Acquiring IT Applications And Infrastructure

File: ch10, Chapter 10: Acquiring IT ApplicationsTrue/False 1. Organizations typically move slowly to acquire new information technologies due to the risks involved. Ans: False Response: See page 3022. Organizations today can buy, lease, or build their own information systems. Ans: True Response: See page 3023. The first step in the IT acquisition process is to create the IT architecture. Ans: False Response: See page 3064. The IT development process is complex. Ans: True Response: See page 3055. The application portfolio in an organization is a set of recommended applications resulting from the planning and justification process in application development. Ans: True Response: See page 3056. The application portfolio in an organization is a set of recommended applications resulting from IT architecture creation process in application development. Ans: False Response: See page 3057. Planning the acquisition of IT resources starts with technical details of the proposed application. Ans: False Response: See page 3068. Planning the acquisition of IT resources starts with an analysis of the organization’s strategic plan. Ans: True Response: See page 3069. The IT planning process begins with an analysis of the organization’s IT infrastructure. Ans: False Response: See page 30610. The organizational strategic plan is the only input needed in developing the IT strategic plan. Ans: False Response: See pages 306-30711. The IT architecture delineates the way an organization’s information resources should be used to accomplish its mission. Ans: True Response: See page 30612. The IT infrastructure delineates the way an organization’s information resources should be used to accomplish its mission. Ans: False Response: See page 30613. The IT architecture includes both technical and managerial aspects of information resources. Ans: True Response: See page 30614. The IT architecture includes only the managerial aspects of information resources. Ans: False Response: See page 306 15. The IT strategic plan is a set of long-range goals that describe the IT infrastructure and major IS initiatives needed to achieve the goal of the organization. Ans: True Response: See page 30616. The IT strategic plan states the mission of the IS department. Ans: True Response: See page 30617. The IT infrastructure states the mission of the IS department. Ans: False Response: See page 30618. The IS operational plan is a set of projects that will be executed by the IS department and by functional area managers. Ans: True Response: See pages 306-30719. Fixed costs include infrastructure cost, cost of IT services, and IT management cost. Ans: True Response: See page 30720. The cost of a system continues after it is installed. Ans: True Response: See page 30821. Evaluating the benefits of IT projects is typically more complex than evaluating their costs. Ans: True Response: See page 30822. Evaluating the costs of IT projects is typically more complex than evaluating their benefits. Ans: False Response: See page 308 23. Benefits are harder to quantify than costs. Ans: True Response: See page 30824. Costs are harder to quantify than benefits. Ans: False Response: See page 30825. In many cases, IT projects generate intangible benefits that may be very desirable but difficult to quantify. Ans: True Response: See page 30826. Financial analyses must consider tangible benefits and intangible benefits. Ans: True Response: See page 30827. Financial analyses of potential IT projects need only consider tangible benefits. Ans: False Response: See page 30828. The Net Present Value method of cost-benefit analysis works well in situations where the costs and benefits of the potential IT project are well defined or tangible enough to convert them into monetary values. Ans: True Response: See page 30829. The Return on Investment method of cost-benefit analysis measures the effectiveness of management in generating profits with its available assets. Ans: True Response: See page 308 30. The Net Present Value method of cost-benefit analysis measures the effectiveness of management in generating profits with its available assets. Ans: False Response: See page 30831. Buying an existing package can be a cost-effective and time-saving strategy compared with developing the application in-house.Ans: True Response: See page 31032. Developing an application in-house can be a cost-effective and time-saving strategy compared with buying an existing application.Ans: False Response: See page 31033. Organizational needs are rarely fully satisfied by buying one software package. Ans: True Response: See page 31034. Organizational needs are typically fully satisfied by buying one software package. Ans: False Response: See page 31035. The buy option is particularly attractive if the software vendor allows the company to modify the package to meet its needs.Ans: True Response: See page 31036. The buy option is particularly attractive when the software is very expensive.Ans: False Response: See page 31037. Companies should not consider changing their business processes to accommodate leased packages. Ans: False Response: See page 31038. Companies should consider changing their business processes to accommodate leased packages, if those packages meet 80 percent of the organizations’ needs. Ans: True Response: See page 31039. Leasing can be especially attractive to small and medium-size organizations that cannot afford major investments in software.Ans: True Response: See page 310-31140. Leasing is more typically more attractive to large organizations than to small organizations.Ans: False Response: See page 310-31141. Insourcing application development is usually more time consuming and expensive than buying or leasing. Ans: True Response: See page 310-31142. Insourcing application development often leads to a better fit with the specific organizational requirements. Ans: True Response: See page 31143. Insourcing application development is usually less time consuming and less expensive than buying or leasing. Ans: False Response: See page 31144. Insourcing application development does not often lead to a better fit with the specific organizational requirements. Ans: False Response: See page 311 45. The systems development life cycle consists of sequential processes by which information systems are developed. Ans: True Response: See page 31146. Today, developers use the waterfall approach on the majority of systems development projects. Ans: False Response: See page 31147. The SDLC has three major advantages: control, accountability, and error detection.Ans: True Response: See page 31248. The SDLC has three major advantages: cost, speed of development, and error detection.Ans: False Response: See page 31249. The later in the development process that errors are detected, the more expensive they are to correct.Ans: True Response: See page 31250. The earlier in the development process that errors are detected, the less expensive they are to correct.Ans: True Response: See page 31251. The earlier in the development process that errors are detected, the more expensive they are to correct.Ans: False Response: See page 31252. The SDLC is relatively inflexible.Ans: True Response: See page 31253. The SDLC is quite flexible because it has a set sequence of steps to follow.Ans: False Response: See page 31254. The SDLC discourages changes to user requirements once they have been established.Ans: True Response: See page 31255. The SDLC encourages changes to user requirements once they have been established.Ans: False Response: See page 31256. The SDLC is time-consuming and expensive.Ans: True Response: See page 31257. The systems investigation stage begins with the business problem or opportunity.Ans: True Response: See page 31258. The systems investigation stage begins with the IT architecture.Ans: False Response: See page 31259. The most important task in the systems investigation stage is developing the technical specifications for the new system. Ans: False Response: See page 31260. Technical feasibility determines if the project is an acceptable financial risk and if the organization can afford the expense and time needed to complete the project. Ans: False Response: See page 31361. Resistance to a new information system may be overt or covert. Ans: True Response: See page 31362. Sabotaging the new system is a form of overt resistance. Ans: True Response: See page 31363. Sabotaging the new system is a form of covert resistance. Ans: False Response: See page 31364. Doing your job the way you have always done it in spite of the new system is a form of overt resistance. Ans: False Response: See page 31365. The most difficult task in systems analysis is identifying the specific information requirements that the system must satisfy. Ans: True Response: See page 31466. The most difficult task in systems analysis is identifying the technical specifications of the new system. Ans: False Response: See page 31467. Systems analysis describes how a system will solve the business problem, and systems design describes what the system must do to accomplish the task. Ans: False Response: See page 314 68. The deliverable of the systems analysis stage is the technical design. Ans: False Response: See page 31469. Logical systems design specifications are abstract. Ans: True Response: See page 31570. Physical systems design specifications are abstract. Ans: False Response: See page 31571. Once all participants approve systems specifications, they should not be changed. Ans: True Response: See page 31572. Once all participants approve systems specifications, they should be changed as needed to keep up with changing business conditions. Ans: False Response: See page 31573. Writing computer code is typically a scientific process that can be engineered. Ans: False Response: See page 31674. Writing computer code is as much art as it is science. Ans: True Response: See page 31675. In structured programming, the loop technique allows the logic flow to branch, depending on certain conditions being met. Ans: False Response: See page 31676. In structured programming, the loop technique enables the program to execute the same program, or parts of the program, until certain conditions are met. Ans: True Response: See page 31677. In structured programming, the decision technique enables the program to execute the same program, or parts of the program, until certain conditions are met. Ans: False Response: See page 31678. In structured programming, the sequence technique enables the program to execute the same program, or parts of the program, until certain conditions are met. Ans: False Response: See page 31679. Testing occurs only at the end of the programming stage. Ans: False Response: See page 31680. Testing occurs continually throughout the programming stage. Ans: True Response: See page 31681. Syntax errors are easier to find than logic errors. Ans: True Response: See page 31682. Logic errors are easier to find than syntax errors. Ans: False Response: See page 316 83. Syntax errors permit the program to run. Ans: False Response: See page 31684. Logic errors permit the program to run. Ans: True Response: See page 31685. Parallel conversion is the process where the old system and the new system operate simultaneously for a period of time. Ans: True Response: See page 31786. Direct conversion is the process where the old system is cut off and the new system is turned on at a certain point in time.Ans: True Response: See page 31787. Parallel conversion is the process where the old system is cut off and the new system is turned on at a certain point in time. Ans: False Response: See page 31788. Pilot conversion is the process where the new system is introduced in one part of the organization. Ans: True Response: See page 31789. Phased conversion is the process where the new system is introduced in one part of the organization. Ans: False Response: See page 31790. Phased conversion is the process where components of the new system are introduced in stages. Ans: True Response: See page 317 91. Pilot conversion is the process where the components of the new system are introduced in stages. Ans: False Response: See page 31792. Parallel conversion is the safest process. Ans: True Response: See page 31793. Direct conversion is the safest process. Ans: False Response: See page 31794. Parallel conversion is the riskiest process. Ans: False Response: See page 31795. Direct conversion is the riskiest process. Ans: True Response: See page 31796. Maintenance ends when the new system is implemented and has run long enough for a systems audit. Ans: False Response: See page 31897. Maintenance continues for the life of the system. Ans: True Response: See page 31898. In the prototyping approach, developers do not try to obtain a complete set of user requirements. Ans: True Response: See page 318 99. In the prototyping approach, developers try to obtain a complete set of user requirements. Ans: False Response: See page 319100. The main advantage of the prototyping approach is that it speeds up the development process. Ans: True Response: See pages 318-319101. The main advantage of the systems development life cycle is that it speeds up the development process. Ans: False Response: See pages 318-319102. Prototyping is an iterative process with a great deal of user involvement. Ans: True Response: See page 318-319103. The systems development life cycle is an iterative process with a great deal of user involvement. Ans: False Response: See page 319104. Prototyping allows the users to clarify their information requirements as they use the prototype. Ans: True Response: See page 319105. The systems development life cycle allows users to clarify their information requirements as they use the system. Ans: False Response: See page 319106. Prototyping generally produces better documentation than the SDLC. Ans: False Response: See page 319107. Prototyping may not produce adequate documentation.Ans: True Response: See page 319108. In joint application design, systems analysts interview or directly observe potential users of the new information system individually to understand each user’s needs.Ans: False Response: See page 319109. The tools used to automate the early stages of the SDLC (systems investigation, analysis, and design) are called upper CASE tools.Ans: True Response: See page 319110. The tools used to automate later stages of the SDLC (programming, testing, operation, and maintenance) are called lower CASE tools.Ans: True Response: See page 319111. The tools used to automate the early stages of the SDLC (systems investigation, analysis, and design) are called lower CASE tools.Ans: False Response: See page 319112. The tools used to automate later stages of the SDLC (programming, testing, operation, and maintenance) are called upper CASE tools.Ans: False Response: See page 319113. CASE tools require more extensive and accurate definition of user requirements.Ans: True Response: See page 319 114. CASE tools are easy to customize.Ans: False Response: See page 319115. The main advantage of rapid application development is the active involvement of users in the development process. Ans: True Response: See page 320116. End-user development usually results in applications that are well documented.Ans: False Response: See page 320117. Objects represent tangible, real-world entities. Ans: True Response: See page 320-321118. Objects represent abstract ideas of systems developers. Ans: False Response: See page 320-321119. Outsourcing is the use of outside contractors or external organizations to acquire IT services. Ans: True Response: See page 321120. An application service provider is a vendor who assembles the software needed by enterprises and packages them with outsourced development, operations, maintenance, and other services. Ans: True Response: See page 322121. The essential difference between an application service provider and an outsourcer is that an ASP will manage application servers in a centrally controlled location, rather than on a customer’s site. Ans: True Response: See page 321-322122. The most difficult task in evaluating a vendor and software package is to determine a set of detailed criteria for choosing the best vendor and package. Ans: True Response: See page 326123. The most difficult task in evaluating a vendor and software package is to determine the financial health and “staying power” of the vendor. Ans: False Response: See page 326124. Service level agreements delineate the division of work between a company and its vendors. Ans: True Response: See page 327Multiple Choice1. IT applications can be developed in which of the following ways? a) build the system in-house b) buy an application and install it c) lease software from an application service provider d) outsource it e) all of the aboveAns: e Response: See page 3022. The information systems planning process proceeds in which order? a) organization mission – organization strategic plan – IS strategic plan – new IT architecture b) organization mission – IS strategic plan – organization strategic plan – IS operational plan c) organization strategic plan – organization mission – IS strategic plan – new IT architecture d) IT architecture – IS strategic plan – organization strategic plan – organization mission e) IS development projects – IS operational plan – new IT architecture – organization missionAns: a Response: See page 306-307 3. A typical IS operational plan contains which of the following elements? a) mission of the IS function b) summary of the information needs of the functional areas and of the entire organization c) IS function’s estimate of its goals d) application portfolio e) all of the aboveAns: e Response: See page 306-3074. Which of the following is not a part of the typical IS operational plan? a) mission of the IS function b) organizational mission c) IT architecture d) application portfolio e) IS function’s estimate of its goalsAns: b Response: See page 3075. Evaluating the benefits of IT projects is more complex than evaluating their costs for which of the following reasons? a) benefits are harder to quantify b) benefits are often intangible c) IT can be used for several different purposes d) probability of obtaining a return from an IT investment is based on the probability of implementation success e) all of the aboveAns: e Response: See page 3086. Evaluating the benefits of IT projects is more complex than evaluating their costs for all of the following reasons except: a) benefits are harder to quantify b) benefits are often tangible c) IT can be used for several different purposes d) probability of obtaining a return from an IT investment is based on the probability of implementation successAns: b Response: See page 3087. The _____ method converts future values of benefits to today’s value by “discounting” them at the organization’s cost of funds. a) net present value b) cost-benefit analysis c) return on investment d) internal rate of return e) business case approachAns: a Response: See page 3088. The _____ method measures the effectiveness of management in generating profits with its available assets. a) net present value b) cost-benefit analysis c) return on investment d) internal rate of return e) business case approachAns: c Response: See page 3089. Which of the following are advantages of the buy option for acquiring IS applications? a) many different types of off-the-shelf software are available b) software can be tried out c) saves time d) company will know what it is getting e) all of the aboveAns: e Response: See page 30910. Which of the following is not an advantage of the buy option for acquiring IS applications? a) few types of off-the-shelf software are available, thus limiting confusion b) software can be tried out c) saves time d) company will know what it is getting e) all of the aboveAns: a Response: See page 30911. Which of the following are disadvantages of the buy option for acquiring IS applications? a) software may not exactly meet the company’s needs b) software may be impossible to modify c) company will not have control over software improvements d) software may not integrate with existing systems e) all of the aboveAns: e Response: See page 310 12. Which of the following systems acquisition methods results in software that can be tried out, has been used for similar problems in other organizations, and can save time? a) systems development life cycle b) prototyping c) end-user development d) buy option e) object-oriented developmentAns: d Response: See page 31013. Which of the following systems acquisition methods results in software that is controlled by another company, may be difficult to enhance or modify, and may not support desired business processes? a) systems development life cycle b) prototyping c) end-user development d) buy option e) component-based developmentAns: d Response: See page 31014. Which of the following systems acquisition methods forces staff to systematically go through every step in the development process and has a lower probability of missing important user requirements? a) systems development life cycle b) prototyping c) end-user development d) external acquisition e) object-oriented developmentAns: a Response: See page 31115. Which of the following systems acquisition methods is time-consuming, costly, and may produce excessive documentation? a) systems development life cycle b) prototyping c) end-user development d) external acquisition e) object-oriented developmentAns: a Response: See page 31116. Place the stages of the systems development life cycle in order: a) investigation – analysis – design – programming – testing – implementation – operation – maintenance b) investigation – design – analysis – programming – testing – implementation – maintenance – operation c) analysis – design – investigation – operation – maintenance – programming – testing – implementation d) investigation – analysis – design – programming – testing – maintenance – operation – implementationAns: a Response: See page 31217. The feasibility study addresses which of the following issues? a) economic feasibility b) technical feasibility c) behavioral feasibility d) all of the aboveAns: d Response: See page 31318. The _____ that changes are made in the systems development life cycle, the _____ expensive these changes become. a) sooner, less b) later, less c) more frequently, more d) more extensively, more e) sooner, moreAns: a Response: See page 31319. ____ feasibility determines if the hardware, software, and communications components can be developed and/or acquired to solve the business problem. a) technical b) economic c) organizational d) behavioralAns: a Response: See page 31320. _____ feasibility determines if the project is an acceptable financial risk and if the organization can afford the expense and time needed to complete the project. a) technical b) economic c) organizational d) behavioralAns: b Response: See page 313 21. _____ feasibility addresses the human issues of an information systems project. a) technical b) economic c) organizational d) behavioralAns: d Response: See page 31322. _____ feasibility concerns a firm’s policies and politics, power structures, and business relationships. a) technical b) economic c) organizational d) behavioralAns: c Response: See page 31423. Which of the following is not a part of systems analysis? a) definition of the business problem b) identification of the causes of, and solution to, the business problem c) identification of the information requirements that the solution must satisfy d) identification of the technical specifications of the solutionAns: d Response: See page 31424. Systems analysts use which of the following techniques to obtain the information requirements for the new system? a) direct observation b) structured interviews c) unstructured interviews d) document analysis e) all of the aboveAns: e Response: See page 31425. Which of the following is not a technique used to obtain the information requirements for the new system? a) direct observation b) structured interviews c) unstructured interviews d) use the system themselves e) document analysisAns: d Response: See page 314 26. Which of the following are problems associated with eliciting information requirements? a) business problem may be poorly defined b) users may not know exactly what the business problem is c) users may disagree with each other d) the problem may not be related to information systems e) all of the aboveAns: e Response: See page 31427. _____ is the systems development stage that determines how the information system will do what is needed to solve the business problem. a) systems design b) systems analysis c) systems implementation d) systems development e) operation and maintenanceAns: a Response: See page 31428. Logical systems design refers to _____, while physical systems design refers to _____. a) the collection of user requirements, the development of software b) what the system will do, how the tasks are accomplished c) how the tasks are accomplished, what the system will do d) the order of task accomplishment, how the tasks are accomplished e) operation of the system, debugging the systemAns: b Response: See page 31529. Systems design answers the question, _____: a) How will the information system do what it must to obtain a solution to the business problem? b) Why must the information system do what it must to obtain a solution to the business problem? c) What is the problem the information system must address? d) Who will benefit from use of the information system being developed? e) What is the effective operational life of the system?Ans: a Response: See page 31530. When users ask for added functionality during a systems development project, this is called: a) user-defined software b) scope creep c) bloatware d) out-of-control project e) runaway projectAns: b Response: See page 31531. Structured design advocates the use of software modules. Which of the following items are advantages of this approach? a) modules can be reused b) modules cost less to develop c) modules are easier to modify d) all of the aboveAns: d Response: See page 31632. Structured programming includes which of the following restrictions? a) each module has one, and only one, function b) each module has one entrance and one exit c) no GOTO statements allowed d) has only three techniques: sequence, decision, loop e) all of the aboveAns: d Response: See page 31633. Which of the following is not a restriction of structured programming? a) each module has multiple functions b) each module has one entrance and one exit c) no GOTO statements allowed d) has only three techniques: sequence, decision, loop e) none of the aboveAns: a Response: See page 31634. In structured programming’s _____ structure, the logic flow branches depending on certain conditions being met. a) decision b) sequence c) decision d) return e) parallelAns: a Response: See page 316 35. In structured programming’s _____ structure, the software executes the same program, or parts of it, until certain conditions are met. a) decision b) sequence c) decision d) return e) parallelAns: c Response: See page 31636. _____conversion is the process where the old system and the new system operate simultaneously for a period of time. a) parallel b) direct c) pilot d) phasedAns: a Response: See page 31737. _____ conversion is the process where the old system is cut off and the new system is turned on at a certain point in time. a) parallel b) direct c) pilot d) phasedAns: b Response: See page 31738. _____ conversion is the process where the new system is introduced in one part of the organization. a) parallel b) direct c) pilot d) phasedAns: c Response: See page 31839. _____ conversion is the process where components of the new system are introduced in stages. a) parallel b) direct c) pilot d) phasedAns: d Response: See page 31840. The riskiest type of conversion process is: a) parallel b) direct c) pilot d) phasedAns: b Response: See page 31741. If a firm shuts down its old COBOL legacy system and starts up the new PeopleSoft ERP system immediately, this is called _____: a) phased conversion b) direct conversion c) parallel conversion d) pilot conversionAns: b Response: See page 31742. As systems age, maintenance costs _____: a) decrease b) increase c) stay the same d) remain negligible e) are not consideredAns: b Response: See page 31843. Maintenance includes which of the following types of activities? a) debugging b) updating the system to accommodate changes in business conditions, but not adding functionality c) adding new functionality to the system d) all of the aboveAns: d Response: See page 31844. Which of the following systems acquisition methods helps clarify user requirements, promotes genuine user participation, and may produce part of the final system? a) systems development life cycle b) prototyping c) end-user development d) external acquisition e) component-based developmentAns: b Response: See page 31845. Which of the following systems acquisition methods may encourage inadequate problem analysis, is not practical with large numbers of users, and may result in a system with lower quality. a) systems development life cycle b) prototyping c) end-user development d) external acquisition e) component-based developmentAns: b Response: See page 31846. The _____ approach to systems development defines an initial list of user requirements, then develops the system in an iterative fashion. a) integrated computer-assisted software engineering b) joint application design c) rapid application development d) prototyping e) systems development life cycleAns: d Response: See page 31847. The _____ approach to systems development is a group-based tool for collecting user requirements. a) integrated computer-assisted software engineering b) joint application design c) rapid application development d) prototyping e) systems development life cycleAns: b Response: See page 31948. The _____ approach to systems development uses specialized tools to automate many of the tasks in the systems development life cycle. a) integrated computer-assisted software engineering b) joint application design c) rapid application development d) prototypingAns: a Response: See page 319 49. Which of the following is not an advantage of the Joint Application Design approach to systems development? a) involves fewer users in the development process b) saves time c) greater user acceptance of the new system d) can produce a system of higher qualityAns: a Response: See page 31950. Computer-aided software engineering tools provide which of the following advantages? a) can produce systems with longer effective operational lives b) can produce systems that more closely meet user requirements c) can speed up the development process d) can produce systems that are more adaptable to changing business conditions e) all of the aboveAns: e Response: See page 31951. Which of the following is not an advantage of computer-aided software engineering tools? a) can produce systems with longer effective operational lives b) can produce systems that more closely meet user requirements c) can require fewer developers d) can speed up the development processAns: c Response: See page 31952. Computer-aided software engineering tools provide which of the following disadvantages? a) produce initial systems that are more expensive to build and maintain b) require more extensive and accurate definition of user requirements c) difficult to customize d) difficult to use with existing systems e) all of the aboveAns: e Response: See page 31953. Which of the following is not a disadvantage of computer-aided software engineering tools? a) produce initial systems that are more expensive to build and maintain b) require more extensive and accurate definition of user requirements c) require more developers d) difficult to customizeAns: c Response: See page 319 54. Advantages of Rapid Application Development include which of the following? a) active involvement of users in the development process b) faster development process c) system better meets user needs d) reduction in training costs e) all of the aboveAns: e Response: See page 32055. Which of the following systems acquisition methods bypasses the IT department, avoids delays, and results in increased user acceptance of the new system? a) systems development life cycle b) prototyping c) end-user development d) external acquisition e) component-based developmentAns: c Response: See page 32056. Which of the following systems acquisition methods may eventually require maintenance assistance from the IT department, produce inadequate documentation, and result in a system with inadequate interfaces to existing systems? a) systems development life cycle b) prototyping c) end-user development d) external acquisition e) component-based developmentAns: c Response: See page 32057. Which of the following is the most difficult and crucial task in evaluating a vendor and a software package? a) identifying potential vendors b) determining the evaluation criteria c) evaluating vendors and packages d) choosing the vendor and package e) negotiating a contractAns: b Response: See page 325-326 Short Answer1. Differentiate between the IT strategic plan and the IS operational plan.Response: See pages 306-3072. Discuss tangible and intangible benefits of a proposed system.Response: See page 3083. Describe the various methods of conducting cost-benefit analyses.Response: See page 3084. What is the waterfall approach to systems development?Response: See page 3115. Describe the feasibility study of the SDLC.Response: See pages 312-3146. Compare and contrast the systems analysis and systems design phases of the SDLC.Response: See pages 314-3167. Describe good-enough software.Response: See pages 316-3178. Compare and contrast rapid application development and joint application design.Response: See pages 319-3209. What are application service providers and how do they differ from outsourcing?Response: See page 321-323 10. Describe the vendor selection process.Response: See page 325-327

Acquiring IT Applications And Infrastructure

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