<p>Table S2: Effect of kinase inhibitors on TDP-43 and HuR-positive stress granule formation induced by paraquat treatment in SH-SY5Y cells.</p><p>Kinase Kinase inhibitor Target TDP-43 stress Inhibition HuR stress Inhibition of inhibitor name kinase granule- of TDP- granule- HuR stress number positive cells 43 stress positive cells granules (% of granules (% of (P<0.05 paraquat (P<0.05 paraquat compared to treated cells) compared treated cells) control, to control, Yes/No) Yes/No) 0 Paraquat only - 100  4.4 NA 100  2.6 NA 1 AG 490 EGFR 147.4  3.7 No 103.1  7.4 No 2 ML 9 hydrochloride MLCK 97.3  3.3 No 77.4  3 No 3 AG 213 EGFR 104  2.1 No 101  1.4 No 4 Fasudil ROCK 100  2.3 No 107.9  8.3 No hydrochloride 5 GF 109203X PKC 73.8  6.3 No 78.4  3.2 No 6 Genistein EGFR 64.1  3.9 Yes 74  11.2 No 7 LY 294002 PI3K 36.8  5 Yes 97.7  3.4 No hydrochloride 8 U0126 MEK 12.3  4.7 Yes 27.2  8.5 Yes 9 PD 98059 MEK 18  2.9 Yes 14.6 = 6.3 Yes 10 Y-27632 ROCK 94.8  7.3 No 96.6  9.3 No dihydrochloride 11 SB 202190 p38 152.5  5.6 No 105  3.3 No MAPK 12 Olomoucine CDK 6.6  2.8 Yes 98.2  2.4 No 13 LFM-A13 BTK 137.5  8.3 No 151  13.9 No 14 ZM 336372 Raf 43.1  1.9 Yes 47.7  3.6 Yes 15 ZM 449829 JAK3 72.2  7.1 No 81.2  6.9 No 16 ZM 39923 JAK3 93  6.8 No 99.3  4.1 No hydrochloride 17 GW 5074 Raf 19.2  2.6 Yes 5.4  0.6 Yes 18 PP 1 Src 102.6  7.9 No 107.7  5 No 19 SB 203580 p38 62.9  13.7 Yes 55.1  11.6 Yes hydrochloride MAPK 20# (-)-Terreic acid BTK 101.4  6 No 103.1  5.6 No 21# PP 2 Src Toxic NA Toxic NA 22 SU 4312 VEGFR 100  4 No 109.5  13.2 No 23 SP 600125 JNK 2.4  1.7 Yes 97.2  6.6 No 24# Purvalanol A CDK 96.1  2 No 95.4  1.8 No 25 Purvalanol B CDK 37.7  5.8 Yes 63.2  7.8 Yes 26# Rottlerin PKC 102.4  4.6 No 101  8.2 No 27 SB 431542 TGFbR1 110  5.1 No 105.7  4.4 No 28 SB 216763 GSK-3 29.3  2 Yes 103.2  3.8 No 29# SB 415286 GSK-3 9  4.4 Yes 97  2 No 30 Arctigenin MEK 42.7  4.3 Yes 43.3  1.7 Yes 31 NSC 693868 CDK 101  3.9 No 97.8  2 No 32# SB 239063 p38 13.9  3.7 Yes 18.2  6.3 Yes MAPK 33 SL 327 MEK 29.6  8.8 Yes 38.3  9.3 Yes 34 Ro 31-8220 Broad 145.2  9.1 No 112  14.7 No mesylate Spectru m Inhibitor 35# Aminopurvalanol A CDK 2.8  1.7 Yes 34  1.8 Yes 36# API-2 PKB 105.1  2.1 No 107.8  2.6 No 37 GW 441756 TrkA 107  4.9 No 139.2  1.6 No 38 GW 583340 EGFR 103.7  5.7 No 95.1  6.7 No dihydrochloride 39 Ro 08-2750 TrkA 249.1  18.3 No 278.2  23.4 No 40 TBB CK2 8.8  5.3 Yes 128.1  8.5 No 41 1,2,3,4,5,6- JAK2 106.7  8.8 No 102  7.7 No Hexabromocyclohe xane 42 HA 1100 ROCK 15.3  7.3 Yes 118.2  12.8 No hydrochloride 43 BIBX 1382 EGFR 11.1  9.4 Yes 93.7  9 No dihydrochloride 44 CGP 53353 PKC 33  3 Yes 100  2 No 45 Arcyriaflavin A CDK 2.7  1.5 Yes 126.3  14.9 No 46 ZM 447439 Aurora 55.5  11.2 Yes 107.2  12 No 47# ER 27319 maleate Syk Toxic NA Toxic NA 48 ZM 323881 VEGFR 97.9  4.4 No 99  9.1 No hydrochloride 49 ZM 306416 VEGFR 92.1  2.2 No 93.2  2.9 No hydrochloride 50# IKK 16 IKK Toxic NA Toxic NA 51 Ki 8751 VEGFR 105.2  4 No 100.4  6.7 No 52 10-DEBC PKB 100.1  8.7 No 64.3  8.1 Yes hydrochloride 53 TPCA-1 IKK 100  8.5 No 108.8  4.7 No 54 SB 218078 Chk1 102.8  7.3 No 71.7  7.3 No 55 TCS 359 FLT3 106.6  3.2 No 103  4.5 No 56# PD 198306 MEK 144  9.9 No 98.4  8.3 No 57# Ryuvidine CDK 22.3  6.5 Yes 101.6  4.2 No 58# IMD 0354 IKK 104  3.7 No 103  9.9 No 59# CGK 733 ATR/AT 99.6  9 No 103.6  7.3 No M 60# PHA 665752 cMET * NA * NA 61# PD 407824 Chk1 99.3  2.6 No 97.4  9.8 No 62 LY 364947 TGFbR1 94  1.3 No 94.4  5.6 No 63 CGP 57380 Mnk1 136.6  12.4 No 99.1  5.2 No 64 PQ 401 IGF-1R 154.7  12.9 No 90.5  4.9 No 65 PI 828 PI3K 73.2  1.1 No 103.2  9 No 66 NU 7026 DNA-PK 96.7  6.3 No 102.2  5.2 No 67 D 4476 CK1 95.9  8.8 No 93.1  7.3 No 68 EO 1428 p38 45.3  8.8 Yes 53.7  8.1 Yes MAPK 69 H 89 PKA 102  5.3 No 107.5  3.1 No dihydrochloride 70 FPA 124 PKB Toxic NA Toxic NA 71 GW 843682X PLK 97  3.4 No 99.4  2 No 72 Iressa EGFR 106.1  2 No 108.3  11.7 No 73 SU 5416 VEGFR 103.4  1.7 No 92.1  7.5 No 74 1-Naphthyl PP1 Src 98.2  5.5 No 89.6  13.6 No 75 Dorsomorphin AMPK Toxic NA Toxic NA dihydrochloride 76 BIO GSK-3 43.2  3.7 Yes 57.8  7.7 Yes 77 SD 208 TGFbR1 100  3.2 No 100  2.3 No 78 Compound 401 DNA-PK 103.4  4.4 No 105.5  8.9 No 79 BI 78D3 JNK 1.9  1.2 Yes 97.5  7.2 No 80 SC 514 IKK Toxic NA Toxic NA # 1 M inhibitor (all others were 10 M). * cMET inhibitor PHA 665752 induced large accumulation of fluorescent lysosomal-like structures precluding analysis of stress granule formation.</p><p>Toxic: some inhibitors were toxic to cells even at 1 M, precluding stress granule assessment.</p><p>Underlined indicates decreased TDP-43 positive stress granules with no decrease in HuR-positive stress granules.</p>