<p>1. 4-methyl-4-octanol oxidizes to form a) 4-methyl-4-octanal b) 4-methyl-4-octanone c) butyl butanoate d) none of the above</p><p>2. The reduction of pentanal yields a) 1-pentanol b) 2-pentanol c) pentene d) pentane</p><p>3. The oxidation of 2-methyl-3-hepatanone yields a) 2-methyl-heptanol b) 2-methylheptanal c) 2-methyl-3-heptanol d) none of the above</p><p>4. Identify how many chiral carbons are in the following molecule</p><p> a) 4 b) 3 c) 2 d) 8 </p><p>5. Tertiary alcohols can react to form a) aldehydes b) ketones c) ethers d) no reaction</p><p>6. What is the molecular formula for 3-methyl-2-hexanone a) C6H12O b) C7H14O c) C7H16O d) C6H14O 7. Which of the following will have the highest boiling point? a) 2-hexanone b) 2-hexanol c) hexanal d) hexane</p><p>8. What is the name of the reaction between an alcohol and an aldehyde? a) oxidation b) reduction c) addition d) none of the above</p><p>9. What determines if a molecule is a reducing sugar? a) It has an anomeric –OH available b) It is a monosaccharide c) It is a disaccharide d) It must be a beta linkage</p><p>10. What is the name of the enzyme that cleaves the glycosidic bond in lactose? a) lactese b) lactase c) sucrose d) galactase</p><p>11. Sucrose is composed of which of the following monosaccharides. a) glucose b) galactose c) fructose d) A and C</p><p>12. Which of the following molecules have the formula C6H12O a) 2,3-dimethylpentanal b) 3-methylhexanal c) 2-methyl-3-pentanone d) 2-methyl-cyclohexanone</p><p>13. Primary alcohols reduce to form a) aldehydes b) ketones c) ethers d) no reaction 14. In the following carbohydrate, identify the linkage</p><p> a) alpha-1, 3 b) beta-1, 4 c) alpha-1, 4 d) beta-1, 3</p><p>15. Disaccharides are formed from ______. Polysaccharides are formed from _____. a) rehydration, condensation b) addition, condensation c) condensation, reduction d) condensation, condensation</p><p>16. The following are aldoses except: a) fructose b) glucose c) galactose d) none of the above</p><p>17. A furanose is ___. _____ forms a furanose. a) 5-membered ring, glucose b) 6-membered ring, glucose c) 5-membered ring, fructose d) 6-membered ring, galactose</p><p>18. Which polysaccharide uses 1,4-beta linkages? a) amylose b) amylopectin c) cellulose d) glycogen</p><p>19. The carbonyl can make ______hydrogen bonds. a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3 20. Aldehydes ____ soluble in water. Carboxylic acids ______soluble in water a) are, are not b) are not, are not c) are, are d) are not, are</p><p>21.Of the following, which would have the highest boiling point? a) propane b) propanal c) propanoic acid d) methyl ethyl ether.</p><p>22. Of the following aldehydes, which is most soluble in water a) methanoic acid b) ethanoic acid c) propanoic acid d) pentanoic acid</p><p>23. Carboxylic acids can be oxidized to form a) aldehydes b) primary alcohols c) none of the above d) A and B</p><p>24. When you add one alcohol across a carbonyl you form a) aldehydes b) ketones c) acetals d) hemiacetals</p><p>25. Base catalyzed ester hydrolysis: a) is called saponification b) yields carboxylic acid c) is called reverse esterification d) yields carboxylate cation</p><p>26. When you add two alcohols across a carbonyl you form a) acetals b) hemiacetals c) ketones d) aldehydes</p><p>27. Ketones and aldehydes are a) structural isomers b) enantiomers c) stereoisomers d) configurational isomers</p><p>28. Carbonyl groups are bonded to ___ carbons and ____ hydrogens in ketones. a) 1, 1 b) 1, 0 c) 0, 0 d) 0, 1 e) 2, 0</p><p>29.Carbonyl groups are bonded to __ carbons and ___ hydrogens in aldehydes (except formaldehyde). a) 0, 1 b) 0, 0 c) 1, 0 d) 1, 1</p><p>30. Secondary alcohols are reduced to a) ketones b) aldehydes c) ethers d) no reaction</p><p>Short Answer</p><p>31. Draw and name 6 ketones, aldehydes or alcohols with the formula C9H18O.</p><p>O</p><p>H 2 H 2 H H H H O 2 2 2 2 C C C C C C H 3 C C C H 3 C C C C C H H 3 C H 3 2 H H 2 H 2 H 2 C H 3</p><p>O C H 3 H H H 2 H 2 H 2 2 2 C C C C H C C C H 3 H C C C H 3 C C C C C H 3 3 H H H 2 H 2 H 2 2 2 O O H 3 C C H 2 H H 2 H 2 2 C H C C H C C C H 3 3 H C C H H 3 C C H C C 3 H 2 H 2 C H O C H 3 3 nonanal 3,3-dimethyl-2-heptanone 2-nonanone 2-methyl-3-octanone 3-methyl-2-octanone 4, 5-dimethyl-2-heptanone 32. Draw and name the products for the following reactions</p><p> a. Oxidation of 2-pentanol</p><p>O</p><p>H 2 C H 3 C C C H 3 H 2 2-pentanone</p><p> b. Reduction of 2-ethyl-3-octanone</p><p>H 3 C C H 2 H 2 H 2 C H C C C H 3 H 3 C C C H 2 H 2 O Actual proper name:3-methyl-4- nonanone</p><p> c. Oxidation of 2,3-dimethyl-3-heptanol</p><p>NO REACTION</p><p>33. Given the following structure of allose 1. Number the carbons and label the anomeric carbon. 2. Draw the Fischer projection. 3. Is this alpha or beta allose? 4. Draw a 1, 4-alpha linkage between two of these allose molecules. O C H</p><p>H O H</p><p>H O H</p><p>H O H</p><p>H O H</p><p>H 2 C O H alpha allose</p><p>H O C H 2 H O C H 2</p><p>H C O H C O H H H C C C C H 2 O O HH C C H H 2 C C H 2</p><p>O H O H</p><p>34. Describe the boiling point behaviors of aldehydes and ketones as compared to alcohols, ethers, carboxylic acids and alkanes.</p><p>Aldehydes and ketones have lower boiling points than alcohols and carboxylic acids and higher boiling points than ethers and alkanes.</p>