<p>Digestive System 11 th Grade Health Definition  the body system consisting of organs that help the body use food. Functions  Breaks down food into small parts mechanical (physical) & chemical (acids & enzymes) digestion.  release food into blood stream for distribution (via the villi in the small intestine)  prepare undigested food for elimination  Peristalsis – muscular contractions that move food throughout digestive tract Structure  mouth – place where digestion begins; food is chewed using teeth and tongue (mastication) made softer/smaller with the help of saliva from the salivary glands  esophagus – tube leading from the mouth to the stomach  stomach – organ where food is made into a paste called chyme with the help of these enzyme and acid (releases pepsin and hydrochloric acid)  small intestines – 20 foot coiled tube where absorption of food into blood takes place; fingerlike projections called “villi” help in the process of absorption (capillaries)  gall bladder – organ that produces bile  liver – organ that releases bile in order to break down fats  pancreas – organ that aids small intestine in digestion of sugars, carbs, proteins & fats. It is both an exocrine and endocrine gland  large intestine – extends below small intestine; place where undigested food is prepared for elimination from the body Diseases/Disorders:  Colon cancer – more common in people over 50  Peptic ulcer – ulcer in stomach caused by overproduction of hydrochloric acid and pepsin  Hepatitis – viral infection of the liver (inflammation)  Obesity – excess body fat (not the same as being overweight)  Diverticulosis – a result of a low fiber diet, pouches develop in the lg. intestine  Food allergy – auto-immune disorder triggered by peanuts, eggs, shellfish and milk.  Diabetes – Three types of this disorder. Type 1 – Insulin deficiency/develops in childhood; Type 2 – Insulin resistant/develops in later adulthood as a result of poor diet; Gestational – a woman may develop this during pregnancy by putting too much weight. Digestive System 11 th Grade Health First Aid/Sudden Illness/Emergencies  Ingested poison – call poison control  Choking – while in the act of eating, a piece of food lodges itself in the respiratory tract  Heart burn – acid reflux in stomach; acid can irritate the lining of the esophagus  Food diarrhea – watery feces due to rapid movement through large intestines; caused by change in diet, food poisoning, overeating emotional turmoil and nutritional deficiencies.  Dehydration – the sudden loss of fluids from the body due to excessive exercise, heat or illness. Signs: thirst, loss of appetite, dry skin (no sweat), dark urine, dry mouth(no saliva), fatigue, and chills. Potentially Fatal.  Food Poisoning – ingested food (salmonella/e-coli/botulism)  Appendicitis – inflammation and swelling of the appendix – should it burst, may become life threatening. Signs are sharp/acute pain in the lower right side of the abdomen – extremely painfully to the touch. You must go immediately to the hospital. General Care  chew food carefully and slowly  cook food thoroughly  eat plenty of fiber (fruits, vegetables, whole grains)  drink enough water (8 cups every day)  reduce amounts of saturated fat and sugar in diet  exercise – burn off excess calories and fat  IPECAC – syrup used to induce vomiting – medicine cabinet – must have poison control approval before use.  Activated Liquid Charcoal – used to absorp toxic substances that have been swallowed; especially substances that should not be regurgitated. Medicine cabinet - must have poison control approval before use.  Colonoscopy – procedure recommended for people over the age of 50; checks for polups in the colon which may be early signs of cancer  Gastric Bypass Surgury – stomach stapling; stomach is surgically made smaller in order to control weight gain.  Poison Control Phone Number – posted where everyone can see it/by main phone. Relation to Other Systems  Excretory System – elimintates solid waste from digestive system.  Endocrine System – pancreas aids in the production of insulin which regulates metabolism of sugar  Circulatory System – absorption of nutrients from the small intestines into the blood stream</p>