Wilfrid Laurier University Scholars Commons @ Laurier GreyPlace 1990 Pioneers of Modern Geography: Translations Pertaining to German Geographers of the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries Robert C. West Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.wlu.ca/grey Part of the Earth Sciences Commons, and the Human Geography Commons Recommended Citation West, Robert C. (1990). Pioneers of Modern Geography: Translations Pertaining to German Geographers of the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries. Baton Rouge: Department of Geography & Anthropology, Louisiana State University. Geoscience and Man, Volume 28. This Book is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in GreyPlace by an authorized administrator of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Pioneers of Modern Geography Translations Pertaining to German Geographers of the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries Translated and Edited by Robert C. West GEOSCIENCE AND MAN-VOLUME 28-1990 LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY s 62 P5213 iiiiiiiii 10438105 DATE DUE GEOSCIENCE AND MAN Volume 28 PIONEERS OF MODERN GEOGRAPHY Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 https://archive.org/details/pioneersofmodern28west GEOSCIENCE & MAN SYMPOSIA, MONOGRAPHS, AND COLLECTIONS OF PAPERS IN GEOGRAPHY, ANTHROPOLOGY AND GEOLOGY PUBLISHED BY GEOSCIENCE PUBLICATIONS DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ANTHROPOLOGY LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY VOLUME 28 PIONEERS OF MODERN GEOGRAPHY TRANSLATIONS PERTAINING TO GERMAN GEOGRAPHERS OF THE LATE NINETEENTH AND EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURIES Translated and Edited by Robert C. West BATON ROUGE 1990 Property of the LfhraTy Wilfrid Laurier University The Geoscience and Man series is published and distributed by Geoscience Publications, Department of Geography & Anthropology, Louisiana State University. Editor: Kam-biu Liu. Geoscience Publications Committee: chair, Miles Richardson, professor of anthropology; Kam-biu Liu, associate professor of geography; Barun Sen Gupta, professor of geology; M. Jill Brody, associate professor of anthropology; William V. Davidson, associate professor of geography; and ex officio, Carville Earle, chairman of the Department of Geography & Anthropology. Managing editor: Esther Wilcox. Art Director: Mary Lee Eggart, Research Associate. Consulting Editor: Ruth Hubert. For price list of volumes in print, write Geoscience Publications, Department of Geography & Anthropology, Louisiana State University, P. O. Box 16010, Baton Rouge, LA 70893-6010. © Copyright 1990 Department of Geography & Anthropology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70893-6010. All rights reserved. GEOSCIENCE AND MAN VOLUME 28 Library of Congress Catalogue Card Number 90-81472 ISBN No. 0-938909-52-0 COVER: Mary Lee Eggart CONTENTS List of Figures vii Preface and Acknowledgments viii Introduction 1 1. August Meitzen (1822-1910) Introductory Statement Robert C. West 5 Partial Bibliography of August Meitzen 9 Table of Contents of Meitzen’s Siedelung und Agrarwesen 11 Review of Meitzen’s Siedelung und Agrarwesen A. Kirchhoff (1896) 12 The Forms of Rural Settlement (After A. Meitzen) Otto Schliiter (1900) 14 2. Eduard Hahn (1856-1928) Introductory Statement Robert C. West 27 Bibliography of Eduard Hahn, 1887-1934 28 Eduard Hahn [An Obituary] Th. H. Engelbrecht (1928) 31 Eduard Hahn [An Obituary] Walther Vogel (1928) 33 The Economic Forms of the Earth Eduard Hahn (1892) 35 Selections from Domesticated Animals and Their Relation to Human Economy (1896) 1 . Table of contents 41 2. Preface to Hahn’s Die Haustiere 42 3. Chapter on “Das Pferd“ [The Horse] 44 Animal Domesticates and the Forms of Human Economy (After Eduard Hahn) Alfred Hettner (1897) 55 3. Otto Schliiter (1872-1959) Introductory Statement Robert C. West 61 (continued) CONTENTS (continued) (Otto Schliiter continued) Works of Otto Schliiter 62 Life History of Otto Schliiter, Full Professor of Geography [An Autobiography] Otto Schliiter (1952) 68 Otto Schliiter’s Significance for Geographical Science Rudolf Kaubler ( 1964) 70 4. Alfred Hettner (1859-1941) Introductory Statement Robert C. West 77 Bibliography of Alfred Hettner 79 Foreword and Table of Contents of Geography, Its History, Nature and Methods (1927) Alfred Hettner 86 Alfred Hettner [A Biography] H. Schmitthenner (1941) 89 5. Siegfried Passarge (1866-1958) Introductory Statement Robert C. West 107 Bibliography of Siegfried Passarge 108 Introduction to Comparative Study of Landscape Regions Siegfried Passarge 119 Table of Contents of Comparative Study of Landscape Regions Siegfried Passarge 121 Siegfried Passarge’s Thoughts on Geography Helmut Kanter (1960) 124 6. Karl Sapper (1866-1945) Introductory Statement Robert C. West 133 Bibliography of Karl Sapper 134 Karl Theodor Sapper, 1866-1945. Life and Works of a German Geographer and Geologist Franz Termer (1966) 154 LIST OF FIGURES AUGUST MEITZEN Fig. 1. Meitzen’s map showing approximate distribution of Germanic traditional house types in Europe, taken from his 1882 article, “Das deutsche Haus in seinen volksthiimlichen Formen,” Verhandlungen des 1. Deu.tsch.en Geographentages zu Berlin (frontispiece of volume) 6 Fig. 2. Examples from Meitzen’s 1882 article on Germanic house types 7 Fig. 3 (1-5). Rural settlement forms around the 12th and 13th centuries, discussed in Schltiter’s article (1900) on Meitzen’s research 15 Fig. 4. Distribution of rural settlement types in central and western Europe around the 12th and 13th centuries, according to Meitzen in Siedelung und Agrarwesen, 1895 18 EDUARD HAHN Fig. 5. Hahn’s economic forms of the earth, 1892 36 SIEGFRIED PASSARGE Fig. 6. Passarge’s Landschaftsgiirtel (landscape belts), the largest class in his heirarchy of landscape types, 1921 128 KARL SAPPER Fig. 7. Sapper’s early trips, 1889-1891 156 Fig. 8. Sapper’s vulcanological trips, 1892-1897 161 Fig. 9. Sapper’s field trips under auspices of the Geological Survey of Mexico, 1893-1894 164 Fig. 10. Sapper’s trip into British Honduras (Belize), 1896, under auspices of the British colonial government 172 Fig. 11. Sapper’s trips in Honduras and Nicaragua, 1898, 1899, and 1900. 176 Fig. 12. Sapper’s trips into Costa Rica and Panama, 1899 179 vii Preface These translations were undertaken to aid students Robert Dickinson are valuable sources. More- in their study of the history of geography. over, the series Geographers: Biobibliographical Today, with the general relaxation of foreign Studies, previously edited by T. W. Freeman in language requirements in graduate programs, most England, now edited in the United States by Ge- students and even instructors of geography lack a offrey J. Martin, sketches the life and concepts of reading knowledge of German. During the late many world geographers, including Germans. But nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, important few English translations of German geographical geographical concepts were formulated by German monographs or key journal articles have been made. scholars, and their writings are significant for an In translating the following works and cri- understanding of the development of the discipline tiques, an effort was made to stay as close as during that period and beyond. The same may possible to the authors’ thoughts and meanings. be said for the work of French geographers For improved clarity, explanatory English words in of that time. To be sure, various works in brackets occasionally were placed within a sentence English on German geography by Americans where deemed necessary. Moreover, the style of such as Richard Hartshome, Carl Sauer and the citations and references has been retained as Preston James and by British scholars such as the authors wrote them. Acknowledgments The editor gratefully acknowledges the thoughtful The production and publication of this volume critiques made by the following reviewers who read is supported by the Louisiana State University De- through the initial typescript: Dr. Gary S. Dunbar, partment of Geography and Anthropology through professor emeritus of geography, University of Cal- Geoscience Publications. ifornia at Los Angeles; Dr. Terry G. Jordan, Webb For technical assistance the translator and ed- Professor, Department of Geography, University of itor is indebted to Clifford P. Duplechin, senior Texas at Austin; Dr. Geoffrey J. Martin, professor cartographer, Mary Lee Eggart, artist/research asso- of geography, Southern Connecticut University, ciate, and Maudrie Eldridge and Emily Lee, word New Haven. processors. viii Introduction Robert C. West Boyd Professor Emeritus Department of Geography and Anthropology Louisiana State University This collection of English translations samples the estates and land reform by the Prussian Statistical writings and/or critiques thereon of six impor- Bureau during the 1860s, he became fascinated tant German geographers of the late nineteenth with the forms, functions and history of rural and early twentieth centuries: those of August settlements, field patterns and farm buildings in Meitzen, Eduard Hahn, Otto Schliiter, Alfred Hett- Germany and in all of Europe, an interest that ner, Siegfried Passarge, and Karl Sapper. Each of culminated in his three-volume work, Siedelung these scholars influenced in various ways the course und Agrarwesen [Settlement and Agricultural Life- of modem geographical thinking and instruction in ways], published in 1895. Initially highly praised, German universities, and their methodologies were Meitzen’s opus was