<p>The Tutoring and Learning Center 300 Library 747-5366 http://academics.utep.edu/tlc</p><p>Latin Handout #5</p><p>Basic Sentence Structure for Latin</p><p> In English, most sentences are made up of three components:</p><p> subject + verb + direct object</p><p>Example:</p><p>Veronica loves Marcus.</p><p> In Latin, most sentences include these three components as well; however, they are in different order.</p><p> subject + object + verb</p><p>Example:</p><p>Veronica Marcum amat.</p><p> The subject of a sentence must be in the nominative case.</p><p>Nominative: Veronica Genitive: Veronicae Dative: Veronicae Accusative: Veronicam Ablative: Veronicā Vocative: Veronica</p><p> The direct object is in the accusative case.</p><p>Nominative: Marcus Genitive: Marci Dative: Marcō Accusative: Marcum Ablative: Marcō Vocative: Marcus</p><p>Note: Each case has different functions. For our purposes, we will be discussing the nominative and accusative case only.</p><p>Let’s switch the sentence around.</p><p>Marcus loves Veronica. Some materials borrowed from Balme , Maurice and James Morwoord . Oxford Latin Course Part I. New York: Oxford, 2000. Hint: Marcus = nominative Veronica = accusative.</p><p>Answer: Marcus Veronicam amat.</p><p> The verb must agree in number and person (1st, 2nd, 3rd) with the subject. Also, verbs fall under one of 4 conjugations.</p><p>1st conjugation 2nd conjugation 3rd conjugation (stems in –a) (stems in –e) (stems in consonants) I par-ō I mone-ō I reg-ō You (sing) parā-s You monē-s You (sing) reg-is He/she para-t He/she mone-t He/she reg-it We parā-mus We monē-mus We reg-imus You (pl.) parā-tis You (pl.) monē-tis You (pl) reg-itis They para-nt They mone-nt They reg-unt</p><p>3rd conjugation 4th conjugation (stems in –io) (stems in –i) I capi-ō I audi-ō You (sing) cap-is You (sing) audi-s He/she cap-it He/she audi-t We cap-imus We audi-mus You (pl.) cap-itis You (pl.) audi-tis They capi-unt They audi-unt</p><p>Some materials borrowed from Balme , Maurice and James Morwoord . Oxford Latin Course Part I. New York: Oxford, 2000.</p>