<p>ESM S1. List of species and studies in the meta-analysis of clonal integration experiments. CF = clonal form; R= rhizomatous; S= stoloniferous; ED =experimental duration</p><p>Species Family Reference CF ED (d)</p><p>Aegopodium podagraria L. Apiaceae Nilsson and D’Hertefeldt 2008 R 70</p><p>Agrostis stolonifera L. Poaceae Agha et al. 2001 S 30</p><p>Ajuga reptans L. Lamiaceae Dong et al. 2002 S 147</p><p>Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. Amaranthaceae Liu 2005 S 60</p><p>Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. Amaranthaceae Wang et al. 2008 S 90</p><p>Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. Amaranthaceae Wang et al. 2009 S 30</p><p>Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. Amaranthaceae Xu et al. 2010 S 56</p><p>Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. Amaranthaceae Yu et al. 2009 S 90</p><p>Bromus inermis Leyss. Poaceae Yang et al. 2007 R 56</p><p>Bromus inermis Leyss. Poaceae Yang et al. 2009a R 56</p><p>Bromus inermis Leyss. Poaceae Yang et al. 2009b R 56</p><p>Bromus ircutensis Kom. Poaceae Liu et al. 2009 R 80</p><p>Buchloe dactyloides Engelm. Poaceae Sun et al. 2011 S 91</p><p>Calamagrostis canadensis P. Beauv. Poaceae MacDonald and Lieffers 1993 R 60</p><p>Calamagrostis epigejos Roth Poaceae Brezina et al. 2006 R 120</p><p>Calamagrostis epigejos Roth Poaceae Zhang et al. 2003 R 70</p><p>Carex flacca (L.) Cyperaceae de Kroon et al. 1996 R 90</p><p>Carex hirta L. Cyperaceae de Kroon et al. 1996 R 90</p><p>Carex praeclara Nelmes. Cyperaceae He et al. 2005 R 90</p><p>Carex sterilis Willd Cyperaceae Pauliukonis and Gough 2004 R 60</p><p>Carpobrotus edulis (L.) N.E. Br. Aizoaceae Roiloa et al. 2010 S 180</p><p>Cladium mariscoides Muhl. Torr. Cyperaceae Pauliukonis and Gough 2004 R 60</p><p>Cleistogenes squarrosa (Trin.) Keng Poaceae Liu et al. 2007b R 60</p><p>Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Poaceae He et al. 2011 S 90</p><p>Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Poaceae Zhang et al. 2010 S 30</p><p>Diphasiastrum digitatum Dill. ex A. Braun Lycopodiaceae Railing and McCarthy 2000 R 60</p><p>Diplopterygium glaucum (Thunb. ex Houtt.) Nakai Lycopodiaceae Du et al. 2010 R 137</p><p>Duchesnea indica (Andrews) Focke Rosaceae Chen et al. 2006 S 56</p><p>Eleocharis rostellata (Torr.) Torr. Cyperaceae Pauliukonis and Gough 2004 R 60</p><p>Eriophorum angustifolium Honck. Cyperaceae Janeček et al. 2008 R 102</p><p>Fallopia japonica Siebold & Zucc. Polygonaceae Aguilera et al. 2010 R 98</p><p>Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Mill. Rosaceae Alpert and Mooney 1986 S 180</p><p>Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Mill. Rosaceae Alpert 1991 S 175</p><p>Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Mill. Rosaceae Alpert 1999a S 180</p><p>Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Mill. Rosaceae Alpert 1999b S 180</p><p>Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Mill. Rosaceae Alpert et al. 2003 S 90</p><p>1 Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Mill. Rosaceae Friedman and Alpert 1991 S 168</p><p>Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Mill. Rosaceae Holzapfel and Alpert. 2003 S 168</p><p>Fragaria moschata (Duchesne) Weston Rosaceae Sudova and Vosatka 2008 S 60</p><p>Fragaria orientalis Losinsk. Rosaceae Zhang et al. 2008 S 105</p><p>Fragaria vesca L. Rosaceae Chen et al. 2004 S 56</p><p>Fragaria vesca L. Rosaceae Liao et al. 2006 S 60</p><p>Fragaria vesca L. Rosaceae Roiloa and Retuerto 2006a S 180</p><p>Fragaria vesca L. Rosaceae Roiloa and Retuerto 2006b S 56</p><p>Fragaria vesca L. Rosaceae Roiloa and Retuerto 2007 S 77</p><p>Glechoma hederacea L. Lamiaceae Hutchings and Price 1993 S 70</p><p>Glechoma hederacea L. Lamiaceae Slade and Hutchings 1987a S 140</p><p>Glechoma hederacea L. Lamiaceae Slade and Hutchings 1987b S 70</p><p>Glechoma hederacea L. Lamiaceae Slade and Hutchings 1987c S 168</p><p>Glechoma hederacea L. Lamiaceae Wijesinghe and Hutchings 1996 S 70</p><p>Glechoma longituba (Nakai) Kupr. Lamiaceae Zhang and He 2009a S 50</p><p>Glechoma longituba (Nakai) Kupr. Lamiaceae Zhang and He 2009b S 70</p><p>Hedysarum laeve Maxim. Fabaceae Liu et al. 2007a R 90</p><p>Hedysarum laeve Maxim. Fabaceae Yu et al. 2010 R 90</p><p>Hedysarum laeve Maxim. Fabaceae Zhang et al. 2002 R 150</p><p>Hydrocotyle bonariensis Comm. ex Lam. Araliaceae Evans and Whitney 1992 R 60</p><p>Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel. Poaceae Bai et al. 2009 R 730</p><p>Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel. Poaceae Bai et al. 2010 R 730</p><p>Leymus secalinus (Georgi) Tzvelev. Poaceae Sui et al. 2011 R 60</p><p>Maianthemum bifolium (Alph. Wood) A. Nelson & J.F. Macbr. Asparagaceae D'Hertefeldt and Jónsdóttir 1992 R 60</p><p>Panicum virgatum L. Poaceae Hartnett 1993 R 120</p><p>Phyla canescens (Kunth) Verbenaceae Xu et al. 2010 S 56</p><p>Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel ex Houz. Poaceae Li et al. 2000 R 580</p><p>Podophyllum peltatum L. Berberidaceae de Kroon et al. 1991 R 180</p><p>Potentilla anserina L. Rosaceae Stuefer et al. 1994 S 90</p><p>Potentilla anserina L. Rosaceae Stuefer 1995 S 21</p><p>Potentilla anserina L. Rosaceae van Kleunen and Stuefer 1999 S 21</p><p>Potentilla anserina L. Rosaceae Yu et al. 2002 S 56</p><p>Potentilla kleiniana Wight et Arn. Rosaceae Lei et al. 2008 S 60</p><p>Potentilla reptans L. Rosaceae He et al. 2011 S 90</p><p>Potentilla reptans L. Rosaceae Stuefer et al. 1994 S 90</p><p>Potentilla reptans L. Rosaceae Sudova and Vosatka 2008 S 60</p><p>Potentilla simplex Michx. Rosaceae Wijesinghe and Handel 1994 S 150</p><p>Psammochloa villosa (Trin.) Bor Poaceae Liu et al. 2009 R 80</p><p>Psammochloa villosa (Trin.) Bor Poaceae Yu et al. 2004 R 108</p><p>Psammochloa villosa (Trin.) Bor Poaceae Yu et al. 2008 R 115</p><p>Ranunculus reptans L. Ranunculaceae van Kleunen et al. 2000 S 35</p><p>Sabina vulgaris Ant. Cupressaceae He 2000 S 90</p><p>Salvinia molesta Mitchell Salviniaceae Outridge and Hutchinson 1990 R 8</p><p>2 Sasa palmata (hort. ex Burb.) E.G. Camas Poaceae Saitoh et al. 2002 R 770</p><p>Sasa palmata (hort. ex Burb.) E.G. Camas Poaceae Saitoh et al. 2006 R 61</p><p>Schoenoplectus acutus (Muhl. ex Bigelow) A. Löve & D. Löve Cyperaceae Pauliukonis and Gough 2004 R 60</p><p>Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl) Palla Cyperaceae Poor et al. 2005 R 60</p><p>Scirpus maritimus (Lam.) Kartesz Cyperaceae Charpentier et al. 1998 R 120</p><p>Solidago canadensis L. Asteraceae Hartnett and Bazzaz 1983 R 30</p><p>Spartina alterniflora Loisel. Poaceae Xiao et al. 2010 R 90</p><p>Spartina alterniflora Loisel. Poaceae Xiao et al. 2011 R 90</p><p>Syringodium filiforme Kütz. Cymodoceaceae Schwarzschild and Zieman 2008 R 42</p><p>Trifolium repens L. Fabaceae Du et al. 2009 S 90</p><p>Vallisneria spinulosa Yan Hydrocharitaceae Yan et al. 2006 S 100</p><p>Vallisneria spiralis Michx. Hydrocharitaceae Xiao et al. 2006a S 42</p><p>Vallisneria spiralis Michx. Hydrocharitaceae Xiao et al. 2006b S 42</p><p>Vallisneria spiralis Michx. 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MS thesis, Department of </p><p>Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China</p><p>13</p>