors are established prior to an interaction considered attractive by the author. and hence are largely external factors. They Therefore, the authors wanted to examine typically involve the relative status of the politeness of a movie entitled "Hotel participants, based on social values tried to Transylvania”. such things as age and power. We take part in a wide reange of interactions (mostly with E. strangers) where the social distance F. determined by external factors is dominant. G. However, there are other factors , such as H. amount of imposition or degree of B. THERITICAL REVIEW friendliness, which are often negotiated A. Pragmatics during an interaction. These are internal to I. Pragmatics according to Levinson the interaction and can result in the initial (1985:21) is the study of the relation social distance changing and being marked between language and context that are as less, or more, during its course. These basic to an account of language internal factors are typically more relavant understanding. He also states that to participants whose social relationships are pragmatics is the study of relation actually in the process of being worked out between language and context that are within the interaction. Both types of grammaticalyzed, or encoded in the factorss, external and internal, have an structure of a language (1985:9). In influence not only what we say, but also on studying language, one cannot ignore how we are interpreted. the situation which is the speech B. uttered. There is close relation C. Within their everyday between an utterance and situations. social interactions, people generally behave Thus, pragmatics includes the as if their expectations concerning their relavant context or situation, instead minimize the distance between them by of the language usage. expressing friendliness and solid interest in B. Politeness the hearer’s need to be respected. In addition J. Politeness is a system of interpersonal to hedging and attempts to avoid conflict, relations designed to facilitate some strategies of positive politeness include interaction by human interaction by statements of friendship, solidarity, and minimizing, potential conflict and compliments. confrontation inherent in all human O. Positive politeness techniques interchange (Yule, 1996:106). In are usable not only for FTA redress, but in communication, politeness can be general as a kind of social accelerator, where defined as the means to show S, in using them, indicates the he wants to awareness of another person’s face. ‘come closer’ to H. Face means public self-image of P. person . it refers to that emotional and 2) Negative Politeness social sense of self that every person Q. Negative politeness are oriented has and expects everyone else to towards the hearer’s negative face and recognize (Yule, 1996:134). emphasize avoidance of imposition on the K. Brown and Levinson’s work hearer. These strategies presume that the consist of two part. The first part is speaker will be imposing on the listener and their fundamental theory concerning there is a higher potential for awkwardness or the nature of politeness and how it embarrasment than in bald on record and functions in interaction. The second positive politeness. Negative face is the desire part is their face theory which to remain autonomous so the speaker is more contains three basic notions: face, apt to include an out for the listener, through face threatening acts (FTAs) and distancing styles like apologies. politeness strategies. R. a. Face Threatening Acts (FTAs) 3) Bald on Record L. Face is defined as an individual’s self S. Bald on record usually do not attempt esteem. It has two aspects, namely negative to minimize the threat to the hearer’s face, and positive face. Negative face is ‘the desire altough there are ways that bald on-record to be unimpeded in one’s actions’ and politeness can be used in trying to minimize positive face is ‘the desire (in some respect) to FTAs implicity. Often using such a strategy be approved of. When we interact with others will shock or embarras the addressee, and so in society, it is necessary to keep one’s own this strategy is most often utilized in face to avoid threatening another’s face . in situations where the speaker has a close order to avoid these FTAs, we try to employ relationship with the audience, such as family politeness strategies in our interactions. or close friends. Brown and Levinson classify different kind of T. such politeness strategies used according to U. the ways we react to FTAs. They also point out that the determinants of the kinds of V. politeness strategies used are the following 4) Bald off Record three sociological factors : the relative power W. Off record strategy has the main of the hearer over the speaker, the social purpose of taking some pressures off of the distance between the speaker and the hearer, hearer. In this case, the speaker performs an and the ranking of the imposition in doing the act in a vague manner that could be face-threatening act. interpreted by the hearer as some other acts. Such an off record utterance usually uses M. indirect language that construct more general 1) Positive Politeness utterance or actually different from what one N. It is usually seen in groups of friends, mean. Therefore, the interpretation of the or where people in the given social situation utterance greatly depends on the existence of know each other fairly well. It usually tries ti context that frames up the utterance. X. 5. identified once more C. RESEARCH METHODS 1. Research Design 6. take a conclussion from the result of research.</p><p>Y. The writer used qualitative AF. research.A qualitative research design is a research design that places primary 5. Data Analysis importance on studying small samples of AG.To analyze politeness strategies, the purposely chosen individuals; not attempting writer using ‘Hotel Transylvania’ Movie. to control contextual factors, but rather The father and his daughter as its unit of seeking, through a variety of methods, to analysis, including its screenplay which is understand things from the informants’ points produced by Michelle Murdocca. The data of view; and creating a rich and in-depth analyzed through analysis technique, the picture of the phenomena under investigation writer notes, separates and classifies (Tavakoli, 2012:503). utterance in the film’s dialogues into Z. appropriate politeness.</p><p>2. Research Method AH.</p><p>AA. Gay L.R (2006) states that : 6. Unit Analysis Descriptive method is a method of the AI. The unit of analysis of this research research that involves collecting data in order paper is using the dialogue betwen Dracula to answer question concerning the current (as father) and Mavis (his daughter) based status of the subject of the research in on plot of movie’s story. presenting the data, the writer employs a AJ. descriptive method. D. RESULT AND DISCUSSION AK. A.Result AB. AL. AM. Data 1 3. Instrument AN. Mavis : “(1.1) What out AC. The instrument of this research there?” is the writer her self by watching the movie AO. Father : “(1.2) oh we never go ‘Hotel Transylvania’ and reading the film’s out there. Ever!” script. AP. AD. AQ. (1.2) what out there? Is a kind of positive politeness, because S 4. Data Collection tries to minimize the distance. The utterance shows Mavis who wanted to be AE. To collect the data, there are 6 closer with her father, and asked for her steps : father’s aproval to be allowed out of the hotel. 1. choosing movie as the research AR. (1.2) oh we never go subject. out there. Ever! Is a kind of negative 2. observing the movie. politeness because father speaks more of the interests of listeners. The father insisted 3. download the script movie.. that his daughter remained in the hotel. Mavis just need an answer yes or no, but 4. Identified the kind of politeness from the father are more confirms by saying the script. “Ever!” it means never forever he will allow Mavis to out of the hotel. AS. smoothly. One way to maintain other’s AT. face is by applying politeness. Politeness is AU. communication strategy that people use to AV.Data 2 maintain and develop relationship (related AW. Father : “(2.1) And burned goal) and a technical term in language their clothes and bit their study to signify the strategies we use to toes! And took their candy” achieve our goals without threatening the self-respect of others. There are four kind AX. of politeness, namely positive politeness, AY. (2.1) And burned their clothes negative politeness, bald off record and and bit their toes! And took their candy is a bald on record. kind of bald off record by using BY. overstatement.the father tell the story with BZ. 5. CONCLUSION AND exaggerated up away from the fact. The father SUGGESTION aims is making mavis afraid to the humans. CA. AZ. A. Conclusion CB. The film script of Hotel BA. Data 13 Transylvania after it is analyzed, from 87 data positive politeness (48 expressions) as BB. Mavis : “(13.4) well you the most used politeness, bald off record (26 can’t be sure, it’s all in how expresssions) and followed by negative you present yourself” politeness (12 expressions) and bald on BC. (13.4) well you can’t be sure, record as the last and rarest politeness with it’s all in how you present yourself is a kind one expressions. of bald on record, because making embarras CC. The father often used positive the addresse. Mavis upsetwith her father, she politeness when talking to his speak loud and embarrasing her father in front daughter because he was wanted to be of everyone. closer to his daughter, always pay The table below show what attention to his daughter condition, politeness mostly used by the main the most plausible reason is because characters troughout the the father is very dear to his daughter, conversation. so he always avoid contradiction, BD. Ch BE. F BF. M joking and always promised to always aracter ather avis keep his daughter. BG. Po CD. As well as the father, liteness Mavis also often used positive BJ. Po BK. 2 BL. 2 politeness when she talking with her sitive 5 1 father for the same reason. Their politeness relationship are father and daughter, BM. Ne BN. 4 BO. 9 which means having a very close gative attachment to one another so that politeness politeness strategy they used is same. BP. Ba BQ. 1 BR. 1 B. Suggestion ld off 5 4 record 1. The researcher hopes to the next BS. Ba BT. - BU. 1 researcher to conduct research on ld on record politeness strategies in the other form of BV. literary works. Such as, poetry and drama BW. B.Discussion in the purpose of enriching the BX. In the case of communication, pragmatics studies. maintaining others face is needed in order to make communication runs well and 2. The researcher assume that study on CJ. Watts, Richard J. Politeness. politeness involving language other than Cambridge University press.2003 English, so it can be broaden the CK. Brown, Gilliam and george Yule. knowledge in applying linguistic aspect Discourse Analysis. New York : in various language. Cambridge University Press.1983 CL. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/politeness CE. , accesed on 3 october 2015 CM. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/politeness CF. theory accesed on 3 october 2015 CN. Kitamura, Noriko. Adapting Brown CG. Referencess and Levinson theory of Politeness the CH. Brown, Penelope and Stephen Analysis of casual conversation.2000 C.Levinson. Politeness: Some CO. Universal in Language usage: CP. Cambridge University Press. 1987 CI. Fallon, Daniel. Positive and Negative CQ. Politeness. Hildesheim : Hildesheim University press. 2004</p>