Palestine Polytechnic University College of Engineering and Technology Civil & Architecture Engineering Department Project Title Evaluation and Design of Infrastructure in the Palestinian Camps Case study: AL-Arroub Camp Project Team ANAS OWEIW IBRAHIM AL-TWAYHA MOHAMMED QUTTENEH RAMI DANDIS TARIQ AL-SADI Project Supervisor Eng. Samah Al-Jabari Hebron – Palestine June-2012 CERTIFICATION Palestine Polytechnic University (PPU) Hebron – Palestine The Project Entitled: EVALUATION OF CAMPS IN WEST BANK AND DESIGN OF INFRASTRUCURE FOR "AL-ARROUB CAMP AS CASE STUDY" BY ANAS OWEIW IBRAHIM AL-TWAYHA MOHAMMED QUTTENEH RAMI DANDIS TARIQ AL-SADI In accordance with the recommendations of the project supervisor, and the acceptance of all examining committee members, this project has been submitted to the Department of Civil and Architecture Engineering in the college of Engineering and Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the department for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Engineering. Project Supervisor Department Chairman June – 2012 ii اھﺪاء ﻣﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﺒﺸﺮﯾﺔ وﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻧﺒﯿﻨﺎ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ( ﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ وﺳﻠﻢ) إﻟـــﻰ..... ﯾﻨﺎﺑﯿﻊ اﻟﻌﻄﺎء اﻟﺬﯾﻦ زرﻋﻮا ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﻮﺳﻨﺎ اﻟﻄﻤﻮح واﻟﻤﺜﺎﺑﺮ...... آﺑﺎﺋﻨﺎ اﻷﻋﺰاء إﻟــــﻰ.... اﻧﮭﺎر اﻟﻤﺤﺒﮫ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻨﻀﺐ..........أﻣﮭﺎﺗﻨﺎ اﻻﺣﺒﮫ إﻟـــــﻰ.... ﻣﻦ ﯾﺤﻤﻠﻮن ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﻮﺳﮭﻢ ذﻛﺮﯾﺎت اﻟﻄﻔﻮﻟﺔ واﻟﺸﺒﺎب.... اﺧﻮﺗﻨﺎ واﺧﻮاﺗﻨﺎ إﻟـــــﻰ.... ﻛﺎﻓﺔ اﻷھﻞ واﻷﺻﺪﻗﺎء إﻟــــﻰ.... ﻣﻦ ﻣﮭﺪوا ﻟﻨﺎ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ واﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﮫ.......اﺳﺎﺗﺬﺗﻨﺎ اﻻﻓﺎﺿﻞ إﻟــــﻰ.... ﻣﻦ ﺿﺤﻮا ﺑﺤﺮﯾﺘﮭﻢ ﻣﻦ اﺟﻞ ﺣﺮﯾﺘﻨﺎ....... اﺳﺮاﻧﺎ اﻟﺒﻮاﺳﻞ إﻟــــﻰ.... ﻣﻦ وﺻﻠﺖ راﺋﺤﺔ دﻣﺎﺋﮭﻢ اﻟﺰﻛﯿﮫ اﻟﻰ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء اﻟﻨﺪﯾﮫ .......ﺷﮭﺪاؤﻧﺎ اﻻﺑﺮار ﻓﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ iii ACKNOWLEDGMENT We would like to thank and gratitude to Allah, the most merciful who granted us the ability and willing to start the project. We thank Palestine Polytechnic University, Department of civil and architecturalengineering and local public committee in each camp. This project would not have been possible without the assistance of many individual. We are grateful to these people, who volunteered their time and volunteered their time and advice, Specially Eng. Samah AL-JAbari, and all of who help us to finish this project. Finally, our deep sense and sincere thanks to our parents, brothers and sisters for all patience, and for their endless support and encouragement. This graduation project has been supported by the deanship of graduate studies and scientific research through “Distinguished Graduation Project Fund” iv ABSTRACT Evaluation and Design of Infrastructure in the Palestinian Camp Case Study: AL-Arroub Camp Project Team ANAS OWEIW IBRAHIM AL-TWAYHA MOHAMMED QUTTENEH RAMI DANDIS TARIQ AL-SADI Project Supervisor Eng. Samah Al-Jabari After 1948 the Palestinians start a new stage of their life, About half of them immigrate to West Bank, Gaza Strip and all over the world to live in temporary Camp. UNRWA "United Nation Relief and Work Agency" is the organization which works on rehousing the refugees and looking after their needs. 25% of the Palestinian refugees live in West Bank distributed on 19 camps from Jenin in the north to Al-Fawwar in the south they live in bad conditions, high population density, environmental problems and absence of physical infrastructure. In the present study an evaluation of the Palestinian camps is to be done through studying the environmental, cultural, economic, social and infrastructure characteristics of three camps Jenin in the north, Qalndia in the middle and AL- Arroub in the south, then choose the worst one to design and /or redesign the basic parts of the physical infrastructure. Project team concern with AL-Arroub camp as the worst camp, it’s located in south of WestCamp, 11 KM north of Hebron and It has an area 242 donums, its population is about 10444 in 2007 with 328 person/hac as population density. The most important part of physical infrastructure will be designed for this camp which are: wastewater v collection system, storm water drainage system and roads redesign. These parts of infrastructure reduce the environmental problems in the camp and make the life of the refugees better. The results of the present study show that the Palestinian camps face an environmental problem caused by absence of physical infrastructure. vi TABLE OF CONTENT Title …………………………………………………………………... vii Certification …………………………………….……………………. vii Dedication ……………………………………….………………...…vii Acknowledgement …………………………………………………. viiv Abstract ………………………………………………………….…....v Table of content ………………………………...…………….…........vii List of Tables ………………………………………………………... Xiii List of Figures …………………………………...……………….…..XV CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTOIN 1.1 General …………….……………………………………….………………....2 1.1.1 Distribution of Camps in West Bank ……………………………...…….3 1.1.2 Assets of residents of camps .......................................................... 5 1.2 Problem Definition …………………………………………………….…. 5 1.3 The Objectives and Goals ……………………………………………...... 6 1.4 Previous Study …………………………………………………….…….....7 1.5 Methodology ………………………………………………….…... 9 1.5.1 First Phase …………………………………………...……………….9 1.5.2 Second Phase………………….…………………………………..….10 1.5.3 Third Phase...……………………………………………………...….10 1.5.4 Fourth Phase …………………………………………………...….…10 1.6 Organization of Study ………………………………………..….... 10 vii CHAPTER 2 : CAMPS EVALUATION 2.1 General ……………….……………………………………………………...13 A.2.2 General Information "Jenin" …………………………………... 14 A.2.2.1 Geographic Location ..........................................................…..14 A.2.2.2 History of the Camp …………………………………….…….....15 A.2.2.3 Area at Present …………………………………………..…..…...15 A.2.3 Demographic Information "Jenin"……………………..……….…....16 A.2.3.1 Population ….. ……. …………………………………….…..…….16 A.2.3.2 Education. ….. ……. ………………………………….……..…….16 A.2.3.3 Health Status .……. ………………………………….……..……..17 A.2.3.4 Residential Condition .……………………………….….…...…….17 A.2.3.5 Economic Condition ………………………………….…..………...19 A.2.4 Infrastructure Services "Jenin" ………………………...…….……....20 A.2.4.1 Municipal Services .. ………………………………….……..….….20 A.2.4.2 Organization Programs and Activities ..………………...…………..21 B.2.2 General information "Qalandia" ………..……………….……..…... 24 B.2.2.1 Geographic Location ……………………………………...……….24 B.2.2.2 History of The Camp ……………………………………...….…….24 B.2.2.3 Area at Present ……. ……………………………………..……..….25 B.2.3 Demographic Information "Qalandia"…………………….….……...26 B.2.3.1 Population ….. ……. ……………………………………….…...….26 B.2.3.2 Education..….. ……. ……………………………………….…...….26 B.2.3.3 Health Status . ……. ………………………………………….…….27 B.2.3.4 Residential Condition .………………………………….…….…….27 viii B.2.3.5 Economic Condition ……………………………………..……..28 B.2.4 Infrastructure Services "Qalandia" …………….......…....………...28 B.2.4.1 Municipal Services ...……………………....………….….........28 B.2.4.2 Organization Programs and Activities ..……….……………....29 C.2.2 General information "AL-Arroub".……………………..........…... 32 C.2.2.1 Geographic Location ……………………………………..…... 32 C.2.2.2 History of The Camp ………………………………………...... 32 C.2.2.3 Area at Present ……. ……………………………………….......33 C.2.3 Demographic Information "AL-Arroub"………...…………......... 34 C.2.3.1 Population …..…….…………………………..………...…...... 34 C.2.3.2 Education ..….…….…………………………………......……. 35 C.2.3.3 Health Status .…….……………………...……………...….…. 36 C.2.3.4 Residential Condition .……….………………………….…….. 36 C.2.3.5 Economic Condition ………………………….…………....….. 38 C.2.4 Infrastructure Services "AL-Arroub" ...…………………..…........ 38 C.2.4.1 Municipal Services ...…………………………………...…..…. 38 C.2.4.2 Organization Programs and Activities ..………………........… 40 CHPTER 3 : CHRACTERISTICS OF THE PROJECT AREA 3.1 General ………………………………………........…………………….... 46 3.2 Project Area ……………………………………......……………….…… 46 3.3 Metrological Data ………………………….....……...………….……... 47 3.3.1 Rainfall ………………………………………........……………… 48 3.3.1 Temperature ……..……………………..………………………… 48 ix 3.3.1 Relative Humidity …...…………………………………….……. 48 3.3.1 Wind ………………....………………………..…………………. 49 3.4 Population …………………………………………………….…………. 50 3.4.1 Population Projection ...………………………………………… 50 3.4.2 Population Forecast for AL-Arroub Camp ……….……….……50 3.5 Water Consumption ………………………………………..………….. 51 3.5.1 Introduction .. ………………………………………….……….. 51 3.5.2 Forecast Water Consumption …………………………………… 52 3.6 Waste Water Quantity ...……………………………………..………... 52 3.7 Storm Water ……………………………………………….……………. 54 3.8 Roads Status ……………………………………………….……………. 56 CHPTER 4 : DESING PARAMETER 4.1 Wastewater Collection System Design ………………..….……….. 58 4.1.1 General …………….....………….……………………..………. 58 4.1.2 Municipal Sewerage System ………………………………...…. 58 4.1.3 Types Of Wastewater Collection.…………………..…………... 59 4.1.4 Sewer Appurtenances …….…………………………………….. 60 4.1.5 Design Parameters ………..………………………………….…. 61 4.2 Storm Drainage System Design ………………....…………............. 64 4.2.1 General ………………….…………………...………………….. 64 4.2.2 Storm Water Runoff ……..………………….………………….. 64 4.2.3 Hydraulic Consideration ….…………………………………...... 69 4.2.4 Storm Water Sewers Design …………………………………….. 72 x 4.3 Roadways and Geometric Design ……………..………….………….……… 80 A.4.3 Traversing ……….………..…………………….………………….. 80 A.4.3.1 General ………………….……………………..………………….80 A.4.3.2 Types of Traverse …………………………….………………….. 81 A.4.3.3 Accuracy Standards for Traverse...…………....…………………. 83 A.4.3.4 Adjustment of Traverse using "Least square method" ………..… 84 B.4.3 Geometric Design Elements ……………………………………..…87 B.4.3.1 Horizontal Alignment of Roadways ...……………..….………… 87 B.4.3.2 Vertical Alignment of Roadways …………………………………93 B.4.3.3 Cross Section Elements of Roadways ......................................…...97