The Master Plan and Feasibility Study on the Establishment of an ASEAN RO-RO Shipping Network and Short Sea Shipping FINAL REPORT: Volume 1 Exchange rates used in the report US$ 1.00 = JPY 81.48 EURO 1.00 = JPY 106.9 = US$ 1.3120 BN$ 1.00 = JPY 64.05 = US$ 0.7861 IDR 1.00 = JPY 0.008889 = US$ 0.0001091 MR 1.00 = JPY 26.55 = US$ 0.3258 PhP 1.00 = JPY 1.910 = US$ 0.02344 THB 1.00 = JPY 2.630 = US$ 0.03228 (as of 20 April, 2012) The Master Plan and Feasibility Study on the Establishment of an ASEAN RO-RO Shipping Network and Short Sea Shipping FINAL REPORT: Volume 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume 1 – Literature Review and Field Surveys Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... iii List of Tables .......................................................................................................................................... vii List of Figures ......................................................................................................................................... xii Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................................ xvii 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.1 Scope of the Study ................................................................................................................ 1-1 1.2 Overall Progress of the Study ............................................................................................... 1-5 1.3 Study Organization .............................................................................................................. 1-11 PART I LITERATURE REVIEW 2 INTERNATIONAL RO-RO SHIPPING PRACTICES ...................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Objectives and Methodology ................................................................................................. 2-1 2.2 International RO-RO Shipping in North East Asia ................................................................ 2-1 2.3 Practice of ROPAX Shipping Service between Japan and Korea ........................................ 2-9 2.4 RO-RO Shipping in Europe ................................................................................................. 2-21 2.5 Practice of RO-RO Shipping in EU ..................................................................................... 2-26 2.6 Practice of RO-RO Terminal Facilities in EU ...................................................................... 2-35 2.7 Implications ......................................................................................................................... 2-38 3 DOMESTIC RO-RO SHIPPING PRACTICES ................................................................................ 3-1 3.1 Japan ..................................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Philippines ............................................................................................................................. 3-8 3.3 Indonesia ............................................................................................................................. 3-19 3.4 Implications to ASEAN RO-RO Shipping Development ...................................................... 3-30 4 LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK .............................................................................. 4-1 4.1 Necessary Arrangement to Ensure Seamless RO-RO Shipping Service ............................. 4-1 4.2 International Conventions Governing RO-RO Shipping ....................................................... 4-3 4.3 ASEAN Cooperation ........................................................................................................... 4-12 4.4 Subregional Efforts within ASEAN ...................................................................................... 4-27 iii The Master Plan and Feasibility Study on the Establishment of an ASEAN RO-RO Shipping Network and Short Sea Shipping FINAL REPORT: Volume 1 PART II FIELD SURVEYS 5 THE NORTHERN MALACCA STRAIT CROSSINGS AMONG INDONESIA, MALAYSIA, AND THAILAND ........................................................................................................ 5-1 5.1 Economy and Trade .............................................................................................................. 5-1 5.2 Corridor-wide Traffic .............................................................................................................. 5-8 5.3 Port Operation and Infrastructure ........................................................................................ 5-13 5.4 Shipping Routes .................................................................................................................. 5-24 5.5 CIQS Services ..................................................................................................................... 5-27 5.6 Stakeholders’ Views ............................................................................................................ 5-31 6 THE SOUTHERN MALACCA STRAIT CROSSING BETWEEN INDONESIA AND MALAYSIA ...................................................................................................................................... 6-1 6.1 Economy and Trade .............................................................................................................. 6-1 6.2 Corridor-wide Traffic .............................................................................................................. 6-6 6.3 Port Operation and Infrastructure .......................................................................................... 6-9 6.4 Shipping Routes .................................................................................................................. 6-16 6.5 CIQS Services ..................................................................................................................... 6-18 6.6 Stakeholders’ Views ............................................................................................................ 6-21 7 THE SULU SEA CROSSINGS AMONG BRUNEI DARUSSALAM, MALAYSIA, AND PHILIPPINES .................................................................................................................................. 7-1 7.1 Economy and Trade .............................................................................................................. 7-1 7.2 Corridor-wide Traffic ............................................................................................................ 7-15 7.3 Port Operation and Infrastructure ........................................................................................ 7-18 7.4 Shipping Routes .................................................................................................................. 7-30 7.5 CIQS Services ..................................................................................................................... 7-34 7.6 Stakeholders’ Views ............................................................................................................ 7-38 8 THE PHILIPPINE SEA CROSSING BETWEEN INDONESIA AND PHILIPPINES ....................... 8-1 8.1 Economy and Trade .............................................................................................................. 8-1 8.2 Corridor-wide Traffic ............................................................................................................ 8-11 8.3 Port Operation and Infrastructure ........................................................................................ 8-14 8.4 Shipping Route .................................................................................................................... 8-25 8.5 CIQS .................................................................................................................................... 8-28 8.6 Stakeholders’ Views ............................................................................................................ 8-31 9 THE BORNEO EAST-WEST SEA CROSSING BETWEEN INDONESIA AND MALAYSIA ........ 9-1 9.1 Economy and Trade .............................................................................................................. 9-1 9.2 Corridor-wide Traffic ............................................................................................................ 9-14 iv The Master Plan and Feasibility Study on the Establishment of an ASEAN RO-RO Shipping Network and Short Sea Shipping FINAL REPORT: Volume 1 9.3 Port Operation and Infrastructure ........................................................................................ 9-18 9.4 Shipping Route .................................................................................................................... 9-31 9.5 CIQS .................................................................................................................................... 9-36 9.6 Stakeholders’ Views ............................................................................................................ 9-41 10 COUNTRY SURVEYS................................................................................................................... 10-1 10.1 Survey Methodology and Scope ........................................................................................