<p> 1. With what solution Zemmelveys recommended to treat hands for prophylaxis of infection complications? 1. liquid ammonia 2. carbolic acid 3. chloride of lime 2. Who was the first who introduced in practice using of glovers for surgical manipulations? 1. Cege-Mantelfais 2. Bergman 3. Pirogov 4. Spasocucotckii 3. In what concentration is using hydrogen peroxide solution for treating wounds?</p><p>1. 3% 2. 6% 3. 10% 4. In what concentration is using potassium permanganate solution for washing wounds? 1. 0.1% 2. 1% 3. 5% 5. Which from following is semisynthetic penicillins? 1. benzylpenicillin 2. biccillin 3. oxacillin 6. What is the optimum air temperature in the operation theatre? 1. lower 18'С 2. 25-30'С 3. 22-25'С 4. more than 30'С 7. General cleaning of operation room is doing once in how many days? 1. 2-3 days 2. 7-10 days 3. 10-14 days 4. 30 days 8. Which antiseptic is possible to enter into a cavity of urinary bladder? 1. 3 % spiritus solution of metilen dark blue. 2. Antibiotics sol. 3. 1 % nitrate of silver sol. 4. Carbolic acid. 5. Sol. furacilini1:5000. 6. 0,1 % permanganate kali sol. 7. 5 % permanganate kali sol. 8. 5 % spirits odium sol. </p><p>9. Asepsis is a complex of: 1. Actions for prophylaxis of surgical infection. 2. Treatment of consequences of the surgical infection. 3. Sterilization. 4. Disinfection.</p><p>10. In what concentration is use the boric acid solution for washing wounds? 1. 1 %. 2. 2-3 %. 3. 4 %. 4. 5-6 %.</p><p>11. What sterilization is? 1. Utter annihilation of microorganisms. 2. Destruction of microorganisms. 3. Destruction of pathogenic microorganisms. 4. Treating tools by antiseptics. 5. Treating tools by temperature.</p><p>12. For what purpose Chloramin is using? 1. For washing wound’s. 2. For hands disinfection. 3. For processing subjects of patients care. 4. For sterilization of cutting tools. 5. For disinfection nonmetallic tools. 6. For washing a bladder.</p><p>13. The dressing and operational linen sterilized in an autoclave… 1. Within 20 minutes at 2 atm. 2. Within 45 minutes at 1,1 atm. 3. Within 1 hour at 1,5 atm. 4. Within 1,5 hours at 1,7 atm.</p><p>14. Surgical tools are sterilize in an autoclave 1. Within 20 minutes at 2 atm. 2. 45 minutes at atm. 1.1, that corresponds 120 C˚.</p><p>15. Specify an operating mode of an air sterilizer (dryheat case) for sterilization of toolkits. 1. 2 atm, 20 minutes. 2. 1,1 atm, 45 minutes. 3. 180 ˚C, 60 minutes. 4. 160˚C, 150 minutes. 5. 120˚C , 45 minutes.</p><p>16. To the chemical antiseptics concern: 1. Antibiotics. 2. Haloids. 3. Acids and alkalis. 4. Phenols. 5. Oxidants. 6. Vaccines. 7. Heavy metals salts. 8. Detergents. 9. Aldegids. 10. Serum. 11. Stains. 12. Spirit. 13. Serum. 14. Proteolytic enzymes.</p><p>17. Which chemical antiseptic tanks concern to oxidizers group: 1. Hydrogen dioxide. 2. Kalii permanganate. 3. Diamond green 4. Metilenium dark blue. 5. Corrosive sublimate. 18. Is it possible to sterilize in dry heat (180°С, 60 minutes) syringes with a mark "200C "? 1. Yes. 2. No. 19. Which of the following crystal substances can be applying for control over the sterility of material after sterilization in an autoclave? 1. Crystals of iodine. 2. Table salt. 3. Antipirin. 4. Benzoic acid. 5. Ascorbic acid. 20. With the help of what is sterilizing synthetic suture material: 1. Boiling. 2. Ferry under pressure. 3. Washing in alcohol. 4. Washing in Lyugol solution. 5. The dry fervor. 21. What methods of the sterility control of the Schemelbushes’s boxes contents are the most reliable? 1. Mikulich method. 2. Melting the sulphur. 3. Melting the antipirin. 4. Bakteriological. 5. Melting benzoic acid. Duration of drainage actions of the gauze tampons are: 1. 2-4 hours. 2. 6-8 hours. 3. 10-12 hours. 4. 14-16 hours. 5. 18-20 hours What is entering in to the limited mode zone of the operating block? 1. Operation-hall, sterilization-room, scrub up-room 2. Narcosis-room, material-room, instrumental-room. 3. Oxygen, ventilation. 4. Manager-room, senior sister, premises for dirty linen. What for is using drainage? 1. Removing wound healing. 2. Introduction chemical antiseptics. 3. Introduction of antibiotics. 4. Introduction of proteolytic enzymes. Which material is use for fabrication of the tube drainages? 1. The rubber. 2. The Metal. 3. The Gauze. 4. Silicon. 5. Polichlorvinil. On what physical law is founding the drainaging characteristic of the glove rubbers? 1. The osmosis. 2. The communicating vessels law. 3. The surface wetting. How is sterilizing the lavsan? 1. Boiling. 2. Autoclaving. 3. In alcohol. 4. In Lyugol spirit solution. 5. In dryheat closet. What methods are select in to antisepsis? 1. Mecanical. 2. Physical. 3. Chemical. 4. Biological. 5. Radiacion. To which antisepsis method is pertains the primary surgical processing: 1. Mechanical. 2. Physical. 3. Chemical. 4. Biological 5. Mixed. The infection, which is call endogenous falls into the wound: 1. From air. 2. By lymphatic ways. 3. By circulatory vessels. 4. With transplantation organ. 5. When using during operation unsteril instrument. Indicate the speedways of processing hands: 1. With the help of cerigel. 2. Processing skin 96° spirit, 10 min. (the way of Brown). 3. 2% alcohol solution of the iodine, 3 min. What method is pertains to mechanical antiseptic: 1. Necrectomy. 2. Boil excision. 3. Drainaging. 4. Primary surgical wound processing. 5. Use the ultrasound. 6. Boil cutting. 7. Use antibiotics. What is the wrong definition of the physical antisepsis: 1. Removing from foreign corpuses from the wound. 2. Removing pus from the wound by tube drainage means. 3. Removing pus from the wound by gauze drainage with hypertonic solution means. 4. The dissolution of the dead area fabrics in wound by means of proteolytic enzymes . With what method of processing hands before operation is possible to reach their full sterility: 1. Chlorgeksidin. 2. The Spasokukockii-Kochergin’s method. 3. Novosept. 4. Pervomur. 5. No one of enumerated methods. Which preparations follow to refer as biological antiseptic facility? 1. Formalin. 2. Tetracycline. 3. Proteolytic enzymes . 4. Streptomicini. 5. Diamond green. How many hours after sterilization can be keep the locked box? 1. 12 2. 24 3.48. 4. 72 5. 96. The preventive maintenance of AIDS-infection on instruments, syringe, and needle should be process with: 1. 3% chloramines solution 1 hours. 2. 4% hydrogen dioxide 1,5 hours. 3. The alcohol. Before sterilization cleansing of instruments includes: 1. Wet in washing solution for 15 min. 2. Washing of each instrument in washing solution for 30 sec. 3. Rinsing by running water for 3 min. 4. Rinsing by distilled water for 30 sec. 5. Drying by hot air 80 С before full filling. Is the concept of asepsis includes the following positions: 1. Preventive maintenance of the air-drops infections. 2. Preventive maintenance contact infection. 3. Preventive maintenance of the implantation infection. 4. Fighting with all means of infection. What antiseptics are using for processing a skin and mucous: 1. Alcohol 70 %. 2. Chloramin. 0,5 %. 3. Penicillin. 4. Diamond green 1-2 %. 5. Paracetamolum. 6. Chlorgeksidin. What from preparation are used for necrotic fabric lysis: 1. Trypsin. 2. Contrykal. 3. Сhemotrypsin. 4. Dezoksiribonukleuz. The control of air sterilization over dry-heat cases carry out: 1. Sucrose. 2. Hydroquinone. 3. Glucose. 4. Calcium chlorate. 5. Indicator IS-180 +. At indirect way of checking after sterility the dressing material and linens is use: 1. Sowing from dressing material and linens. 2. Bacteriological test. 3. Material with determined by point of kindle. 4. Thermometry. During what time it is possible to consider the sterile material, keeping in metallic box, which was not open: 1. 1 day. 2. 2 days. 3. 3 days. 4. 10 days. 5. 30 days. Which from the follows are the proteolytic enzymes of the animal origin? 1. Tripsin. 2. Streptokinaza. 3. Papain. 4. Сhemotrypsin. Complications of the antibioticterapy are the follows: 1. Development allergic and anaphylactic reactions. 2. Development of a polyresistance of microorganism. 3. Development of the superinfection. 4. Development toxic reaction. Methods of catgut sterilization: 1. By Kocher. 2. By Spasocucotcky. 3. Dry way by Sitcovskii. 4. In spirituous Lugol solution by Gubarev. 5. In aqueous Lugol solution by Klaudius. Physical ways of sterilization: 1. Autoclaving. 2. Burning. 3. Sterilization in pairs of a formic aldehyde. 4. The Irradiation scale-rise. The intracutaneous test for sensitivity of an organism to a foreign protein is making before introduction: 1. Tetanic anatoxin. 2. Antitetanus serum. In what cases it can be transferred a HIV-infection in medical institutions: 1. When prick, cut, during operation. 2. At hit shelters on skin or mucous during it fence. 3. At hit of the biological liquids on skin or slime-become. 4. At study shelters and other biological liquids. 5. At non-observance of the requirements antiaepidemic state by AIDS. The hematoma is 1. The Congestion of blood in various cavities. 2. The Congestion of blood limited tissues . 3. The Congestion of blood in hollow body. 4. The Congestion of blood in a cavity of a joint. Hemothorax is an accumulation of blood in 1. The abdominal cavity. 2. In the pleural cavity. 3. The cavity of joints. 4. Cavities of a pericardium. 5. In the cellular tissues. Attributes of the acute bloodloss: 1. Tachycardia. 2. Bradycardia. 3. Pallor of a leather and mucose. 4. Decrease of arterial pressure. 5. Splenomegaly. 6. Cold sweat. R.Virhova's triad (a condition of occurrence of a thrombosis) includes: 1. Increase of coagulate properties of blood. 2. Acceleration of a blood-groove. 3. Delay of blood-flow. 4. The Low maintenance of platelets in blood. 5. Change of structure of an internal surface of vascular wall. 6. Opening the arterio-venous shunts. The cause of hemothorax is, as a rule, the bleeding from damaged: 1. Lungs vessels. 2. Intercostal vessels. 3. Veina Porta. 4. Internal chest art. 5. The Axillary artery. Specify the general symptoms of a bleeding 1. Pallor, a faint, hyperthermia. 2. Frequent pulse, a hypotonia, hemoglobin is lowered, pallor . 3. Pallor, frequent pulse, a hypertension, raised hemoglobin. 4. Anisocoria, frequent pulse, arterial pressure in norm. 5. All specified truly. Melena is the symptom wich can be meet at: 1. The Pulmonary bleeding. 2. The Hemorrhoids. 3. The bleeding stomach ulcer. 4. Rupture of a spleen. Vomiting of " a coffee grounds " is observed at 1. The Pulmonary bleeding. 2. The Bleeding stomach ulcer or duodenum. 3. The Hemorrhoids. 4. Pneumothorax . Danger hemopericardium consists that it can cause hearts tamponade. Whether it is true 1. Yes. 2. No. List the general attributes of bleeding: 1. Skin pallor. 2. Decrease AP. 3. Tachycardia. 4. Vomiting of " a coffee grounds ». 5. A chair with an impurity of blood. Such complication as air embolism can be in case of 1. injury of an artery of a hip. 2. Parenchymal bleeding. 3. Injury of central neck veins. 4. Trauma of shin’s veins. 5. Injury of aorta. In relation to an environment of a bleeding can be: 1. External. 2. Profuse bleeding. 3. Occult. 4. Internal. 5. Mixed. Local attributes of a bleeding: 1. Loss of consciousness. 2. Pallor of integuments. 3. Melena. 4. Bloody vomit. 5. Falling the AP. Evans's dye is used for definition 1. Blood volume. 2. Central venous pressure. 3. Quantity of red blood cells. 4. AP. 5. Hematocrit. Surgeon’s tactics at laparoscopic established diagnosis of hemoperitoneum 1. Case monitoring. 2. Haemostatic therapy. 3. Emergency operation. 4. Urgent operation. 5. Inspection in time with the purpose of an establishment of a source of a bleeding. Methods of diagnostics the hemoperitoneum: 1. Rontgenography of abdominal cavity. 2. Laparocentesis. 3. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy. 4. Laparoscopy. 5. Cystoscopy. What is hematuria? 1. Nosebleed. 2. Gastrointestinal bleeding. 3. Bleeding from urinary tracts. 4. Uterine bleeding 5.Prjamokishechnoe a bleeding. To an anatomic attribute of a bleeding allocate: 1. Arterial. 2. Gastric. 3. Venous. 4. Capillary. 5. Parenchymatous. By means of a method of the weighed napkins it is possible to define 1. blood volume 2. Volume of intraoperative bloodloss. 3. Volume of the general bloodloss. 4. Quantity of a necessary material for carrying out of operation. 5. Aldhover’s index. The most objective parameter of bloodloss heaviness. 1. Pallor of integuments. 2. Decrease of hemoglobin level. 3. Deficiency of blood volume. 4. Decrease the AP. 5. Decrease of hematocrit. The possible reasons of an intraabdominal bleeding: 1. Rupture of the liver. 2. Rupture of the spleen. 3. Rupture of mesenterium of thin bowl. 4. A bleeding from a ulcer of a duodenum. 5. Varicose expansion of veins of a gullet. At the time of occurrence bleeding which of the following distinguishes are correct: 1. Primary. 2. Secondary late. 3. Primary late. 4. Secondary early. 5. Primary early. When bleeding do not stop independently: 1. At damage of parenchymal organ. 2. In the case of hemophilia. 3. At capillary bleedings. 4. At internal bleedings. 5. At external bleedings. Primary bleedings arise 1. As a result of contamination the wounds. 2. As a result of trauma. 3. As a result of vessels erosion under action of enzymes. 4. At infringement of permeability of a vascular wall. 5. At increasing of fragility of vessels. The reasons of late secondary bleedings 1. Mechanical damage of vessels. 2. Wound abscess. 3. Eruption of ligature in a wound. 4. Increase of fragility of vessels. 5. Chemical influence (an acid, alkali). The maximal duration of imposing of a plait makes: 1.30 minutes 2.60 minutes 3.120 minutes 4.180 minutes Specify the bottom border of deficiency globular volume at bloodloss of heavy degree: 1. More than 10 % 2. More than 20 % 3. More than 30 % 4. More than 50 % Algover’s shock index is the attitude: 1. Pulse rates and systolic AP. 2. Diastolic pressureand pulse rates. 3. Pulse pressure and pulse rates Size of Algover’s shock index in satisfactory condition of the patient: 1.0.5 2.1 3.1.5 4.2 Who is more adapted to bloodloss : 1. Men 2. Women 3. Children 4. Elderly Small dot haemorrhages in a leather refer to: 1. Petechial [punctate] hemorrhage. 2. A hematoma 3. Ekhimose The limited haemorrhage in a leather or mucous refer to: 1. A hematoma 2. Petechial hemorrhage 3. Ekhimose 4. bruise The limited congestion of blood in fabrics with formation in them a cavity refers to: 1. Hematoma 2. Petechial [punctate] hemorrhage 3. Ekhimose The bleeding from a nose is defined by the special term: 1. Nose bleeding 2. Ekhimose 3. Hematemesis Melena-is: 1. tarry stool 2. Stool with blood streaks 3. Stool with greater clots of blood Air embolism is often complication of damage of: 1. Arteries 2. Veins Fat embolism is usual caused by accompanying damage of: 1. Arteries 2. Veins Air embolism often occur at damage of: 1. Subclavian veins 2. Renal veins 3. Iliac veins 4. Aortas Diapedetic bleedings are characterize: 1. Mechanical damages 2. Stomach ulcers 3. Radiation sickness The reason of secondary early bleedings is: 1. Emission of a blood clot from a blood vessel 2. Arrosion of a vessel Terms of secondary late bleedings: 1.1-3 day 2.3-5 day 3.5-7 day 4. After 7 day At hemoperitoneum the basic danger is connected with: 1. A sharp anemia 2. compression of internal organs At hemocranium the basic danger is connected with: 1. A sharp anemia 2. compression of brain The reason of secondary late bleedings is: 1. Emission of a blood clot from a blood vessel 2. Arrosion of a vessel To local symptoms of bleedings in a pleural cavity concern; 1) pallor; 2) a short wind; 3) restriction of respiratory excursions of a thorax of the corresponding party; 4) Phlegm with an impurity of blood; 5) a faint. The general symptoms of an internal bleeding are: 1) Dizziness; 2) Tachycardia; 3) Bradycardia; 4) decrease of the AP; 5) increase of the AP; 6) dullness of percussion sound in sloping places of a belly cavity; 7) sensation of a grid before eyes; 8) bloody vomiting. Choose a correct combination: A (1,3,5,6); B (1,2,4,7); C(2,5,6,8); D (2,3,7,8). In reply to кровопотерю adaptive reaction of an organism is marked 1) an output in a blood channel of the deposited blood; 2) an output of a fabric liquid in a blood channel; 3) strengthened production of uniform elements of blood bodies hematosis; 4) all is incorrect. Choose a correct combination: A (1,2,3); B (4). At data gathering at the patient with bleeding sickness from places of injections the nurse will find out: 1. Character of a feed 2. The hereditary factor 3. The age factor 4. Bad habits After a sharp bleeding the first following laboratory parameters change: 1. РН arterial blood. 2. Hb and Ht. 3. The central venous pressure. 4. Saturation of blood by oxygen. At gathering complaints at the patient with an intestinal bleeding find out character of impurity in a chair: 1. Slime 2. Is dark-cherry blood 3. Pus 4. « starch grains » The Haemorrhage is 1. Diffusive impregnation fabrics with blood. 2. The limited congestion of blood in fabrics. 3. Congestion of blood in a pleural cavity. 4. Congestion of blood in a belly cavity. Outlet of blood as uninterrupted of dark-cherry color characterizes what tipe of bleeding? 1. Capillary 2. Mixed 3. Venous 4. Arterial Such complication as development of air embolism dangerous in the case of bleeding from 1. Gullet 2. Veins of a shin 3. Large veins of a neck 4. Femoral artery Hemothorax is a congestion of blood in 1. To capsule of a joint 2. Pleural cavity 3. Belly cavity 4. Pericardium. At a pulmonary bleeding blood is allocated 1. Scarlet and foamy 2. Type of " a coffee grounds " 3. Dark, clots 4. Is dark-cherry color For the patient with tarry stool it is necessary 1. To put a hot-water bottle on a stomach 2. To execute cold manual and foot baths 3. To make cleaning клизму cold water 4. To provide rest, to inform the doctor Scarlet blood allocated as pulsing jet characterize a bleeding from 1. Parenchymatous bodies 2. Capillaries 3. Arteries 4. Veins At suspicion on a gastric bleeding it is necessary to lead 1. Emergency EGDS 2. Sounding of a stomach 3. Rg of a stomach with barium 4. Research кала on the latent blood At a massive internal bleeding pulse 1. Decreasing 2. Becomes frequent 3. Does not change The patient with massive bloodloss should be transport 1. In semisitting position 2. Laying on a stomach 3. Laying with the lowered legs 4. Laying with the raised foot end The Attribute of a bleeding in a pleural cavity is 1. Backlog of the sick part at excursion of a thorax and dullness of percussion sound 2. Scarlet foamy blood from an oral cavity 3. Vomiting by " a coffee grounds " 4. Hemoptysis It is not recommended to apply the leech: 1. At anemia. 4. At the lowered level of blood curtailing. 3. In the first months of pregnancy. Alloplasty is А. Implantation of a material of an animal origin. B. Implantation artificial material. C. Implantation of a material from the patient. D. Implantation of a material from close relatives of the patient. Duration of imposing of a tourniquet in a warm season А. Till 1 o'clock. B. Till 3 o'clock. C. Up to 2 hours. D. Up to 6 hours. E. Till 30 minutes. What for hypotension is used in operation 1. For decrease in need of an organism to oxygen. 2. For improvement of operating conditions for operating surgeon. 3. For the prevention of a strong bleeding. 4. For increase of tolerance of fabrics to hypoxia. Criterion of reliable and correct imposing of an arterial tourniquet is: 1. Definition of a weak pulsation of an artery below a tourniquet. 2. Imposing a plait above injury. 3. Disappearance of pulse below tourniquet. 4. Imposing a plait on the naked finiteness. An optimum way of a stop of a bleeding from varicose veins of finiteness 1. Imposing a tourniquet. 2. Application of chemical means. 3. Imposing pressing bandages. 4. The Vascular suture. 5. Electrocoagulation. Specific hemostatic preparations of blood: 1. Thrombin. 2. Platelet weight. 3. Antihemophilic plasma. 4. Cryoprecipitate. 5. Fibrinolysin. Ways of a stopping bleeding: 1. Pressing bandage. 2. The Maximal bending of the limb. 3. Imposing of the tourniquet. 4. Diathermo-coagulation. 5. Imposing styptic clamp. 6. Manual pressing an artery on extent. Anticoagulants are contraindicated in 1. Hemorrhagic diathesis. 2. Conditions with risk of thromboembolism.</p><p>Specify the chemical preparations used as haemostatic by the purpose: 1. Tripsin. 2. The Solution of hydrogen peroxide. 3. The Solution of calcium chloride. 4. Aminocapronic acid. 5. The Right answer is not present. Parenchymal bleedings can be stopped by applying 1. Pressing bandage. 2. Tamponade with omentum. 3. Removal of a part or all organ. 4. Imposing of a vascular seam. 5. Coagulation. Which is necessary to apply to stop the capillary bleeding: 1. Imposing of a plait. 2. Introduction of hemostatics. 3. Introduction in a wound the hemostatic sponges. 4 Tamponade the wounds with muscular tissues. 5. Operation, shuntings of vessels. Tourniquet is applied in the case of A. Capillary bleeding from a wound. B. Acute thrombophlebitis. C. Damage of artery. D. Parenchymal bleeding. E. Erosion bleeding. Methods of a permanent way of stopping bleeding: 1. Ligation a vessel in the wound. 2. Application of the haemostatic clamp. 3. Imposing of a plait. 4. Vascular suture. 5. Bandaging of a vessel on "extent" Methods of temporary haemostasis 1. Imposing the tourniquet. 2. A vascular suture. 3. The maximal bending of the limb. 4. Ligation of the vessel in a wound. 5. Finger pressure. Mechanical methods of haemostasis 1. Ligation the vessels in the wound. 2. Suturing the bleeding vessel. 3. Bandaging of a vessel on "extent". 4. Blood transfusion. 5. Application the hemostatic sponges. Specify proof-readers of curtailing system of blood 1. Albumin, protein. 2. Packed red blood cells and packed white blood cells. 3. Scale-globulin. 4. cryoprecipitate, plasma, fibrinogen, packed platelets. To biological methods of hemostasis concern: 1. Transfusion the packed white blood cells. 2. Transfusion the blood. 3. Transfusion the blood substitutes. 4. Transfusion the plasma. 5. Application the hemostatic sponge. The most reliable way of definitive hemostas at arrosive hemorrhage A. Finger pressure. B. Ligation of a vessel on "extent". C. Vascular seam. D. Imposing of a plait. For a temporary haemostas of a capillary bleeding is use: 1. A tourniquet 2. A pressing bandage To stop a bleeding from damaged varicose venous node on a shin is possible: 1. By means of a tourniquet 2. A pressing bandage Ligation of vessels on distance is made at: 1. Secondary late bleedings 2. Secondary early bleeding The indication for a vascular suture is: 1. Wound of the big hypodermic vein of a hip 2. Wound of a popliteal artery 3. Parenchymatous bleeding To the physical methods of haemostas concern: 1. Electrocoagulation 2. Ligation of a vessel 3. Tamponade with omentum What of the listed preparations possesses vasoconstrictive effect: 1. Vitamin C 2. Adrocson 3. Adrenaline 4. Dicinon To the biological methods of haemostas concern: 1. 10 % calcium chloride 2. Adrocson 3. Dicinon 4. Tamponade with muscle Thrombin as means for a stop of a bleeding is used: 1. Local 2. Intravenously 3. Intraarterial The occult bleeding proceeds: 1. Promptly, with development of a sharp anemia 2. Slowly, with development of a chronic anemia At hearts tamponade the stop of blood circulation comes: 1. In a systole 2. In diastole The temporary hemostas of external arterial bleeding 1. Imposing of a pressing bandage 2. Local application of a cold 3. Finger pressure of a vessel to a bone 4. The raised position of limb Biological means of local application for stop the bleeding 1. Vicasol 2. Hemostatic sponge 3. Native plasma 4. Calcium chloride The Physical method of a final stop of a bleeding 1. Transfusion of plasma 2. Prosthetics of a vessel 3. Electrocoagulation 4. Imposings of a seam on a vessel To a final stop of a bleeding mechanically apply 1. Imposing of a plait 2. Bubble with an ice 3. Vascular clip 4. Ligation the vessel Pressing bandage impose at a bleeding from 1. Hemorrhoidal bolus 2. Veins of a shin 3. Popliteal artery 4. Parenchymal bodies The Bleeding from a femoral artery refers to be 1. External 2. Internal 3. Mixed 4. Hidden The tourniquet should be applied at 1. The open crisis. 2. Bleeding from veins of a forearm. 3. Capillary bleeding. 4. Bleeding from a popliteal artery. The Mechanical way of a definitive hemostasis 1. Application of fibrinogen. 2. Imposing of an arterial tourniquet 3. Imposing of a vascular suture 4. Application of hemostatic sponge The Biological preparation of the general action for hemostasis. 1. Native plasma 2. Dicinon 3. Hemostatic sponge 4. Thrombin It is expedient to apply to treatment of a hemophilia 1. Gluconate calcium 2. Cryoprecipitate 3. Transfusion of the tinned blood 4. Dicinon Improvised means for a stop of an arterial bleeding 1. Wire 2. Polyethylene package 3. Kapron suture 4. Tourniquet The arterial bleeding from a wound in the top third of forearm can be stopped by bending a hand 1. In a humeral joint 2. In humeral and elbow joints 3. In an elbow joint 4. In radiocarpal joint What group of blood of the patient if at definition with coliclones agglutination with "anti-A " and «super-D» is marked 1. II Rh + 2. II Rh- 3. IV Rh + 4. IV Rh- 5. I Rh- Agglutinins α and β contains in 1. Normoblast. 2. Plasma. 3. Platelets. 4. Leukocytes. 5. Red blood cells. Agglutinogens contains in 1. Leukocytes. 2. Red blood cells. 3. Platelets. 4. Neutrophils. 5. Plasma. Groups of blood was opened by 1. V. Daevid and S. Heling. 2. V. Urevich and M. Rosengart. 3. K.Landshtejner and J.Yanskii 4. I.Bujalskii. 5. N.I.Pirogov. What group of blood if agglutination with 0 (I) and A (II) serums 1. The First. 2. The Second. 3. The Third. 4. The Fourth. 5. Mistake at definition. What group of blood if agglutination with 0 (I) and B (III) serums 1. The First. 2. The Second. 3. The Third. 4. The Fourth. 5. Mistake at definition The third group of blood contains 1. Agglutinins α and β. 2. Agglutinogens A and B 3. Agglutinogen B and agglutinin α. 4. Agglutinogen A and agglutinin β. 5. Does not contain agglutinins and agglutinogen. Cold panagglutination can come at temperature 1. 24-25°С 2. 17-18°С 3. 13-14°С 4. 20-22°С Specify a necessary temperature mode (in degrees by Celsius) at carrying out isoserologic researches 1. 5-8 2. 9-11 3. 16-25 4. 28-30 What the group of blood is? 1. The set of leukocytal antigenes. 2. Serum fibers. 3. The set of erythrocytic antigens. 4. Plasma fibers. 5. Transplantation antigens. Mistakes at definition of blood group depend from 1. Temperature conditions. 2. Time of day. 3. Transferred diseases. How calls the reaction of antigene-antibody in definition of a Rhesus factor of blood? 1. Pseudo-agglutination. 2. Panagglutination. 3. Isoagglutination. Mistakes in definition of blood group can be connected with: 1. Infringement of a temperature mode reaction. 2. The Wrong parity of test reactants and blood. 3. Use of test reactants with expired for fitness. 4. Infringement of techniques and non-observance time of course reaction. 5. With errors in a mode surveyed (a spicy food, smoking). The fence of blood on system ABO and a Rhesus factor is made for definition of compatibility from 1. Vein direct in melangeur. 2. Finger on subject glass with addition of sodium citrate. 3. Vein in a dry test tube. 4. Vein in a test tube about 6 ml isotonic solution of sodium chloride. In what elements of blood the HLA-antigene contains 1. In plasma of blood. 2. In red blood cells. 3. In serum of blood. 4. In leucocytes. 5. In platelets. The fourth group of blood contains 1. Agglutinins α and β. 2. Agglutinogens A and В. 3. Agglutinogen B and agglutinin α. 4. Agglutinogen A and agglutinin β. 5. Do not contain agglutinins and agglutinogens. What antigenes are contained I (O) group of blood 1. О-antigen. 2. A-antigen. 3. B-antigen. 4. O and A antigens. 5. O and B antigens. What antigens are contained II group of blood 1. O-antigen. 2. А-antigen. 3. B-antigen. 4. O and A antigens. 5. O and B antigens. At definition of blood group with standard serums reaction of agglutination is read after: 1. 1 minute. 2. 2 minutes. 3. 5 minutes. 4. 15 minutes. 5. 20 minutes. . What antigenes are contained III group of blood? 1. About-antigen. 2. A-antigen. 3. В-antigen 4. O and A antigens 5. O and B antigens. What elements of blood contain agglutinins: 1. Plasma. 2. Serum. 3. Leukocytes. 4. Platelets. 5. Red blood cells. For the first time the Rhesus factor was opened in 1940 by: 1. Fisher and Reys 2. 2. Landshteiner and Wiener . Agglutinogens A and B concern to what system of antigens? 1. Leukocytal 2. Platelets 3. Erythrocytic 4. Serum Agglutinins α and β appear in people: 1. On 3 month of intra-uterine development. 2. In the moment of a birth. 3. On the 1-st year of life. Reaction of hemagglutination proceeds with participation of complement system, is it correct? 1. Yes 2. No The cross method of definition of blood group is made by means of: 1. Standard red blood cells. 2. Standard serums. 3. 33 % of a polyglukin solution. 4. Standard serums and red blood cells. Blood group 0 (I) is not universal, but potentially dangerous because of: 1. A high credit of agglutinins A and B. 2. A low credit of agglutinins A and B. 3. The credit of agglutinins has no value. The estimation of hemagglutination reaction is made through: 1. 3 minutes 2. 5 minutes 3. 8 minutes 4. 10 minutes . If at definition of a group agglutination has not come with all serums, blood belongs to group: 1. B (III) 2. A (II) 3. O (I) 4. АВ (IY) If at definition of a group agglutination has come with serums of first 3 groups, blood belongs to group: 1. A (II) 2. B (III) 3. АВ (IY) 4. O (I) If at definition of group agglutination has come with serums of the first and third group, blood belongs to group: 1. O (I) 2. A (II) 3. B (III) 4. АВ (IY) If at definition of a group agglutination has come with serums of the first and second group, blood belongs to group: 1. O (I) 2. A (II) 3. B (III) 4. АВ (IY) If at definition of a group agglutination has not come with serums of all four groups takes place: 1.0 (I) 2. АВ (IY) 3. Nonspecific agglutination. .</p><p>What is the action of Reopolyglucin? 1. Improves microcirculation. 2. Promotes curtailing of blood. 3. Fills volume of circulating blood. 4. Improves flow properties of blood. 5. Stimulates erythropoiesis. Classification of the blood substitutes by action: 1. Hemodynamic. 2. For parenteral feeding. 3. Hemodilution. 4. Disintoxication. 5. Buffer. 6. For regulation hidro-salt and acid-alkaline condition. The mechanism of action disintoxication blood substitutes: 1. Ability of linkage of the toxins containing in blood. 2. Ability of destruction of the toxins containing in blood. 3. Improvement capillary perfusion and deducing of toxins from tissues. For knocking over electrolites infringements use: 1. Physiological solution. 2. 5 % a solution of glucose. 3. Calcium chloride. 4. Kalii chloride. 5. Plasma of blood. The mechanism of action of the poured blood: 1. Completion blood volume. 2. Completion oxygen-transport function. 3. Hemostatic action. 4. Immunopotentiation. 5. Nutritious action. Main principles of treatment pyrogenic and allergic reactions after hemotransfusion: 1. Warming the patient (to cover a blanket, hot-water bottles to a waist, legs). 2. Intravenous injection of calcium chloride. 3. Cold (an ice on a waist). 4. Antisensitizer. 5. Blood substitutes hemodynamic actions. What is the term " massive hemotransfusion " means? 1. Blood transfusion for the period up to 24 hours more than 10-15 % blood volume. 2. For the period up to 24 hours more than 40-50 % blood volume. 3. Blood transfusion for the period up to 24 hours more than 80-90 % blood volume. Indications for transfusion of integral blood 1. Acute anemia. 2. Chronic anemia. 3. Acute eczema. 4. Acute heart attack of a myocardium. 5. Hepatorenal insufficiency. 6. With the purpose of a hemostasis. Indications to transfusion leukocytal mass: 1. Anemia. 2. Hemophilia. 3. Leukopenia. 4. Radiation sickness. Indications to transfusion red blood cells suspensions: 1. Acute anemia. 2. Chronic anemia. 3. Burn shock. 4. Expressed intoxication. At carrying out of biological test the blood is enters: 1. Droplet. 2. Stream. 3. Repeated three times. 4. Quadruple. 5. On 5 ml. 6. On 15 ml. 7. On 30 ml. The cause of development the hemotransfusion shock 1. Transfusions of greater dozes of blood. 2. Transfusion of incompatible by system ABO and a Rhesus factor blood. 3. Sharp massive bloodloss of 3-4 degrees. 4. Transfusion just-citrated blood. 5. Blood transfusion with a long period of storage. . Possible ways of carrying out hemotransfusion: 1. In to the peripheral viens. 2. In central viens. 3. In spongy substance of bone. 4. In hypodermic fat. 5. In a chest lymphatic channel. 6. In arteries. Specify blood substitutes with hemodynamic actions: 1. Polyamine. 2. Reopolyglukin. 3. Polyglukin. 4. Lipofundin. 5. Gelatinol. Biological test in vivo on compatibility at hemotransfusions: 1. Doing before carrying out of all serological researches. 2. Doing after carrying out of all serological reseaches. In what cases exchange blood transfusion is indicated: 1. Acute anemia. 2. Exogenous poisonings. 3. Hemolytic illness of new-born. 4. Acute intimate insufficiency. What complications can occure after blood transfusion? 1. Posttransfusion shock. 2. Hemorrhagic gastritis. 3. Citrate intoxication. 4. Pyrogenic reactions. 5. Allergic reactions. Specify collateral reactions in introduction of blood substitutes: 1. Citrate shock. 2. Allergic reaction. 3. Pyrogenic reaction. 4. Toxic reactions. Specify the stages of blood transfusion: 1. Definition of recipient’s blood group. 2. Definition of donor’s blood group. 3. Carrying out of individual test on compatibility by blood group. 4. Carrying out of individual test on compatibility by Rhesus factor. 5. Carrying out biological tests. Specify compensatory adaptation mechanisms of an organism to the bloodloss and to decrease of blood volume: 1. A vessels spasm. 2. Increase of pulse and breathing. 3. Increase of the blood volume due to redistribution of interstitial fluid. 4. Increase of the central venous pressure. Сompensatory reactions at bloodloss: 1. Centralization of blood flow. 2. Hemodilution. 3. Hemoconcentration. 4. Deposition of blood. 5. Hypervolemia. How often is spent test on individual compatibility? 1. At repeated hemotransfusion 2. Only before the first transfusion. 3. Before eachone transfusion. 4. Undertakes from the passport of the patient. 5. Undertakes from the case record. To posttransfusion complications caused by mistakes in technics of blood transfusion and infringement of asepsis, concerns 1. Air embolism. 2. Pielonefritis. 3. Thromboembolism. 4. HIV-infection. 5. Sepsis. With the purpose of hemostasis at the acute bleeding first of all it is necessary to infuse 1. Leucocytic mass. 2. Blood substitutes. 3. Plasma or integral blood. 4. The Glucose solution. 5. Red blood cells. Preventive maintenance of hemotransfusion reactions and complications is 1. Only psychological preparation of patients. 2. Transfusion blood only of the first group. 3. Selection of blood only by АBО and Rhesus factor. 4. Selection of blood by group and Rhesus factor with tests on compatibility. 5. Carrying out only biological test. Specify working lives of the tinned blood 1. 1 day. 2. 12 days. 3. 21 days. 4. 35 days. 5. 1 year. Specify the blood substitutes with osmodiuretic actions 1. Ringer’s Solution, acesol. 2. Laktosol, trisol. 3. Mannit, sorbitol. 4. Polifor, reogluman. 5. Intralipid, lipofundin. </p><p>Application of poliglukin is counter-indicative at 1. Acute blood losses. 2. Shock. 3. Acute circulatory insufficiency. 4. Tissues hypovolemic From what consists supervision over patients during hemotransfusion? 1. Supervise appetite and mood of the patient. 2. Supervise the general state of health of the patient, pulse, breathing. 3. Supervise gsweating, pains in a stomach and rise in temperature. 4. During 5 hours hourly sweating a body temperature. Specify the possible reason of development posttransfusion reaction: 1. Preceded emotional anxiety of the patient. 2. Preceded purulent processes (a furuncule, etc.). 3. Blood transfusion, is long stored at room temperature. 4. Blood transfusion at night. Treatment of posttransfusion shock includes following components: 1. Warming the patient, introduction of plasma. 2. Bilaterial paranefric blockade. 3. Exchange transfusion of 500-750 ml one-group compatible blood. 4. Antihistaminic, cardiovascular preparation Working life of native plasma and leucocytes weight? 1. 3 days. 2. 1 month. 3. 5 years. Specify hyperimmune preparations of plasma and blood 1. Dry plasma, native plasma, albumin. 2. Antistafiloccocal plasma, antistaphylococcal scale-globulin. 3. Polifer, gelatinol. Features of blood transfusion to the patients who are being in condition of narcosis: 1. Befor transfusion to the patient spends all tests on compatibility. 2. Biological test is not spent. 3. Is spent only biological test. When it is possible to write out the patient after hemotransfusion? 1. At once after. 2. After 3 day in a case of absence of pathological reactions Displays early posthemotransfusion complications caused by transfusion of incompatible blood: 1. Expressed hyperthermia. 2.Oligurija, anuria, hemoglobinuria. 3. Dyspepsia frustrations. 4. Heat, constraint in a breast, pains in a stomach and loins Actions of the responsible doctor in hospital in case of transfusion of incompatible blood: 1. Causes the adviser from branch " artificial kidney ". 2. Starts exchange transfusion of blood. 3. Makes to the patient transplantation of a kidney. What test is needable at transfusion of plasma? 1. No tests. 2. Group compatibility. 3. Rhesus factor-compatibility. 4. Biological. 5. Intraskin on bearableness. The mechanism of medical action of hemodynamic blood substitutes. 1. Reduce arterial pressure. 2. Raise the maintenance of fiber in blood. 3. Keep a liquid in vascular channel. 4. Cause diuretic effect. 5. Have anti-inflammatory effect. Specify normal parameters of hemoglobin of blood (in g/l) 1. 80-100 2. 120-160 3. 180-190 Components of blood 1. Polyglukin, polyfer, acesol, alvesin. 2. Plasma, platelets, red blood cells and white blood cells. 3. Glucose, a physiological solution. 4. Antitetanus serum. 5. Epsilon-aminocapronic acid. What is contra-indications for hemotransfusion? A. Acute renal insufficiency. B. Low CVP. 3. Metabolic acidosis. 4. Hemorrhagic shock. 5. High AP. Treatment of hemotransfusion shock includes: 1. Termination of blood transfusion. 2. Introduction of cardiovascular, antihistaminic substances. 3. Transfusion of antishock blood sudstitutes, electrolits, glucose. 4. Stimulation of diuresis, hemodialysis, hemosorption What most dangerous complication after operation is possible at hemophilia? 1. Traumatic shock. 2. Postoperative pneumonia. 3. Postoperative paresis of intestines. 4. Suppuration of a wound. 5. Bleeding To components of blood concern: 1. Red blood cells. 2. Plateletes. 3. Hemodes. 4. Plasma. 5. "Aminokrovin". At transfusion blood group is checking: 1. Before the first hemotransfusion. 2. Before eachone hemotransfusion. 3. It is not checked, enough the sign in the passport. 4. It is not checked, enough the sign in the case record. 5. It is not checked, enough taking anamnesis. At preparing of patients to hemotransfusion it is necessary: 1. To make the general analysis of urine. 2. To make the general analysis of blood. 3. To collect hemotransfusion anamnes. 4. To collect obstetric anamnes. 5. To execute washing a stomach. Polyglukin concerns to: 1. Blood preparations. 2. Serum. 3. Antishock preparations. 4. Fatty emulsion. 5. Desintoxication preparations. Reinfusion of blood is a transfusion: 1. Donor’s tinned blood. 2. Blood from various cavities of organism collecting in bleeding. 3. Preserved before prepared of autoblood. What preparations concern to desintoxications: 1. Hemodes. 2. “Aminokrovin”. 3. Neohemodes. 4. Lypofundin. 5. Aminosol. What preparations concern to albuminous hydrolyzates? 1. Hemodes. 2. “Aminokrovin”. 3. Aminopeptide. 4. Lipofundin. 5. Polyglukin. The stages which are carried out at transfusion of blood substitutes: 1. Definition of indications for transfusion. 2. Choose the way of introduction blood substitutes. 3. Definition a Rhesus factor-accessory. 4. Carrying out biological tests. 5. Definition the speed of blood substitutes introduction. 6. Supervision over a patient’s condition. What complications can arise at transfusion plasma-substituting solutions: 1. Posttransfusion shock. 2. Air embolism. 3. Infection with AIDS or a syphilis. 4. Anaphylactic shock. 5. Citrated shock. What from below listed can lead to complications of blood transfusion: 1. The mistakes admitted at carrying out of serologic tests. 2. Mistakes in technics of blood transfusion. 3. Insufficient inspection of the donor. 4. Use of the depressurized ampoule with blood. 5. Not carrying out of biological test. Is biological test carried out at blood transfusion of patients under a narcosis? 1. Yes . 2. No. At carrying out the tests on individual compatibility is mix up: 1. Plazma of blood of the patient and donor’s blood. 2. Plazma of the donor and blood of the patient. 3. Red blood cells of the patient and blood of the donor. 4. Red blood cells of the donor and blood of the patient. 5. Red blood cells of the patient and red blood cells of the donor. In what cases it is possible reinfusion of blood: 1. At extrauterine pregnancy. 2. At rupter of a gut. 3. At rupter of splin. 4. At rupter of artery. 5. At rupter of a stomach. </p><p>Indirect blood transfusion is: 1. Transfusion of the tinned blood from a bottle 2. Direct transfusion from the donor to the recipient. Autohemotransfusion - is: 1. Return blood transfusion to the patient, grown lazy in various cavities. 2. Transfusion preserved autoblood, beforehand prepared from the patient. 3. Transfusion of blood direct from the donor to the recipient. Reinfusion of blood - is: 1. Transfusion of preserved autoblood, beforehand prepared from the patient. 2. The return blood transfusion, grown lazy in serous cavities Displays the syndrome of massive hemotransfusion: 1. Acute renal insufficiency 2. Metabolic acidosis, hyperkaliemia. 3. Increase in fibrinolitic activity of blood. The basic purpose of exchange blood transfusion is: 1. Removal together with blood of toxins, products of disintegration and hemolisis. 2. Introduction together with blood of missing factors of curtailing system of blood. At presence of absolute indications for hemotransfusion what contra-indications can be? 1. Not considered. 2. Acute cardiovascular insufficiency. 3. Hypostasis of a lung. 4. Renal insufficiency For the prevention of the complications caused of sodium citrate in tinned blood, is applying: 1. 10 % sodium chloride. 2. 10 % calcium chloride. 3.10 % kalium chloride. Peinfusion of blood is made: 1. At rupter of the main vessels of finitenesses 2. At bleeding in a chest or abdominal cavity. 3. At bleeding in a gleam of a gastrointestinal tract. Hemolysis at transfusion of incompatible blood is possible to define by means of: 1. Rules of Ottenberg 2. Kumbs’s reactions. 3. Bukster’s tests To preparations of blood concern: 1. Polyglucin. 2. Protein. 3. Gelatinol. 4. Lypofundin. Hemodinamic actions concern to preparations, such as: 1. Hemodes. 2. Polyglucin. 3. Lactosol. For preventive maintenance of a virus hepatites is used: 1. Scale-globulin. 2. Antistaphylococcal plasma. 3. Native plasma. For parenteral feeding is used: 1. Lypofundin. 2. Hemodes. 3. Reopolyglucin. Disintoxication actions concern to preparations: 1. Lypofundin. 2. Polymisinformation. 3. Gelatinol. At acute anemia is expedient to apply: 1. Red blood cells. 2. Plateletes. 3. White blood cells. 4. Native plasma. At radiation sickness it is necessary to apply: 1. Red blood cells. 2. Leucocites. 3. Plateletes. 4. Native plasma. At transfusion of dry plasma it is necessary to consider: 1. Group of blood. 2. Group of blood and a Rhesus factor-accessory. 3. There is no necessity of an establishment of group compatibility. Working life of native plasma: 1. About 3 days. 2. Till 7 days. 3. Till 10 days. 4. Till 21 days. At acidosis introduction is expedient: 1. A physiological solution of sodium chloride. 2. Trisamin. 3. 5 % of glucose solution. 4. Ringer’s solution. Which of the following diseases is non-malignant growth? 1. atheroma 2. desmoid (tumor) 3. ovarian cystoma 4. fibroadenoma 5. condyloma The cause of anemia in a case of malignant tumors is: 1. panmyelophthisis 2. transgression of В 12 assimilation 3. arrosive hemorrhage 4. cachexy Method of systemic treatment of malignant tumors is: 1. chemotherapy 2. surgical treatment 3. radiotherapy 4. cryosurgery On what stage of cancer is indicated palliative surgery? 1. Т 1 N 0 M 0 2. T 4 N 3 M 1 3. T 3 N 2 M 0 4. T 2 N 1 M 0 Infiltrating growth of malignant tumor determined by: 1. hormone-depending 2. specific structure of tumor-cell membrane 3. interferon action 4. transgression of topoinhibition grows principle Which from the follow is obligatory precancerous lesion? 1. inherited intestinal polyposis 2. chronic hepatitis 3. erosio colli uteri 4. leukoplakia 5. polyp of urinary bladder Which from the follow is not the chemical carcinogens 1. aflatoxins 2. sulfur amino acids 3. dioxins 4. nitrosocompounds 5. aromatic amines What is evoking the malignant transformation of normal cell? 1. viral elements 2. carcinogen 3. oncogene 4. virogene Virogene is evoking: 1. infiltrating growth 2. malignant transformation of cells 3. production of oncoprotein 4. unlimited cellular mitosis In the case of isogenic transplantation whom to each other will be donor and recipient? 1. the same person 2. enzygotic twins 3. alliance of first stage 4. the same species 5. different species In the case of autogenic transplantation, whom to each other will be donor and recipient? 1. the same person 2. enzygotic twins 3. alliance of first stage 4. the same species 5. different species In the case of syngenic transplantation, whom to each other will be donor and recipient? 1. the same person 2. enzygotic twins 3. alliance of first stage 4. the same species 5. different species In the case of allogenic transplantation, whom to each other will be donor and recipient? 1. the same person 2. enzygotic twins 3. alliance of first stage 4. the same species 5. different species In the case of xenogenic transplantation, whom to each other will be donor and recipient? 1. the same person 2. enzygotic twins 3. alliance of first stage 4. the same species 5. different species Which of the following is skin grafting by Yacenko-Reverden? 1. flap regional 2. flap remote 3. free skin grafting How calls the transplantation of donors organ on the new anatomic place? 1. orthotopic transplantation 2. heterotopic transplantation With what is lining internal surface of the labelloid fistula? 1. granulation tissue 2. epithelium 3. mucosa For what is typical acute ischemia of limbs? 1. acute arterial impassability 2. phlebothrombosis What is the sign of irreversible ischemia of limb? 1. edema of limb 2. total muscular contraction 3. cyanosis of limb What is the complication of ileofemoral phlebothrombosis? 1. acute myocardial infarction 2. infarct-pneumonia 3. ischemic stroke What is the complication of the varicose veins of lower limbs? 1. acute trombophlebitis 2. acute ischemia of the limb For what is typical the distal type of arterial involvement? 1. nonspecific aortoarteritis 2. obliterating atherosclerosis 3. obliterating trombongiit For what is typical migrate trombophlebitis? 1. nonspecific aortoarteritis 2. obliterating atherosclerosis 3. obliterating trombongiit What symptoms is typical for acute ischemia of limbs? 1. pain in limbs, edema, cyanosis 2. pain in limbs, pallor, limitation of active movements 3. skin itch, hyperemia of the shank, rise in temperature Tactics of treatment of femoral artery embolism: 1. emergency operation 2. elective operation 3. conservative treatment What is using for correction of metabolic disorders in the case of “ischemic syndrome”? 1. forced diuresis and hemosorption 2. hemosorption and warming of limb 3. forced diuresis and warming of limb What is typical for diabetic angiopathy? 1. proximal type of arterial involvement and high frequency of infection complications 2. distal type of arterial involvement and high frequency of infection complications 3. proximal type of arterial involvement and transgression haptic apprehensibility In what type of wound will be the most favourable conditions for healing? 1. stab wound 2. incised wound 3. chopped wound 4. compound wound 5. gunshot wound How much microbial cells should be on 1 g of tissue in infected wound? 1. 1000 and more 2. 10000 and more 3. 100000 and more 4. 1000000 and more 5. 10000000 and more The wound is called penetrating if presence the injury of which peritoneum? 1. parietal peritoneum 2. visceral peritoneum The wound is called penetrating in to the cranial cavity if presence the injury of: 1. cranial bones 2. cranial aponeurosis 3. pachymeninx The infection of wound will be secondary when it entered in to the wound… 1. during injury 2. from wound object 3. during first aid From what resulting the severity of gun shot injury? 1. kinetic energy of bullet 2. thermal burn 3. poisoning with gun powder gas What size has the entrance hole in perforating gun shot wound? 1. larger than outcome 2. lesser than outcome 3. equal to outcome The reparation calls the substitution of damaged skin on to the… 1. analogous tissue 2. connective tissue The regeneration calls the substitution of damaged skin on to the… 1. analogous tissue 2. connective tissue During what period appeared visible granulation tissue? 1. preparatory 2. biological purification 3. preliminary reparation 4. final reparation Till what time should be done the early primary surgical d-bridement? 1. 6 hours 2. 24 hours 3. 48 hours How calls the sutures applied on the wound after incision of scars? 1. primary delayed suture 2. secondary early sutures 3. secondary late sutures In what period is indicated using of enzymes medicine? 1. preparatory 2. biological purification 3. preliminary reparation 4. final reparation What will be the contraindication to the primary surgical d-bridement? 1. shock 2. presence of necrotic tissues in the wound 3. presence of alien bodies in the wound Which wounds is not processing surgically? 1. surface incised wound 2. penetrating stab wound 3. gun shot wound Is it necessary to observe the rules of asepsis and antisepsis during surgical processing of purulent wound? 1. not necessary 2. desirable 3. obligatory What you should do in the phase of wound aquation? 1. rest for damaged organ 2. massage, exercise therapy Which of the follow is proteolytic enzyme? 1. tripsin 2. Rivanol 3. xeroform What is one of the best preparation for mechanical cleaning the wound? 1. 3% hydrogen peroxide 2. tripsin 3. boric acid In what phase is using 3% hydrogen peroxide for treating the wound? 1. in the phase of wound aquation 2. the phase of wound deaquation 3. in both phases What time is necessary for healing fracture of hip of mild age man? 1. less than two months 2. more than two months What is the absolute clinical sign of fracture? 1. hyperemia of skin 2. pallor of skin 3. bone crepitation 4. limb edema When it is necessary to use osteosynthesis for treating fractures? 1. fractures of tibial shaft without dislocation 2. fracture of radius in typical place 3. mesial fracture of the neck of femur Symptoms of intraarticular fracture 1. disorder of sound conduction in bone 2. hemarthros 3. pathologic mobility What are the causes of Folkman’s contracture formation? 1. false joint formation 2. too long duration of immobilization 3. blood supply disturbance What is the mechanism of cervical hip fracture? 1. fall from a height 2. compression on broadside direction 3. fall on sideways 4. pathological process in bone tissue Where is the typical location of cracks? 1. shoulder 2. pelvic bones 3. heel bone 4. clavicle Typical period of skeletal extension is 1. 3-5 weeks 2. 2-3 months When should be done the first X-ray control after applying of the gypsum bandage? 1. first 24 hours 2. in 2-3 days 3. in 6-8 days 4. in 10-14 days Neoarthrosis can develop as the result of what? 1. compression fracture 2. green-stick fracture 3. shaft [diaphyseal] fracture 4. intra-articular fracture 5. epiphyseal separation 6. displaced fracture How is diagnose the injury of urinary bladder? 1. plan X-ray-scope of pelvis minor organs 2. cystography 3. cystoscopy In what case can develop subcutaneous emphysema? 1. damage of thoracic surface 2. damage of parietal pleura and lung When the cranial trauma will be open? 1. damage of the cranial aponeurosis 2. damage of the cranial skin 3. damage of the calvarium bones How is diagnosis the cause of hemoperitoneum? 1. plan X-ray-scope of the abdominal cavity 2. laparoscopy 3. auscultation 4. ultrasound investigation of abdomen What is indicated in the case of cerebral compression signs development? 1. conservative treatment 2. planning operation 3. emergency operation When can occur the pressure pneumothorax? 1. open injury of thorax 2. lung laceration 3. damage of parietal pleura How is define the Blumberg's sign? 1. auscultation 2. palpation 3. percussion What is typical for clinical picture of rupture of liver? 1. internal bleeding 2. traumatic shock 3. internal bleeding and traumatic shock What is typical for burn with hot water? 1. small deepness and square 2. small deepness and large square 3. large deepness and large square What type of scab is typical for electric burn? 1. pale 2. black 3. brown What type of necrosis is typical for acid burn? 1. coagulation necrosis 2. colliquative necrosis 3. caseous necrosis With what is often combine the fire burn? 1. fat embolism 2. methemoglobinemia 3. carboxyhemoglobinemia 4. glucosuria What is the action of alkali on skin? 1. coagulation of cells proteins 2. impregnation of cells proteins 3. hydrolysis of cells 4. saponification of lipid cells membranes By what veins the infection from face furuncle goes in to the cerebral sinuses? 1. v.subclavia 2. v.jugularis anterior 3. v.anonima 4. v.angularis oculi What is the most dangerous complication of the face carbuncle? 1. erysipelas 2. folliculitis 3. thrombosis of cavernous sinus What changes is possible to see in blood in the case of grave pyoinflammatory process? 1. globular value 2. platelets 3. increasing of number of stab neutrophils What signs is typical for subcutaneous whitlow as the result of fast blood supply disturbance? 1. black skin on fingers 2. skin itch 3. throbbing pain When appeared X-ray signs of bony panaris? 1. 1-2 days 2. 1 week 3. 2-3 weeks From what begins the surgical treatment of thecal whitlow? 1. immobilization 2. sequestrectomy 3. incision 4. puncture Which from follow is concern to specific surgical infection? 1. extrapulmonary tuberculosis 2. brucellosis 3. syphilis of bones and joints 4. anthrax 5. actinomycosis 6. rabbit-fever What is the most often cause of tuberculosis of bones and joints? 1. Mycobacterium avis 2. Mycobacterium bovis 3. Mycobacterium tuberculosis 4. Mycobacterium africanum When is not indicated the surgical treatment? 1. tuberculosis of bones and joints 2. actinomycosis 3. syphilis in organ stage 4. leprosy 5. brucellosis For what age is more typical hematogenous osteomyelitis? 1. adults 2. old age 3. children and young boys 4. children and young girls 5. no matter What is the most often place of damage in a case of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis? 1. epiphysis 2. metaphysis 3. epiphyseal cartilage What it the most often cause of gas gangrene? 1. Cl. novyi 2. Cl. septicum 3. Cl. histoliticum 4. Cl. perfringens In which form will be the most grave course of anaerobic gas gangrene? 1. subfascial 2. эпифасциальной What color will have muscles in the case of anaerobic gas gangrene? 1. rich red 2. boiled meat 3. normal What is typical for septicopyemic form of sepsis? 1. disorders of carbohydrate metabolism 2. multiple primary focuses 3. purulent metastases formation 4. progressing endotoxemia What is the most often cause of peritonitis? 1. acute enterocolitis 2. acute appendicitis To which type concern Cl.Tetani? 1. aerobe 2. facultative anaerobe 3. obligate anaerobe Has the human natural immunity to tetanus toxin? 1. yes 2. no To which type of bacterias concern Cl.Tetani? 1. gram-positive coccus 2. gram-positive bacillus 3. gram-negative bacillus 4. gram-negative coccus What is the most common cause of death in tetanus? 1. stroke 2. asphyxia, pneumonia 3. myocardial infarction 4. cardiac rupture What symptom is calls the lockjaw? 1. tonic convulsions of the masseter muscles 2. tonic convulsions of the mimic muscles 3. tonic convulsions of muscles at the place of injury What is concern to emergency nonspecific prophylaxis of tetanus? 1. injection of the antitetanus serum 2. injection of the tetanus anatoxin 3. injection of the antitetanus immunoglobulin 4. primary surgical d-bridement of wounds What temperature has patient with severe form of tetanus? 1. lower then 36 ºC 2. 36-37 ºC 3. до 38 ºC 4. свыше 38 ºC What agent is cause the erysipelas? 1. staphylococcus 2. colibacillus 3. streptococcus А 4. mixed flora What complication is specific for erysipelas? 1. trombophlebitis 2. sepsis 3. lymphostasis 4. lymphadenitis What is typical for deep phlegmon? 1. bright hyperemia of the skin and fluctuation 2. absence of hyperemia and fluctuation 3. hyperemia of the skin and fluctuation appeared on 3-4 day of disease What is needable to do if the patient after lancing of phlegmone during 3-4 days has high temperature and chill? 1. antipyretic medication 2. revision of wound and blood inoculation 3. X-ray therapy What is distinguish nonspecific abscess from cold abscess? 1. Absence of acute purulent inflammation signs 2. Presence of acute purulent inflammation signs 3. long time of duration From what actions consists the surgical treatment of abscess? 1. cut the abscess 2. incision of abscess by broad of healthy tissues 3. cut and drain the abscess When the mastitis more often occur? 1. In pregnancy women before delivery 2. During first month of the postpartum period 3. On the 2-3 months of postpartum period What type of section is typical for treatment of paraproctitis? 1. near external sphincter 2. 3-4 centimeters from external sphincter 3. 1,5-2 centimeters from external sphincter What is the most typical cause of paraproctitis? 1. monoinfection 2. multiinfection 3. mixed infection From what depend the particular clinical picture of parotitis? 1. innervation of face 2. blood supply of the face 3. anatomy of the parotid gland What is the feature of the clinical picture of the acute paratitis? 1. earlier appearance of hyperemia and fluctuation 2. late appearance of intoxication symptoms 3. late appearance of hyperemia and fluctuation What treatment is applying for acute infiltrative mastitis? 1. only conservative 2. if no effect from conservative treatment, section of the infiltration 3. if no effect from conservative treatment, excision of the infiltration 3. Damage of what lays is typical for 1 stage of burn? 1. epidermis 2. surface lays of derma 3. all derma Damage of what lays is typical for 2 stage of burn? 1. epidermis 2. papillary lay 3. surface lays of derma 4. all derma Damage of what lays is typical for IIIA stage of burn? 1. epidermis 2. surface lays of derma 3. all derma Damage of what lays is typical for IIIB stage of burn? 1. epidermis 2. surface lays of derma 3. all derma To what type concern the IIIA stage burn? 1. deep 2. surface Barotraumas is the result of what? 1. ducking 2. gun shot injury 3. fall from a height 4. explosion What is the most important part in pathogenesis of “crash”-syndrome? 1.myoglobinemia 2. lipidemia 3. bacteremia How calls the trauma caused by diagnostic or treatment measures? 1. in-hospital 2. nosocomial 3. simultant 4. casual 5. iatrogenic What is the chief symptom in long tissues compression? 1. loss of plasma 2. generalized infection 3. respiratory failure 4. exotoxicosis As the result of what trauma develop the “crash”-syndrome? 1. thorax 2. abdomen 3. bones and joints 4. cross-striped muscles 5. brain Between what is situated the epidural space? 1. pachymeninx and yellow chord 2. pachymeninx and pia 3. pia and arachnoid What concentration of Lidocain is using for epidural anesthesia? 1. 10 % 2. 5 % 3. 2 % 4. 1 % In what concentration is using Novocain for block regional anesthesia? 1. 3,5 % 2. 2 % 3. 10 % 4. 0,25 % What medical preparation has intensive antihypoxic action? 1. geksenal 2. thiopental sodium 3. sombrevin 4. sodium oxybutirat Hallucinatory syndrome is typical for… 1. ketamin 2. sodium oxybutirat 3. sombrevin 4. thiopental sodium To what type of anesthesia concern local cooling of tissues in the zone of operation? 1. General anesthesia 2. potentiating analgesia 3. combine analgesia 4. local anesthesia What is puncturing during epidural anesthesia? 1. pachymeninx 2. not puncturing pachymeninx 3. pachymeninx and subarachnoid membranes Is during spinal anesthesia puncturing pachymeninx? 1. yes 2. no During what narcosis is impossible the development of laryngospasm? 1. intravenous narcosis 2. epidural anesthesia 3. inhalation anesthesia 4. endotracheal anesthesia What is using for local anesthesia? 1. trylen 2. halothane 3. thiopental sodium 4. chloroethane To what type of anesthesia concern local anesthesia by Vishnevskii? 1. terminal 2. infiltrative 3. epidural 4. regional Who the first used spinal anesthesia? 1. Birr 2. Griffiths 3. Polling 4. Simpson What is the absolute indication for endotracheal anesthesia? 1. chest (thoracic) surgery 2. abdominal surgery 3. traumatologic surgery 4. operations on vessels of the lower limbs When is using muscle relaxants? 1. intravenous anesthesia 2. mask anesthesia 3. endotracheal anesthesia 4. epidural anesthesia When is possible the development of regurgitation during endotracheal anesthesia? 1. during process of intubation 2. in the middle of operation 3. before induction anesthesia 4. during premedication What concern to the terminal condition? 1. coma 2. collapse 3. shock 4. preagonic What begins after agonic condition? 1. preagonic 2. apparent death 3. terminal pause 4. natural death What happens with circulation of the blood in apparent death? 1. saved 2. disturbed 3. absent Which from follow is the sign of cardiac arrest? 1. absence of pulse on carotid artery 2. dilation of pupil 3. absence of breezing 4. unconscious state What is the duration time of apparent death at normal temperature of environment? 1. 3-5 minutes 2. 8-10 minutes 3. 1-2 minutes 4. 8-10 seconds When the duration of apparent death can increase? 1. increasing the temperature of environment 2. decreasing the temperature of environment 3. decreasing of the atmosphere pressure 4. increasing of the atmosphere pressure What is the absolute sigh of natural death? 1. livores mortis 2. decreasing of the body temperature 3. cadaveric rigidity 4. absence of pulse on carotid artery 5. dilated pupils without reaction on light In what situation the prognosis will be the most favorable? 1. primary blood circulation arrest 2. primary breezing arrest 3. primary disturbance in centeral nervous system How many percentage of blood circulation volume giving the close hart massage? 1. 20 2. 10 3. 40 4. 50 How many percentage of oxygen contain the expired air? 1. 10 2. 16 3. 23 4. 35 What phases has the burn disease (in order)? 1. reconvalescention 2. septicotoxemia 3. burn shock 4. burn toxemia From what actions consist the first aid in electric trauma (in order)? 1. applying of aseptic bandage 2. anti-shock measurements 3. artificial breathing and closed heart massage 4. liberation from action of electricity What zones has the gun-shot wounds (in order)? 1. reactive 2. primary necrosis 3. secondary necrosis 4. wound canal What periods has the wound process (in order)? 1. sublimation from necrotic tissues 2. vessels overpatching 3. reorganization of scar and epithelization 4. formation and maturing of the granulation tissue What lays has the granulation tissue (in order)? 1. the lay of vertical vessels 2. the lay of vessels meshes 3. leukocytal-necrotic 4. fibrous lay 5. the lay of horizontal fibroblasts 6. ripening lay What steps has the treatment of pressure (tense) pneumothorax (in order)? 1. thoracotomy 2. treating the cause of pneumothorax 3. active drainage of the pleural cavity 4. normalization of blood circulation 5. prophylaxis of pneumonia What stages typical for “crash”-symptom (in order)? 1. toxaemia 2. hypovolemic shock 3. reconvalescension 4. acute renal insufficiency What stages has primary surgical d-bridement (in order)? 1. hemostasis 2. dissection of wound 3. excision of the ends of wound 4. drainaging of wound 5. revision of wound and cleaning from alien bodies </p>