<p> Name: ______</p><p>1.4.9 Human Impact on an Ecosystem 2 Conservation Worksheet</p><p>Conservation Have you seen on of these recently?</p><p>It is a Dodo and has been extinct since 1681.</p><p>How did it happen?</p><p>What happened to the dodo? {Not examinable} • In 1598 Portuguese and Dutch sailors were the first people to live on the island of Mauritius. • With them they brought pigs, dogs, rats and even monkeys. • They killed dodos for food and by 1681 (83 years later) they were extinct.</p><p>Conservation</p><p>• If you are connected to the internet click on the link below to view a web page on the Relationship of the Dodo Bird and the Calvaria Tree {Not examinable} http://geology.wcedu.pima.edu/~enicksin/new.html</p><p>What is Conservation? Conservation is the ______and ______of ______and the ______. </p><p>Benefits of Conservation </p><p>• Existing environments ______• Endangered species ______• The balance of nature ______• ______are reduced Page 1 of 11 Name: ______</p><p>Page 2 of 11 Name: ______</p><p>One Conservation practice from one of the following areas Area Conservation Practice Mixed farming, Crop rotation Agriculture Biological controls, Gene banks</p><p>Fisheries Fishing Net size, Quotas, Re-stocking Forestry Re-planting, Broadleaf/conifer mix</p><p>There is a ______of the environment to ______and the ______of its natural resources.</p><p>Agriculture One Conservation practice from one of the following areas is required: Mixed farming Biological controls Crop rotation Gene banks </p><p>Mixed farming What is mixed farming? Farming system where both ______(crops) and ______(livestock) farming is carried out.</p><p>Conservation and Mixed Farming • Animals ______and help to maintain ______and ______of artificial fertilisers used. • Increases ______and soil ______and improves ______. • If rotations of various crops and forage legumes are used, they ______• Reduce ______.</p><p>• Recycling wastes ______</p><p>Crop rotation What is crop rotation? ______in a given field from one growing </p><p>Page 3 of 11 Name: ______season to the next. </p><p>Page 4 of 11 Name: ______</p><p>Conservation and Crop Rotation</p><p>• Different crops ______from the soil; some crops ______particular nutrients that others take away. • Crop rotation can also ______and avoid the build up of ______and ______that often occur when one species is continuously grown.</p><p>Biological controls What are Biological controls? Biological control is a method of ______(including ______) and diseases in agriculture that ______, ______or other ______, rather than introduced chemicals.</p><p>Conservation and Biological Controls • Ladybird larva eating woolly apple aphids Advantages: • ______• No ______left on plants • ______of chemicals into soil or watercourses</p><p>Conservation and Biological Controls</p><p>• Diagram illustrating the natural enemies of cabbage pests</p><p>Conservation in action in Agriculture Conventional agriculture uses ______and ______This has contributed to ______through ______, ______and ______. These also have negative effects on the soil, water and air qualities. Global climate, wildlife and biodiversity are also affected. Page 5 of 11 Name: ______</p><p>Is soil degradation serious?</p><p>• Soil degradation due to erosion and compaction processes is probably the ______caused by conventional agriculture. • About ______of land are lost per year for agricultural uses, due to soil degradation processes Note: 10,000,000 ha = 24,700,000 acres = 95,500 square miles. Ireland = 39,690 square miles</p><p>A Dust Storm</p><p>Soil being blown away</p><p>Can you suggest what should be done? </p><p>• Stop ______</p><p>• Reduce the ______</p><p>• Increase the amount of ‘______’ land</p><p>Gene Banks What are gene banks? Gene banks are ______, be it plant or animal. In plants, this could be ______from the plant, or the seeds themselves. In animals, this is the ______.</p><p>Conservation and Gene Banks This is one way scientists have of ______. In plants, it is possible to ______, however, in animals, a living female is required for ______. </p><p>Page 6 of 11 Name: ______</p><p>Conservation and Gene Banks Artificial insemination of farm animals is very common in today's agriculture industry. It provides an ______for a livestock grower to breed their herds with males ______, e.g. good beef quality, high milk yield, good wool quality, etc.</p><p>Fisheries One Conservation practice from one of the following areas is required: Fishing Net size Quotas Re-stocking</p><p>Fishing Net size What is net mesh size? This refers to how ______or spaces enclosed by the threads of a net are. </p><p>Conservation and Fishing Net Size</p><p>• The use of small-mesh nets can result in ______• Using larger meshed nets to ______</p><p>Page 7 of 11 Name: ______</p><p>Different types of nets</p><p>Square Mesh Diamond Mesh</p><p>Square mesh – does not alter its shape under Diamond mesh netting (left) – closes under tension – tension (right) and ______</p><p>Fishing Quotas What is a fishing quota? ______This national quota allocation is ______into quotas for specific ______, ______, ______or ______, e.g. producers' organisations.</p><p>Fishing Quotas Why have quotas? Over fishing has ______at sea Fish quotas (maximum amount allowed to be caught) have been assigned to different countries to ______.</p><p>Conservation and Fishing Quotas</p><p>• Helps to prevent the ______• Gradually ______and helps to re-establish populations Page 8 of 11 Name: ______</p><p>• Attempts to maintain fishing at ______</p><p>Re-stocking What is the purpose of re-stocking? To achieve a ______of that species ______of species into areas where they have not naturally occurred is not encouraged Can you suggest why not? ______</p><p>Conservation and Re-stocking</p><p>• Re-stocking attempts to ______• Increases stocks for ______</p><p>Forestry</p><p>Ground layer in Multi-layered open Deciduous Forest Forest</p><p>Deciduous Forest Coniferous Forest</p><p>Forestry One Conservation practice from one of the following areas is required: Re-planting Broadleaf/conifer mix</p><p>Forestry Re-planting</p><p>• Ensures ______of those forests that are periodically harvested for timber. • Allows foresters to ______for the forest. </p><p>Page 9 of 11 Name: ______</p><p>• Helps the forest ______. Replanting is now a common practice after harvests and wildfire. • Forests that aren't replanted after a natural disaster, can take ______. </p><p>Page 10 of 11 Name: ______</p><p>Broadleaf/Conifer mix</p><p>• Conifers rapidly ______to replace imports • Broadleaf trees also provides timber for industry ______• Broadleaf planting forms ______and provides ______, ______, adds to the landscape and ______</p><p>Conservation in action in Forestry</p><p>• The selection and management of the ______of the woodland • ______of broadleaved species in plantations </p><p>• Leave greater areas of ______. This will encourage the growth of an ______by increased light penetration </p><p>Conservation in action in Forestry</p><p>• Encourage the planting of woodland plots with the greatest woodland edge </p><p>• Enhance the ______of wooded areas by leaving some ______; and increasing the number of ______• Promote ______rather than ______as the dominant harvesting technique </p><p>Need to know</p><p>• Define the term: Conservation.</p><p>• Outline any one practice of conservation from agriculture, forestry or fisheries.</p><p>END</p><p>Page 11 of 11</p>