<p> What is Chemistry</p><p>Pages 38-44</p><p>Chemistry is </p><p>• the study of matter and its properties</p><p>Matter</p><p>• anything that has mass and takes up space.</p><p>Classification of Matter</p><p>Pure Substances</p><p>• have a fixed composition</p><p>• have definite properties</p><p>• there are 2 types of pure substances</p><p>1. Element</p><p>• substance that cannot be broken into a simpler substance</p><p>• contains only one type of atom</p><p>• Carbon (C), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N)</p><p>• Found on the Periodic Table of Elements</p><p>2. Compound</p><p>• Substances made of 2 or more different types of atoms.</p><p>• Molecule – a chemical combination of a fixed ratio of atoms</p><p>• Carbon dioxide ( CO2 )</p><p>• Water ( H2O )</p><p>• Table salt ( NaCl ) Mixtures</p><p>• A combination of 2 or more substances, that are not</p><p> chemically combined.</p><p>• Can be combined in any ratio</p><p>• Can occur between different phases of matter</p><p>• Soda – gas and liquid</p><p>• Salt water – solid and liquid</p><p>• Can occur between the same phase of matter</p><p>• Solids – metallic alloys, peas and carrots</p><p>• Liquids – Mio in water</p><p>• Gases – Air</p><p>2 types of mixtures</p><p>1. Homogeneous mixtures</p><p>• mixed uniformly throughout</p><p>• Kool aid</p><p>• Salt water</p><p>• Stainless steel</p><p>• Homogenized milk</p><p>2. Heterogeneous mixtures</p><p>• not uniformly mixed</p><p>• Italian dressing</p><p>• Dirt</p><p>• Ice water Properties of Matter</p><p>Pages 45 – 52</p><p>There are 2 types of properties.</p><p>1. Physical properties</p><p>• properties that can be directly observed or measured</p><p>2. Chemical properties</p><p>• the property of a substance as to how it reacts or fails to react with</p><p> other substances.</p><p>Physical Properties – can be observed or measured.</p><p>Observations Measurement</p><p>• Color • Boiling point</p><p>• Odor • Hardness</p><p>• State of matter • Melting point</p><p>• Taste • Conductivity</p><p>• Texture • Density</p><p>Density • is a physical property</p><p>• is a ratio between the mass and volume of an object.</p><p>• the unit for density is either g/cm3 or g/ml</p><p>• the formula for density is Density = Mass / Volume</p><p>If 10 cm3 of ice has a mass of 9.17g, what is the density of ice? m = 9.17 g Density = Mass/Volume v = 10 cm3 D = 9.17 g/ 10.0 cm3 d = .917 g/cm3 A piece of tin has a mass of 16.52 g and a volume of 2.26 cm3. What is the density of tin? m = 16.52 g Density = Mass/Volume v = 2.26 cm3 D = 16.52 g/ 2.26 cm3 d = 7.13 g/cm3</p><p>A man has a 50.0 cm3 bottle completely filled with 163 g of a slimy green liquid. What is the density of the liquid? m = 163g Density = Mass/Volume v = 50 cm3 D = 163 g/ 50 cm3 d = 3.26 g/cm3</p><p>Create equations to solve for other variables of the density equation</p><p>Mass = Density x Volume</p><p>Volume = Mass/Density A piece of metal has a density of 11.3 g/cm3 and a volume of 6.7 cm3. What is the mass of this piece of metal? m = 76 g Mass = Density x Volume v = 6.7cm3 Mass = 11.3 g/cm3 x 6.7cm3 d = 11.3 g/cm3</p><p>The density of a piece of brass is 8.4 g/cm3. If the mass of the brass is 520 g, find the volume of the brass. m = 520 g Volume = Mass/Density v = 61.9 cm3 Volume = 520 g/8.4 g/cm3 d = 8.4 g/cm3</p><p>2. Chemical Properties</p><p>• The property of a substance as to how it reacts or fails to react with </p><p> other substances.</p><p>• Flammability</p><p>• Reactivity Substance Physical Property Chemical Property Less dense than air Not flammable Helium</p><p>White Powder Reacts with vinegar Baking Soda</p><p>White Powder Does not react with Powdered Sugar vinegar</p><p>Colorless liquid Flammable Rubbing Alcohol</p><p>Water Colorless liquid Non flammable</p><p>Iron Malleable Rusts in the presence of oxygen Changes of Matter</p><p>Pages 53-58</p><p>Changes of matter fall under 2 categories</p><p>1. Physical Changes</p><p>• A change that does not change what the substance is.</p><p>• melting ice</p><p>• chopping wood</p><p>• cutting hair</p><p>• shredding paper</p><p>• Separating mixtures is a physical change</p><p>• picking pepperoni off a pizza</p><p>• separating the colors in a box of crayons</p><p>• Solutions are mixtures that take place at the molecular level. They </p><p> separated by physical means.</p><p>• Saltwater – water evaporates, and salt is left behind.</p><p>• Filtration – separation based on solubility</p><p>• Distillation – separation based on boiling point</p><p>• Skimming – separation based on density</p><p>2. Chemical Changes</p><p>• A change that causes a substance to form a new substance.</p><p>• Cannot be reversed by a physical change.</p><p>• burning sugar</p><p>• rusting iron • baking a cake</p><p>• digestion</p><p>• Can break compounds down into elements</p>