+U7g Tyf Joj:Yfkg ;J If0f K Ltj Bg

jg:klt ljefusf] ;+u7g tyf Joj:yfkg ;j]{If0f k|ltj]bg @)&! r}q g]kfn ;/sf/ jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno l;+xb/af/ k|fSsyg g]kfnsf] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ljsf;sf] nflu dxTjk"0f{ ;fwgsf] ?kdf /x]sf] jg:klt ;| f]t÷h8La'6L ;|f]t hghLljsfsf] k|d'v cfwf/:tDesf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . jg:klt ;|f]tsf]] ;+/If0f, ;Dj ¢{g / lbuf] pkof]un] g]kfnsf] ul/aL Go"gLs/0fdf 6]jf k'Ug uPsf] 5 . /fli6«o ljsf;sf] cfwf/sf] ?kdf /x]sf] jg:klt >f]t÷h8La'6L ;|f]tsf] rf]/L t:s/L, cltqmd0f, cToflws bf]xgsf ;fy} hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf gsf/fTds c;/ h:tf ljleGg lsl;dsf c;xh kl/l:yltsf] ;fdgf ug'{ k/]sf] jt{dfg kl/k]|Ifdf jg:klt ljefusf] ljBdfg ;+u7g ;+/rgfdf cfjZos ;'wf/ u/L ;d;fdlos agfpg' kg]{ / ;f] sf] dfWodaf6 jg:klt k|hfltx?sf] clen]vLs/0f, ;+/If0f, ;Dj4{g / ljsf;sf ;fy} jg:klt tyf h8Lj'6L ;Dkbfsf] ;b'kof]u dfkm{t :yfgLo :t/df /f]huf/L ;[hgf u/L jg ;Dkbfdfly cfl>t hg;d'bfosf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ ug'{sf ;fy} jg / jg:klt If]qdf ;'zf;g sfod u/fpg'kg]{ cfjZostf ;d]t af]w u/L g]kfn ;/sf/ -;lrj:t/_ sf] ldlt @)&! . . sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ jg:klt ljefusf] ;+u7g tyf Joj:yfkg ;e]{If0f u/L k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ sfo{bn u7g ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{bnn] ljutdf tof/ ePsf] ;+u7g tyf Joj:yfkg ;j]{If0f k|ltj]bgnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL To;af6 l;h{gf ePsf] ;+u7g ;+/rgfaf6 sfo{If]qdf k/]sf sl7gfO{x? s]nfpFb} ljBdfg ; +/rgfnfO{ pko'Qm cfwf/df Nofpg] k|of; u/]sf] 5 . jg:klt ;|f]t cWoog cg';Gwfg, ;+/If0f / ;b'kof]usf] If]qdf lj:tf/ x'Fb} uPsf] sfo{If]q, cGt//fli6«o d~rdf JoQm ePsf k|lta4tfx? nfO{ sfo{?kdf ptfg{ cfjZos kg]{ ;+/rgf / hgzlQmnfO{ Wofg lb+b} k|:t't k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . sfo{bnn] k|:t't k|ltj]bg tof/ kfg{ ;xeflutf d'ns ljlw cjnDjg u/L jg:klt ljefusf dxfzfvf k|d'vx?, s]lGb|o sfof{nosf k|d'v, zfvf k|d'v, ljefudf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx? / cGt/utsf sfof{nox?, jg:klt lj1x? / ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu Jofks cGtlqmof u/L of] k|ltj]bg o; ?kdf k|:t't ePsf] 5 . dfggLo jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqL >L dx]z cfrfo{Ho"af6 ;+u7g tyf Joj:yfkg ;j] {If0fsf] bf}/fgdf ;'emfj lbO{ pRr k|]/0ff lbg' ePsf]df sfo{bnsf] tkm{af6 xflb{s cfef/ JoQm ub{5f}+ . jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnosf >Ldfg\ ;lrj >L z/b rGb| kf}8]nHo"jf6 o; If]qnfO{ ;Ifd, Joj;foLs / cfzfjfbL jgfpgsf nflu lgb]{zg lbg'ePsf]n] xflb{s cfef/ JoQm ub{5f}+ . pkdxflgb]{zs, s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf k|d'vx?, zfvf k|d'vx? ;fy} ljefudf sfo{/t sd{rf/Laf6 k| fKt of]ubfgsf nflu xflb{s wGojfb JoQm ub}{ cy{ dGqfno / ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnoaf6 sfo{bndf /xg] k|ltlglwx?jf6 klg cd"No of]ubfg k|fKt ePsf] x'Fbf pxfFx? k|z+;fsf] kfq x'g'x'G5 . sfo{bn leq}klg lbks nfld5fg]n] ug'{ePsf] cys kl/>dsf] nflu pxfFnfO{ sfo{bnn] wGojfb lbG5 . wGojfb sfo{bn ljifo ;"rL efu ! !=! ! k[i7e"ld======!=@ sfo{bnsf] kl/ro ! ======!=# cWoogsf] cf}lrTo @ ======!=$ cWoog ljlw / # l;df======efu @ @=! jg:klt ljefusf] % k[i7e"dL======@=@ ljBdfg ;f+u7lgs * 9fFrf======@=# ljBdfg jg:klt ljefu / cGtu{t sfof{nox?sf] b/aGbL ljj/0f !) -@)&)_======@=$ ljBdfg ;+/rgf / b/aGbL ;DaGwL ;d:ofx? !@ ======efu # #=! sfo{qmdsf] !$ ljZn]if0f======#=@ sfo{af]em tyf sfo{k4ltsf] !( ljZn]if0f======#=# pknAw dfgj ;|f]tsf] cf+sng / ljlQo nfut @) ljZn]if0f======#=$ kl/jt{gsf] @! cf}lrTotf======efu $ $=! jg:klt ljefusf] k|:tfljt ;f+u7flgs 9fFrf @)&! @$ ======$=@ /fli6«o xa]{l/od tyf jg:klt pBfg s]Gb|sf] k|:tfljt ;f+u7flgs 9fFrf @)&! @& ======$=# lhNnf sfof{nox?sf] k|:tfljt ;f+u7flgs 9fFrf @)&! #! ======$=$ hl8a'6L tyf u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/ cg';Gwfg s]Gb|x?sf] k|:tfljt ;f+u7flgs 9fFrf ## @)&! ======$=% jg:klt pBfgx?sf] k|:tfljt ;f+u7flgs 9fFrf @)&! #^ ======$=^ jg:klt ljefusf] k|:tfljt ;+u7g, dxfzfvf tyf dftxtsf lgsfox?sf] #( sfo{ljj/0f======efu % %=! ;+u7g kl/jt{jf6 x'g] ck]lIft pknlJwx? ^) ======%=@ efjL ^# lbzf======cg';"rLx? ! jg:klt ljefusf] k|:tfljt ;f+u7flgs 9fFrf @)&! ^$ ======@ /fli6«o xa]{l/od tyf jg:klt pBfg s]Gb|sf] k|:tfljt ;f+u7flgs 9fFrf @)&! ^% ======# lhNnf sfof{nox?sf] k|:tfljt ;f+u7flgs 9fFrf @)&! ^^ ======$ hl8a'6L tyf u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/ cg';Gwfg s]Gb|x?sf] k|:tfljt ;f+u7flgs 9fFrf @)&! ^& ======% jg:klt pBfgx?sf] k|:tfljt ;f+u7flgs 9fFrf @)&! ^* ======^ @$3! ;dfof]hgsf] qmddf yk tyf vf/]h ePsf b/jGbL ^( ljj/0f======& dxfzfvf, zfvf tyf OsfOx?sf] &) sfo{ljj/0fsf] ;"rsf+s======* jg:klt ljefusf] k|:tfljt b/jGbL *$ t]l/h======( /fli6«o xa]{l/od tyf jg:klt pBfg s]Gb|sf] b/jGbL t]l/h *^ ======!) lhNnf sfof{nox?sf] k|:tfljt b/jGbL t]l/h ** ======!! hl8a'6L tyf u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/ cg';Gwfg s]Gb|x?sf] k|:tfljt b/jGbL *( t]l/h======!@ jg:klt ljefusf] Psd[i6 k|:tfljt b/jGbL t]l/h () ======!# jg:klt ljefu / cGt/ut sfof{nodf b}lgs Hofnfbf/Ldf sfo{/t dfgj ;| (@ f]t======!$ jg:klt ljefu / cGt/ut ;]jf s/f/df sfo{/t dfgj ;| (# f]t======!% jg:klt ljefusf] k|:tfljt s6f}tL b/jGbL t]l/h ($ ======!^ sfo{ ljj/0f kmf/fdsf] (% bfFrf======!& hl8j'6L lgof{tsf] (^ cj:yf======!* ;+/lIft jg:kltx?sf] ;"rL (& ======!( /fli6«o jg:klt pBfg k|j]z (* z'Ns======@) jg:klt ljefuaf6 ;+slnt /fhZj ljj/0f cf=a= @)&).&! (( ======@! /fli6«o xaf]{l/od tyf jg:klt k|of]uzfnf4f/f k|bfg ul/g] ;]jf ;DalGw k|bfg ul/g] !)) ljj/0f======@@ gful/s j8fkq – k|s[lts ;Dkbf !)@ cg';Gwfgzfnf======@# jg tyf e" ;+/If0f dGqfno cGt/utaf6 pTkflbt lj?jfx?sf] ljlqm b/ !)$ ======@$ jg:klt ;|f]tsf] sfg"g lgdf{0fsf] ;}4flGts ;xdltsf] !)% kq======jg gLlt @)&! ======hl8a'6L Pjd u}x| sfi7 jg k}bfjf/ ljsf; gLlt @)^! ======/fli6«o cGt//fli6«o ;Demf}tfx? ======efu ! kl/rofTds v08 !=! k[i7e"ldM g]kfnsf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s ljsf;df jg:klt / h8Lj'6L If]qsf] dxTjk"0f{ :yfg /xL cfPs]f 5 . jg:klt ;|f]tsf]] ;+/If0f, ;Dj¢{g / lbuf] pkof]un] g]kfnsf] ul/aL Go"gLs/0fdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg'sf ;fy} /fli6««o / cGt/f{li6«o rf;f]sf] ?kdf /x]sf] h8Lj'6Ln] k|z:t cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs If]qdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'–ofpg ;Sb5 . o;/L /fi6«sf] ljsf;sf] dxTjk"0f{ cfwf/sf] ?kdf /x]sf] jg:klt tyf h8Lj'6L ;Dkbf dfly ljut bzs b]lv rf}tkmL{ ?kdf bafa l;h{gf x'Fb} cfPs]f 5 . a9\bf] hg;+Vof, cJojl:yt ;+sng tyf Jofkf/n] jg:kltsf] If]qdf cltqmd0f a9\b} uPsf] 5 . kmn:j?k jg:kltx? cfˆgf] jf;:yfgjf6 nf]k eO /fv]]sf 5g\ ;fy} ;+s6df k/]sf 5g\ . jg If]qsf] cltqmd0f, jg k}bfjf/sf] rf]/L lgsf;L, cj}w Jofkf/ tyf hnjfo" kl/jt{gn] jg:klt ; +/If0fdf ;d:of ylk+b} uPsf 5g\ . jg:klt ;+/If0f, ;Da¢{g / lbuf] pkof]usf If]qsf lo ljleGg ;d:of Pj+ r'gf}ltx?sf] ;fdgf ub}{ jg:kltx?sf] cWoog, cg';Gwfg, clen]lvs/0f, jg:klt ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f, hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] hf]lvdsf] Go"lgs/0f Pj+ cg's"ng;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug{ ljBdfg jg:klt ; +u7gsf] ;+/rgf kof{Kt b]lv+b}g . jg tyf e";+/If0f dGqfnosf] ;+u7g ;+/rgfsf] ;j{]If0f tyf cWoog @)&! df dGqfno cGt/utsf ljefu / dftxtsf lgsfox?sf] ;+u7g tyf Joa:yfkg ;e]{If0f ug]{ sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ pBd, Joj;flostfsf] a[l4 ub{} ;+u7g ;'wf/nfO{ ;'zf;gsf] cleGg c+u agfO{g] 5 egL pNn]v ePsf]5 . :jLs[t jg gLlt @)&! sfof{Gjogdf cfO;s]sf] / jg tyf e";+/If0f dGqfnosf] xfnsf] ;+u7g :j?knfO{ ;d]t Wofg lbb}+ jg:klt ljefusf] klg ;+u7g tyf Joj:yfkg ;j]{If0f, @)&! sf] cWoog ug'{ kg]{ cfjZostf ePsf] 5 . !=@ sfo{bnsf] kl/ro M jg:klt ljefun] ljBdfg ;+u7g ;+/rgfdf ;d;fdoLs ;'wf/sf] cfjZostf af]w u/L g]kfn ;/sf/, jg tyf e" ;+/If0f dGqfno -;lrj:t/_ sf] ldlt @)&! df3df ePsf] lg0f{o cg';f/ tkl;n adf]lhdsf] sfo{ bnsf] u7g ul/ $% lbg leq k|ltj]bg k]z6 ug{ lhDd]jf/L k|bfg ePsf] lyof] . sfo{bnsf sof} ldl6Ë >Ldfg\ ;lrjHo"sf] cWoIftfdf ;d]t a;L 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{bn u7g 1= ;+of]hs– >L ls/0f /fh zdf{, ;x ;lrj, jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno 2= ;b:o – >L od jxfb'/ yfkf, dxflgb]{zs, jg:klt ljefu 3= ;b:o – >L ;'idf pkfWofo,pk dxflgb]{zs, jg:klt ljefu 4= ;b:o – >L ;GhLj s'df/ /fO{,/f=k=k|= k|f=, jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno 5= ;b:o– >L s]bf/ kg]?,pk;lrj, cy{ dGqfno 6= ;b:o – >L tLy{ k|sfz kf}8]n,pk;lrj, ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno 7= ;b:o– >L lr/~hLjL zdf{, pk ;lrj, jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno 8= ;b:o– >L /d]z j:g]t pk ;lrj -k|f=_, jg:klt ljefu 9= ;b:o– >L lbks nfld5fg]] pk ;lrj -k|f=_, jg:klt ljefu 10= ;b:o ;lrj– >L hLjgrGb| /fO{, zfvf clws[t, jg tyf e" ;+/If0f dGqfno cfdGqLt ;b:ox? 1= >L lji0f' k|;fb ;'j]bL, zfvf clws[t ,jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno 2= >L /]g'sf lrqsf/, sDKo"6/ clws[t, jg tyf e" ;+/If0f dGqfno3= >L lji0f' k|;fb lg/f}nf, n]vf clws[t , jg:klt ljefu !=# cWoogsf] cf}lrTo M jg:klt ;|f]tsf] klxrfg, cWoog, cg';Gwfg, clen]lvs/0f ug]{ sfo{ :yfkgf sfn b]lv g} jg:klt ljefun] ub}{ cfO/x]sf]] 5 . jg tyf e" ;+/If0f dGqfnosf] ;+u7g tyf Joj:yfkg ;e]{If0f -O&M Survey_ k|ltj]bg @)&! g]kfn ;/sf/jf6 :jLs[t eO{ sfof{Gjogdf ;d]t cfO{ ;s]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/jf6 jg gLlt @)&! ;d]t :jLs[t ePsf] / pQm gLltsf] b"/b[li6, nIo, p2]Zo, gLlt, /0fgLlt tyf sfo{gLltx?n] jg:klt Pjd\ h8Lj'6Lsf gljgtd k|j[lt / If]qx?nfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5 . jg gLlt @)&! df jg, jg:klt / h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f cleofg cufl8 a9fpg @)&!–*) nfO{ “jg bzs” 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] 5 . " Ps 3/ Ps ?v, Ps ufp+ Ps h+un / Ps gu/ jx' pBfg" cGt{utsf] jg bzs sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjog sfo{ljlw, @)&! ldlt @)&!.&.!# df :jLs[lt eO{ sfo{fGjogdf cfPsf] 5 . pQm gLltn] h8La'6L / cGo u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/sf] ;+/If0f, pTkfbg / k|zf]wg, jg:kltsf] klxrfg / ;+s6df k/]sf jg:kltx?sf] cfg'j+lzs ;|f]tsf] :j:yfgLo / k/:yfgLo ?kdf ; +/If0f ug{ k|fyldstf lbPsf] 5 . jg:klt / h8La'6Lsf] ;d'lrt ;+/If0f, ;Dj4{g / ;b'kof]u ub}{ /f]huf/L] l;h{gf / cfo j[l4 u/L ljkGg ju{sf] hLljsf]kfh{gdf ;'wf/, jg:kltdf kg]{ hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf gsf/fTds k|efj Go"gLs/0f tyf cg's"ngsf pkfo cjnDjg ug{ cWoog cg';Gwfgdf hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . Joj;foLs/0f x'g ;Sg] h8La'6L Pj+ u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/ v]tLsf] k|ljlw ljsf; u/L jg If]q leq / aflx/ lj:tf/ ug]7 { sfo{gLlt o; gLltdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . jg:klt;+u ;DjlGwt :yfgLo P+j k/Dk/fut 1fg, ;Lk / k|ljlwsf] pkof]u ug]{ /0fgLlt jg gLltn] cjnDjg u/]sf]5 . jg:kltsf] ; +/If0f, ljsf; / Joj:yfkgsf nflu cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L k|ljlwsf] ljsf; tyf pkof]u ul/g] sfo{gLlt cjnDjg ug{ jg gLltn] ;'emfPsf] 5 . h8La'6L Pj+ u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/ v]tLdf lghL If]qnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{ cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L pko'St v]tL k|ljlwsf] ljsf; u/L x:tfGt/0f ug]{, h}ljs ;'/Iff / Jofkfl/s dxTjsf h8La'6LhGo jg:kltsf] u'0f:t/ ljZn]if0f, jg:klthGo :j:Yo (Phytosanitary), k|df0fLs/0f nufot Jofkf/ k|j4{gsf] nflu cfjZos k|of]uzfnfsf] :yfkgf / :t/f]Gglt ug'{ kg] { bfloTj :jLs[t jg gLlt @)&! Jff6 ;[hgf ePsf] 5 . g]kfn kIf /fi6« ePsf cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw ;Demf}tfdf g]kfnsf] k|lta4tf cg';f/sf sfo{ ug{sf nflu cfjZos gLlt, sfg"g / sfo{qmx? th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|ltjåtf pQm gLltn] lnPsf]5 . jg:klt ;|f]tsf] j}1flgs klxrfg, cWoog ,cg';Gwfg, ;j]{If0f tyf d"Nojfg jg:kltx? sf] v]tL tyf k|zf]wg k|ljlwsf] ljsf; ;fy} jg:klt pTkfbgsf] Jofkf/df ;xof]u tyf k| jå{g ;DjlGw sfo{x?sf] pknlJwx?nfO{ lgodg, Joj:yfkg tyf pkof]uL jgfpg g]kfn ;/sf/n] jg:klt ;|f]tsf] cg';Gwfg sfo{ljwL, @)&) :jLs[t u/L sfof{Gjogdf ;d]t cfO;s]sf] 5 . pQm sfo{ljlw cg';f/ jg:klt ljefu / lqe'jg ljZjljBfno ;fy} jg:klt ljefu / ;f]jf kmfdf{So"l6sN; o"lge{/l;6L hfkfg;+u ;Demf}tfkqdf x:tfIf/ eO ;s]sf] 5 . h}ljs ljljwtf /0fgLlt tyf sfo{of]hgf -@)!$–@)@)_ tof/ eO{ sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf] 5 . b'n{e jGohGt' tyf jg:ktLsf] cGt//fli6«o Jofkf/ lgoGq0f ug]{ ;DaGwL ljw]os th'{dfsf] ;}4flGts ;xdlt ldlt @)&!.(.# df dlGqkl/ifbaf6 k|fKt eO{ ljw]os th'{dfsf] sfo{ eO{ /x]sf] 5 . jg:klt ;|f]t ljw]ossf] th'{dfsf] ;}4flGts ;xdlt ldlt @)&!.*.& df dlGqkl/ifbaf6 k|fKt eO{ ljw]os th'{dfsf] sfo{ e}/x]sf] 5 . g]kfn h8La'6L Pj+ u}xsfi7 jg k}bfjf/ af]8{sf] :yfkgf ;DaGwL ljw]os lgdf{0f ug]{ ;DaGwdf tof/ u/LPsf] cjwf/0ff kq / gLltkq ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/ -df=dGqL:t/_ sf] ldlt @)&!.%.$ sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ;}4flGts ;xdltsf] nflu sfg"g, Gofo, ;+ljwfg;ef tyf ;+;bLo dfldnf dGqfnodf k7fOPsf] 5 . pNn]lvt ;Gbe{df jg:klt ljefusf] sfo{ If]q u'0ffTds / kl/df0ffTds ?kdf lj:tf/ x'g] lglZrt 5 . cGt/f{li6«o klxrfgsf nflu oxfFsf] hgzlQmsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 tyf j[lQ ljsf;sf] dfu{ k|z:t u/L 5l/tf] Pj+ glthfd"vL ;+u7g lgdf{0f ug'{ kg]{ cfjZoQmf 5 . ;f] sf] nflu @)%% ;fndf :yfkgf ePsf] jg:klt ljefusf] df}h'bf ;+u7g / b/jGbL ;+/rgfjf6 ck]lIft glthf k|fKt x'g g;Sg] ePsf]n] pko'Qm ;+u7g / b/jGbL ;+/rgf tof/ ug{ of] cWoog ul/Psf] 5 . !=$ cWoog ljlw / l;df cWoog ljlw jg gLlt @)&! n] jg, jg:klt / h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f cleofg cufl8 a9fpg @)&!–*) nfO{ “jg bzs” 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . pQm gLltn] h8La'6L / cGo u}/sfi7 jg8 k}bfjf/sf] ;+/If0f, pTkfbg / k|zf]wg, jg:kltsf] klxrfg / ;+s6df k/]sf jg:kltx?sf] cfg'j+lzs ;|f]tsf] :j:yfgLo / k/:yfgLo ?kdf ;+/If0f ug{ k|fyldstf lbPsf] 5 . gLltn] jg:kltdf kg]{ hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf gsf/fTds k|efj Go"gLs/0f tyf cg's"ngsf pkfo cjnDjg ug{ cWoog cg';Gwfgdf hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . Joj;foLs/0f x'g ;Sg] h8La'6L Pj+ u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/ v]tLsf] k|ljlw ljsf; u/L jg If]q leq / aflx/ lj:tf/ ug]{ sfo{gLlt o; gLltdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . jg:klt;+u ;DjlGwt :yfgLo P+j k/Dk/fut 1fg, ;Lk / k|ljlwsf] pkof]u ug]{ /0fgLlt jg gLltn] cjnDjg u/]sf]5 . h8La'6L Pj+ u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/ v]tLdf lghL If]qnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{ cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L pko'St v]tL k|ljlwsf] ljsf; u/L x:tfGt/0f ug]{, h}ljs ;'/Iff / Jofkfl/s dxTjsf h8La'6LhGo jg:kltsf] u'0f:t/ ljZn]if0f, jg:klthGo :j:Yo (Phytosanitary), k|df0fLs/0f nufot Jofkf/ k|j4{gsf] nflu cfjZos k|of]uzfnfsf] :yfkgf / :t/f]Gglt ug'{ kg]{ bfloTj :jLs[t jg gLlt @)&! Jff6 ;[hgf ePsf] 5 . dfly pNn]lvt ljifox? jg:klt ljefusf] sfo{ If]q leq kg]{ ePsf] / pk/f]Qm ljifox? nfO{ ;Djf]wg ug{sf] nflu k|:t't ;+u7g tyf Joj:yfkg ;j]{If0f tof/ kfg]{ qmddf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;+u7g / Joj:yfkg lgb]{lzsf @)^^ n] cf}NofPsf k| s[ofnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL o; ljefu sf] ;+u7g ;e]{If0f ul/Psf] 5 . ;+u7g / Joj:yfkg ;e] {If0fsf ljlw o; k|sf/ 5g\ M  ljBdfg ;f+u7lgs ;+/rgf, b/aGbL / dxfzfvf, s]lGb|o tyf lhNnf sfof{no, zfvf Pj+ ljleGg kbx?sf] sfo{ ljj/0fsf] cWoog tyf ljZn]if0f,  ljefu / cGtu{t sfof{nox? tyf cfof]hgfx?sf] sfo{qmdx?sf] cWoog / ljZn]if0f,  ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu 5nkmn, cGt/lqmof / ;f] af6 k|fKt k[i7kf]if0f,  jg gLlt @)&!, jg tyf e" ;+/If0f dGqfnosf] ;Ë7g tyf Joj:yfkg ;j{]If0f ;DaGwL k|ltj]bg @)&!, h}ljs ljljwtf /0fgLlt tyf sfo{of]hgf -@)!$–@)@)_, hl8j'6L tyf u}x|sfi7 jg k}bfjf/ ljsf; gLlt, @)^!, jg:klt ;| f]tsf] cg';Gwfg sfo{ljlw @)&), jg tyf e" ;+/If0f dGqfno cGt/utsf cGo ljefux¿n] ;Dkfbg u/]sf ;Ë7g tyf Joj:yfkg ;j{]If0f ;DaGwL k|ltj]bgx¿  lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfo{ ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ lgb]{lzsf, @)^& sf] cWoog, ljZn]if0f,  g]kfnsf] t]x|f}+ of]hgf -cf=j= @)&)÷&! – @)&@÷&#_, jflif{s sfo{qmd, Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] k|fs[lts ;|f]t / ;fwg ;ldltsf] lgb]{zg / ;'emfj ,  xfnsf] cj:yfdf jg:klt ljefun] ;Dkfbg ug'{kg]{ sfo{x? / ;f] sf] sfo{af]emsf] ljZn]if0f,  h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f, Joj:yfkg tyf ;b'kof]u nufot cGo jftfj/0fLo :f+/If0fsf nflu g]kfnn] kIf /fi6«sf] x}l;otn] cGt/f{li6«o hut ;dIf k| ltj4tf hgfPsf ljleGg ;lGw, cg'aGw, k|lt1fkqx¿ tyf ljleGg ;dembf/Lx¿sf] cWoog tyf ljZn]if0f ,  cGo ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx?sf] cWoog;Ldfx? M9 jg tyf e" ;+/If0f dGqfnosf] Web site (www.mfsc.gov.np) df jg:klt ljefusf] k| f/lDes ;+u7g tyf Joj:yfkg ;j]{If0f @)&! kmfu'gsf] klxnf] xKtf / kl5 s]lx ; +zf]wg ;lxtsf] ;+u7g tyf Joj:yfkg ;j]{If0f @)&! k'g M Web site df /fvL ;j}sf] Wofgfsif{0f, 5nkmn, ;'emfj dfu ul/Psf] lyof] . t/ s]xL dfqn] o;df ;'emfj lbg' ePsf] x'Fbf ;f]r] cg'?ksf] ;'emfj cfpg g;Sg'nfO{ Pp6f ;Ldfsf] ?kdf lnOPsf] 5 . jg:klt ljefudf sfo{/t hgzlQmnfO{ ldlt @)&!.!).@# ut] w'nLv]ndf klxnf] k6s ;fd'lxs 5nkmn ul/Psf] / ldlt @)&!.!!.!( df jg:klt ljefudf ljefusf ;Dk"0f{ hgzlQmsf ;fd' dfyL pNn]v ul/Psf nufotsf k|of;n] a9L eGbf a9L 5nkmn u/L ;LdfnfO{ GogLs/0f u/L ;Ë7g tyf Joj:yfkg ;j]{If0fsf] sfo{nfO{ clGtd ?k lbOPsf] 5 . k'gM 5nkmn u/L 5nkmn / cGt/lqmof dfkm{t ul/Ptf klg j9L eGbf j9L sd{rf/Ljf6 ;'emfj gcfpg'nfO{ klg ;Ldfsf] ?kdf lnOPsf] 5 . /fHo k'g ;+/rgfdf ;+u7g :j?k M /fHo k'g;{+/rgfsf] k|f?k cg';f/ d'n's ;+3Lotfdf hfFbf klg ;du| jg:klt ;|f]tsf] cWoog, cg';Gwfg, clen]lvs/0f / lbuf] pkof]usf] nflu ;+3Lotf cg's"n g} x'g] u/L jg:klt pBfgx?, xj{n kmfd{ tyf hl8j'6L cg';Gwfg s]Gb|x?nfO{ k|:t't ; +u7g tyf Joj:yfkg ;j]{If0fdf ;d]l6Psf] 5 . /fHo k'g;{+/rgf x'Fbf jt{dfg ; +u7g ;+/rgfn] p7fPsf ;jfnx?nfO{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ x'Fbf d'n's ;+3Lotfdf hfbf klg o; ;+u7g ;+/rgfn] kmfObf k'¥ofpg] cWoog 6f]nLsf] lgisif{ 5 .10 efu @ @=! jg:klt ljefusf] k[i7e"dL g]kfndf ljBdfg h8La'6L Pj+ u}/ sfi7 jg k}bfj/x?sf] ;+sng / Aofkf/ k|jw{g Pj+ v]tL ljsf; p2]Zo lnO{ lj=;+=!(($ df jg:klt kmfF6sf] ?kdf sfo{ z'? e} lj=;+= @)!^ df jg:klt ljefusf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . tt\kZrft b]zdf pknAw jg:klt ;Dkbfx? sf] klxrfg tTsfnLg gofF of]hgf cg';f/ zfxL jg:klt pBfg, ;e]{ tyf xj]{l/od, zfxL cf}ifwL cg';Gwfgzfnf, h8La'6L Aofkf/ s]Gb| :yfkgf gLlt lnOof] . kmn:j?k pBfgsf] ;d'b\3f6g eof] . @)!( ;fndf g} b]zsf ljleGg If]qdf h8La'6L pBfgsf] :yfkgf ul/ h8La'6L ;+/If0f tyf v]tL ljsf; sfo{sf] yfngL ul/of] . ;fy} jg:klt ;Dkbfsf] tYof+s ;+sng sfo{sf] nflu ljleGg sfof{nox? / jg:klts ;e]{If0f tyf k| of]uzfnfsf] klg :yfkgf ul/ tt\ ;DaGwL sfo{x?sf] z'?jft ul/of] . o;} qmddf cf}ifwL cg';Gwfgsf] If]qdf 6]jf k'/\ofpg] p2]Zon] @)@! ;fndf >L % dx]Gb| aL/ ljqmd zfx b]j ;/sf/af6 zfxL cf}ifwL cg';Gwfzfnfsf] ;d'b\3f6g ul/aS:of] . ljefusf] lqmofsnfkaf6 ljsl;t k|ljlwnfO{ ;b'kof]u ug{ @)!% ;fndf >L % /Tg /fHo nIdL b]jL zfx ;/sf/af6 o;} ljefu cGtu{t cf}ifwL pTkfbg zfvfsf] ;d'b\3f6g eof] . of] zfvf qmlds ?kdf ljsl;t eO{ cf}ifwL pTkfbgsf] If]qdf @)@( ;fndf zfxL cf}ifwL lnld6]8sf] ?kdf kl/0ft eof] . @)#& ;fndf o; ljefusf] pknAwL d'ns v]tL k|ljwL / k|zf]wg k|ljwLx?nfO{ ;d]6L h8La'6L pTkfbg tyf k|zf]wg sDklgsf] :yfkgf ul/of] . cf}ifwL cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf;sf] nflu cf]ifwLx?sf] u'0f lgoGq0f / Aoj:yfkg If]qnfO{ ;d]6L sfo{ ug{ @)#% ;fndf cf}ifwL P]gsf] th'{df u/L o; P]gåf/f lglb{i6 Aoj:yfkgsf] lgldQ @)#^ ;fndf cf}ifwL Aoj:yf ljefusf] :yfkgf eof] . @)$% ;fndf jg dGqfno cGut{tsf ljefux?sf] lqmofsnfk / lhDd]jf/LnfO{ ;'b[9 ug]{ p2]Zon] jg / jg:klt b'j}sf] cg';Gwfg sfo{ Ps} ynf]df ug{ jg cg';Gwfg tyf ;e]{If0f s]Gb|nfO{ jg:klt ljefudf ufeL jg tyf jg:klt cg';Gwfg ljefusf] ?kdf gfdfs/0f ul/of] . /fli6«o xj]{l/od nfO{ k|of]uzfnfsf sfof{x? ;d]t ;d]6\g] u/L /fli6«o xj]{l/od tyf jg:klt k|of]uzfnfsf] ?kdf :yfkgf ul/of] . k'gM @)%) ;fndf k|zf;g ;'wf/ cfof]un] lbPsf] ;+/rgf ;'wf/sf] dfu{ bz{g cg';f/ o; ljefusf] p2]Zo oyfjt /fvL ljefu cGtu{tsf ;a} sfof{nox? x6fO[ jg:klt ljefusf] (Department of plant resources) gofF ;+u7g agfOof] . jg:klt ljefu / jg ;e] {If0f tyf cg';Gwfg ljefu lj=;+= @)$% ;fndf ;dfof]hg eO{ lj=;+= @)%) ;fndf k'gM 5'l§Psf] lyof] . 7Ls ;f]xL ;dodf cf}ifwL Aoj:yfkgsf] nflu ljZn]if0f ug{ tTsflng k|of]uzfnf zfxL cf}ifwL cg';Gwfgzfnfsf] u'0f lgoGqs zfvf (Quality control section) tyf To;df sfo{/t k|fljlws sd{rf/L ;lxt @)%) ;fndf11 zfxL cf}ifwL cg';Gwfgzfnfsf] gfdn] cf}ifwL Aoj:yf ljefunfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/of] . tTkZrft ljefusf] /f;folgs k|of]uzfnf k|fs[lts ;Dkbf cg';Gwfgzfnfdf kl/0ft eof] . ljleGg If]qdf /x]sf jg:klt ljefu cGtu{t sfof{nosf -t/x/f–;'g;/L, sf]Onfjf; –bfª, dl0fr'8, sf7df08f}+, g]kfnu~h–afFs], dx]Gb|gu/–s+rgk'/_ ef}lts k'jf{wf/x? h8La'6L pTkfbg tyf k|zf]wg sDkgLnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/of] . @)%) ;fnsf] ;+fu7lgs ;+/rgf cg';f/sf] yk p2]Zo kl/k'lt{sf nflu ;dofg's'n cfjZos kl/dfh{g ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf]n] k'gM @)%^ / @)%& ;fndf ;+fu7lgs ;+/rgfdf kl/jt{g u/L xfn;Dd ;f]lx cg'?k sfo{ ;+rfng e}/x]sf] 5 . jg:klt ljefun] g]kfn leq kfOg] jg:klt / jg:klt >f]tx?sf] cWoog, klxrfg, cg';Gwfg / lbuf] pkof]u ug{sf nflu jg:klt ;j]{If0f, k|ljlw ljsf;, tflnd, 1fg jå{s k|rf/ k|;f/ ;fdfu|Lx? tyf k/Dk/fut 1fgsf] clen]lvs/0f, jg:kltsf] ljZn]if0f tyf k| df0fLs/0f sfo{x? ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . b'n{e, nf]kf]Gd'v Pjd\ /}yfg] jg:kltx?sf] k/:yfgLo ;+/If0f, cWoog cg';Gwfg Pjd\ ;j{;fw/0fnfO{ dgf]/~hg:yn Pjd\ kof{ko{6gnfO{ 6]jf k'–ofpg] x]t'n] b]zsf ljleGg * lhNnfx?df !@ j6f jg:klt pBfgx? :yfkgf ePsf 5g\ . ljefusf] p2]Zo  g]kfndf kfOg] ljleGg k|sf/sf jg:kltx?sf] j}1flgs klxrfg tyf clen]lvs/0fsf ;fy} cg';Gwfg / k|ljlw ljsf;sf] dfWodaf6 ;du| jg:klt ;|f]tsf] ;+/If0f / lbuf] pkof]u ug]{ . b'n{e, nf]kf]Gd'v tyf /}yfg] jg:kltx?sf] :j:yflgo tyf k/:yflgo ?kdf jg:klt pBfgx?df ;+/If0f tyf Joj:yfkg ug]{ .  jg:kltx?sf] ;f/tTj lgsfnL cf}ifwLhGo kmd'{n];g u/L Kof6]06LË ug]{ . ;'ulGwt tyf jx'd"No jg:kltdf /x]sf] ;f/tTjsf] ljZn]if0f Pjd\ k|dfl0fs/0f u/L /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o Jofkf/nfO{ k|jå{g ug]{ . ljefusf k|d'v sfo{x? j}1flgs cWoog tyf cg';Gwfgsf] sfo{åf/f jfg:klts >f]tsf] klxrfg u/L k|ljwL ljsf;sf] dfWodaf6 ltgsf] :j:yfg tyf k/:yfgdf ;+/If0f tyf Joj:yfkg ug]{ Pj+ jg:klt >f]tsf] lbuf] ljsf; dfkm{t d'n'ssf] cfly{s ljsf;df 6]jf k'/\ofpg o; ljefudf ljleGg If]qx?df s]lGb|t /xL lgDg cg';f/sf sfo{x? jg:klt ljefn] ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . jg:klt ;|f]tsf] ;+/If0f tyf lbuf] pkof]u ;DaGwL of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf] th'{df, sfof{Gjog, cg'udg / d"Nofª\sg12  b]zsf] ;Dk'0f{ jg:klts >f]tsf] cWofjlws clen]v tyf tYof+s /fVg jfg:klts ;e]{If0fsf ;fy} cWoog, cg';Gwfg sfo{x? ug]{ / xj]{l/od gd"gfx? ; +sng  xj]{l/od gd"gfx? klxrfg, xj]{l/od Aoj:yfkg / g]kfn km\nf]/f k|sfzg  jg:klt pBfgx?sf] j}1flgs Aoj:yfkg ul/ j+zfg'ut >f]tsf] ;+/If0f / ljsf;sf] nflu cWoog cg';Gwfgsf ;fy} jg:klt pBfg ;DaGwL ljljw ;]jf k|bfg  b]zsf ljleGg efudf /x]sf jg:klt pBfgx?df b'n{e, nf]kf] Gd'v tyf /}yfg] jg:kltx?sf] :j:yfgLo (In-situ) Pj+ k/:yfgLo (Ex-situ) ; +/If0f ug]{  h}ljs k|ljwL Pj+ ;+/If0f k|ljwLx?sf]] ljsf; jg:klt ;DjlGw hgr]tgf km}nfpg hl8j'6L, z}lIfs / ;+/If0f jfl6sfx?sf] Aoj:yfkg  ljleGg jg:kltx?df /x]sf pkof]uL /f;folgs tTjx?sf] cWoog, cg';Gwfg tyf ljZn]if0ffTds  u}/sfi7 jg k}bfj/ nufotsf ljleGg jg:kltx?sf] /;fog ;DaGwL k/LIf0f, k| df0fLs/0f / u'0f:t/ lgwf{/0f ug]{ / ;f] ;DaGwL ;]jf k|bfg  b]zdf ljBdfg h8La'6L >f]tsf] jt{dfg l:ytL kQf nufpg :ynut ;e]{If0f ul/ u'0ffTds / kl/df0fTds ljZn]if0f  cfly{s dxTjsf h8La'6Lx?sf] v]tL k|ljw ljsf; u/L v]tL k|ljwL ljsf; ePsf h8La'6Lx?sf] s[ifsx?nfO{ k|ljwL x:tfGt/0f  jg:klt >f]t ;Dkbfsf] cWoog cg';Gwfgsf nflu :yflkt k|of]uzfnfx?sf] ;dofg's'n Aoj:yfkg tyf lj:tf/  jg gLlt @)&! n] cjnDjg u/]sf] Ps gu/ jx' pBfg sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog  :jb]zL zf]egLo km"n lj?jfx?sf] cWoog cg';Gwfg tyf v]tL k|ljlw ljsf;  jg:klt ;|f]t ;GjlGw k/Dk/fut 1fgsf] clen]lvs/0f .  cfly{s dxTjsf jg:kltx?sf] jfof]k|f]:k]lS6ª (Bio-prospecting)  jg:klt >f]t ;DaGwL ljleGg ljwfx?df k|rf/ k|;f/, tflnd tyf ljz]if1 Pj+ k/fdz{ ;]jf k|bfg 13  jg:klt ;+/If0f / h}ljs ljljwtf ;DaGwL /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog  jg:klt ;+/If0f ;DaGwL ljifodf /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+3, ;+:yfx?; +u ;dGjo / ;Dks{ @=@ ljBdfg ;f+u7lgs 9fFrf @)%% sf] ;+u7g ;+/rgf cGtu{tsf sfof{nox?14 jg:klt ljefusf] @$3! j9'jf ;dfof]hg ug]{ qmdsf] b/jGbL ljj/0f 15 @=# ljBdfg jg:klt ljefu / cGtu{t sfof{nox?sf] b/aGbL ljj/0f -@)&) _16 ljBdfg lhNnf sfof{nox?sf] b/jGbL -@)&)_@$ 3 ! sf sd{rf/Lx?sf] j9'jf ;dfof]hg ug]{ qmdsf] b/jGbL ljj/0f @=$ ljBdfg ;+/rgf / b/aGbL ;DaGwL ;d:ofx? jg:klt ljefusf] @)%% ;fndf tof/ kfl/Psf] ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgfdf xfn;Dd klg k'g/fjnf]sg x'g g;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . d'n'ssf] /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs / cfly{s If]qdf cfPsf] kl/jt{g ;+u} jg:kltsf] If]qdf b]lvPsf gofF gofF ljifo ;+u} k|zf;gdf b]lvPsf yk r'gf}tL / hgzlQmn] v]Ng'kg]{ gofF e"ldsfnfO{ ;Djf]wg ug{ ;do ;'xfpbf] ;f+u7lgs ;+/rgfnnfO{ k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{ clgjfo{ ePsf]n] jg:klt ljefusf] ;+u7gsf] k'g{;+/rgf b]lvPsf] 5 . & j6f lhNnf jg:klt sfof{non] b]zsf] df}h'bf If]q tyf ;d:t hgtfsf] h8La'6Laf6 hLjg:t/ ;'wfg]{ rfxgfnfO{ ;d]6\g sl7gfO{ eO/x]sf] tyf xfnsf lhNnfx?n] jg:kltsf] In situ / Ex situ conservation df a9L s]lGb|t17 ePsf]n] hl8j'6Lsf] ;b'kof]u tyf nfesf] ljt/0fnfO{ clej[l4 ug{ yk cfwf/e"t k"jf{wf/ tyf hgzlQmsf] cfjZostf kg]{ . /fli6«o jg:klt pBfg / /fli6«o xj]{l/od tyf jg:klt k|of]uzfnf uf]bfj/L jLrdf ;dGjosf] sld ePsf]n] jg:kltsf] ;+sng, cWoog, cg';Gwfg tyf ;+/If0f sfo{df k|efjsf/Ltf gcfPsf]n] /fli6«o jg:klt pBfg / /fli6«o xj]{l/od tyf jg:klt k|of]uzfnfnfO{ Psls[t u/L Pp6f dfq s]lGb|o :t/sf] sfof{nosf] ?kdf :t/f]GgtL ;d]t ug{ cfjZos /x]sf] .  Knf06 lj|l8ª zfvf, km\nf]/LsNr/ zfvf / jg:klt jzf+0f' >f]t zfvf sfo{ k| s[ltsf] lx;fjdf /fli6«o jg:klt pBfg cGt{ut x'g' kg]{ t/ xfn oL zfvfx? /fli6«o xj]{l/od tyf jg:klt k|of]uzfnfdf cGt{ut /x]sf]n] oL zfvfx?jf6 ck]lIft pknlJw k|fKg x'g g;s]sf] . g]kfn jg:klt ljljwtfsf] nflu wgL 5 . To;df klg cfly{s dxTjsf jg:klt÷hl8j'6Lx?sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 . t/ dfgjLo ultljlwsf sf/0f tL jg:kltx?sf] jf;:yfgdf cfPsf] x|f; / ltgLx?sf] 36\bf] ;+Vofsf] ;d:of ;Djf]wg ug{sf] nflu ljz]if sfo{qmdx?sf] th'{df u/L sfo{qmdx? sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . o;} s'/fnfO{ x[bu+d u/L o; ljefun] ;t'jf, ;k{uGwf, 66]nf], ljho;fn, ;lt;fn, ?v pGo", nf}7 ;Nnf, ;f]dntf, ;'gfv/L, u'G;L, ef]6] rfFk, cflb jg:kltx?sf] !@ j6f jg:klt pBfgx?df cWoog, cg';Gwfg tyf ;+/If0f sfo{ ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . ;fy} b'n{e tyf nf]kf]Gd'v jg:klt k|hftLsf] Species Conservation Plan jgfO{ sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf 5 . t/ df}h'bf ;+u7g / sd{rf/Laf6 oL cltl/Qm lhDd]jf/L ;Dkfbg ug'{ kg]{ jfWotfn] ljefujf6 Action Plan jgfO sfd ug{ u/fpg ;lsPsf] 5}g . hgzlQm / ljleGg ef}uf]lns If]q h:t} M lxdfn, kxf8 / r'/] If]qdf jg:klt pBfg, xj{n kmfd{ / hl8j'6L cg';Gwfg s]Gb|x?sf] :yfkgf tyf hgzlQm g} o;sf] klxnf] k'jf{wf/ xf] .  jg:klt ljefudf xfn ;Dd ePsf ;+u7g, ;]jf / ;d"xdf kb ljlzi6Ls/0f ePg h:t} cg';Gwfg ug]{ JolQmnfO{ Specified jgfpg' kg]{ lyof] . o;sf] nflu ;d"x leq pk;d"x u7g ug'{ kg]{ lyof] h:t} M /fli6«o xj]{l/od tyf jg:klt k| of]uzfnfsf] km]g]/f]u]D; zfvfdf sfd ug]{ zfvf k|d'vsf] ;]jf jg, ;d"x jf]6fgL / pk;d"x 6]S;f]gdL x'g'kg]{ . To;} u/L cGo pk;d"xx? klg x'g' kg]{ lyof] To;f] gePsf]n] klg xfnsf] ;+u7gdf ;d:of b]lvPsf] 5 .  g]kfn ˆnf]/fsf bz j6f Volume sf] k|sfzg ;g\ @)@) ;Dd ul/;Sg'kg]{ Nepal Biodiversity Strategy Action Plan, 2014 sf] k|ltjåtf 5 . t/ xfn ;Dd Pp6f dfq Volume k|sfzg ePsf] 5 . jfFsL ( j6f Volume nfO{ ;do d} k|sfzg ug{sf]18 nflu /fli6«o xj]{l/od tyf jg:klt k|of]uzfnf uf]bfj/Ldf g]kfn ˆnf]/f zfvf :yfkgf u/L g]kfn ˆnf]/f sf ;Dk"0f{ k|sfzgx?nfO{ ;do d} k|sfzg ug'{kg] cfjZoStf /x]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;do ;dodf gof+ jg:klt pBfgx? 3f]if0ff ub{} cfPsf] 5 . o;} qmddf lj=;+=@)&!.)$.!! ut] g]kfn ;/sf/, dGqLkl/ifbsf] lg0f{o cg';f/ ljZj zfGtL h}ljs ljljwtf pBfg, kf]v/f, sf:sLsf] :yfkgf ePsf] b]lvG5 . To;} u/L g]kfn ;/sf/ -;lrj:t/Lo lg0f{ojf6 :jLs[t_ pQm pBfgsf] % jif] { Joj:yfkg sfo{ of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf ;d]t cfO;s]sf] 5 . t/ ;f+u7flgs ; +/rgf / cfaZos b/jGbL :jLs[t geO{ lb+bf o; pBfgnfO{ lgoldt sfd ug{sf] nflu klg 7'nf] ;d:of k/]sf] b]lvG5 . xfn of] pBfgsf] ;+/If0f tyf Joj:yfkg sfo{ o; ljefusf] df}h'bf l;ldt hgzlQmaf6 x'b} cfO/x]sf] 5 . t;y{ gofF 3f]if0ff ePsf] pQm pBfgdf hgzlQmsf] Aoj:yf gx'bf pQm pBfgdf dfq geO ljefun] ;d]t hgzlQm ;d:of ef]Ug afWo 5 / ;+/If0f tyf Joj:yfkg sfo{ sdhf]/ e}/x]sf] 5 . t;y{ k|:t't ul/Psf] ;f+u7flgs ;+/rgf / b/jGbL oyflz3| :jLs[t u/L sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg]{ cfaZostf /x]sf] 5 .  jg:klt pBfgx?df xfn d'Vo ?kdf sfo{ ug]{ :yfoL dfnL÷sfdbf/x?sf] ; +Vof cjsfzsf] sf/0fjf6 lbg k|ltlbg 36\b} uO/x]sf] 5 t/ :yfoL kb k"lt{ ug{ gkfOg] cj:yfn] ;du| jg:klt pBfgx?sf] sfddf c;/ k/]sf] 5 . jg:klt pBfgx?df :yfO dfnLsf] ;+Vof 36]sf] sf/0f Psftkm{ jg:kltsf] ;+/If0f tyf pBfg ljsf; sfo{qmd nufot cGo sfo{qmdx?sf] :jLs[t jh]6sf] s/Lj %)Ü jh]6 s/f/ / b}lgs Hofnfbf/Ldf lnOPsf dfnLx?sf] tnj eQfdf vr{ e}/x]sf] 5 eg] csf]{ tkm{} jh]6 cefjsf sf/0f pBfgdf kof{Kt dfqfdf HofdLsf] ; +Vof klg 5}g\ . kmn:j?k pBfg leq ul/g] jg:kltx?sf];+/If0f, cWoog cg';Gwfg sfo{ nufot zf]egLo km"n lj?jfsf] /f]k0f / plrt :ofx/ ;Def/ u/L cfuGt'ssf] rfxgf cg';f/ pBfgdf ;f}Gbo{tf lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g\ . cf=j= )&).&! df @$ 3 ! sd{rf/L ;dfof]hgsf s|ddf ljefu / ljefu cGt/utsf sfof{nox?df xr'jfsf] e/df n]vf clws[t @ hgf, ;xfos cg';Gwfg clws[t $ hgf, n]vfkfn @, gf;' ! b/jGbL yk ul/Psf] To;}u/L cl;i6]06 jf]6flgi6 $ hgf, 6f=gf=;'= !, Nofj cl;i6]06 @, ;'k/efOh/ !, knDj/ !, l;gLo/ d]sflgS; !, vl/bf/ ! kbsf] b/jGbL nufot cGo b/jGbL klg vf/]h ul/Psf]n] sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng u/L ck]lIft pknlJw xf;Ln ug{ sl7gfO{ eO/x]sf] 5 .19 efu–# #=! sfo{qmdsf] ljZn]if0f u/LaL Go'gLs/0faf6 ;d[å g]kfnsf] lgdf{0fsf nflu oxfFsf jg:klt cWoog, cg';Gwfg, clen]vLs/0f, ;b'kof]u tyf ahf/Ls/0f ug'{ cfjZos 5 . oxfF w]/} /fli6«o, cGt/f{li6«o ; +:yfx? nufgL ul//x]sf / yk nufgL ug{ OR5's u/fpg jt{dfg / eljiodf k|jn ;Defjgf 5 . t/ lzIff, hgr]tgf / hg;xeflutf / cfocfh{gaf6 u/LaL lgjf/0fdf 7f]; of]ubfg k'/\ofpg' cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . jg:klt ljefu / cGt/utjf6 ;+rflnt sfo{qmdx? l; sfo{qmd jh]6 ;| cfof]h d'Vo d'Vo lqmofsnkfx? sfo{ If]q cf=a= s}lkm = ÷ f]t gf cjlw @)&! ot g cfof]hgf ÷)&@ + sf] gfd sf] nflu = l:js[t ah]6 ? xhf/df ! jg:klt g]kfn ; ;fn j;fnL != g]kfnsf] /}yfg] jg:kltx?sf] (Endemic /fli6«o xj]{l/od (P1) cWoog /sf/ lg/Gt/ tyf jg:klt k| !% Plants) k|fs[lts cj:yfdf ljBdfg ;+Vof tyf sfof{Gj of]uzfnf-/f=x= ((@ cg';Gwfg ogdf (Population Status) sf] cg';Gwfg – -dgfª, tyf j=k|_, k| sfo{qmd cfpg] fs[lts ;Dkbf d':tfª / s0ff{nL c~rnsf ljleGg lhNnfx?_ cg';Gwfgzfnf @= Plgdn xfp; Joj:yfkg -kff=;=c_ / & #= kmdf{sf]Ugf];L tyf Do'lhod Joj:yfkg lhNnfx? M Onfd,wg'iff, $= Status review on CITES Plant Cyathea dsjfgk'/,;Nof g, h'Dnf, spinulosa (Tree fern) jf+s] / s}nfnL %= xj]{l/od gd"gfsf] klxrfg, ;+/If0f, Housing tyf Joj:yfkg ^= /fli6«o xj]{l/odf ;+/lIft jg:klt gd"gfx?sf] Digitization sfo{ &= k"j{ ;+slnt klxrfg gePsf back logging jg:klt gd"gfsf] Sorting, Mounting, Identification, housing sfo{ . *= Flora of Nepal vol. 1-10 k|sfzgsf] nflu cfjZos hgzlQm / cGo k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf; ug]{ . (= ;t'jfsf] hd{Knfhd cWoog u/L u'0f:t/Lo la?jf pTkfbg ug]{ . !)= Reference Chromatogram tof/ ug{ ;'ulGwt t]no'St ljleGg la?jf l6d'/, wl; +u|], n]dg u|f;sf] ;+sng . !!= Study of Pesticide Residue and Heavy Metal Contaminants in Asparagus. !@= Topographical Variation of chemical constituents of Sunpate. !#= nf]kf]Gd'v Pj+ jhf/df pRr d"No kg] { tLg k|hfltsf jg:kltx? tyf 8fO;sf]l/of k| hfltsf]] lj:tf/ ug{ hd{knfHd hDdf kfg]{ . !$= jg:klt ;|f]tsf] k/Dk/fut pkof]uL 1fgsf] clen]vLs/0f !%= u'0f:t/ ljsf;sf] nflu v]tL k|ljlw cg';Gwfg u/L ;f] ;DaGwL k|fljlws k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{ !^= Dendrochronological cWoogaf6 ljutsf] hnjfo' cg'dfg ug]{ (Timber Line) !&= sf7sf gd"gf klxrfg ug{ Wood Anatomy k|of]uzfnfsf] k"jf{wf/ tof/, sf7sf gd"gf ;+sng u/L Anatomy sf nflu Reference tof/ !*= Pgf6f]dL, l6:o'sNr/, Osf]gf]lds af]6fgL, O{sf]nf]lhsn, h}ljs ljljwtf, h8La'6L, dfO{sf]nf]lhsn, ;fO6f]nf]lhsn, 6]l/8f]kmfO{6, km]g]/f]UofD; k|of]uzfnfdf ul/g] cWoog cg';Gwfg !( kmd'{n]6]9 k|f]8S6 pTkfbg @)= jg:kltsf] kmfO6f]s]ldsn, kmdf{sf]nf]lhsn -!)_, ;'ulGwt t]n, lj:t[t kmfO6f]s]ldn / jfof]s]ldsn cWoog -#_ @!= l;/xf lhNnfdf cjl:yt ;xn]zsf] km"njf/ldf /x]sf] jg:kltsf] Detail cGj]if0f ; +sng / klxrfg u/L tYofÍ cBfjlws ug]{ . @@= k|ljlw ljsf; e};s]sf la?jfsf j[xt dfqfdf pTkfbg -kf}nf]lgof, :6]leof, sfg]{;g, lnnL, £o" s'df/L, cls{8,_ @#= l6io'sNr/ k|ljlw ljsf; -;t'jf jf ljho;fn jf krf}nL_ @$= l6io'sNr/ ljsl;t la?jfx?sf] lkmN8 k/LIf0f @%= h8La'6Lx?sf] ;"IdhLlj/f]wL Ifdtfsf] cWoog ug]{@^= afof]nf]lhsn lqmofsnfk -;'IdhLjL/f]wL, PlG6kml6{lnl6,PG6L8foj]l6s, PlG6l8k|];fG6 Ifdtf_ k|dfl0ft ePsf h8La'6Lsf] Cell Suspension Culture u/L ;]s]G8/L d]6faf]nfO6;sf] ;'IdhLjL/f]wL c;/ cWoog @& kj{tLo l;d;f/ If]qsf] jfg:klts ;e]{If0f tyf clen]vLs/0f@*= sflnu08sL sf]l/8/sf] ldd{ b]lv d'lQmgfy ;Ddsf] vegetation study ug]{ .@( sd{rf/L bIftf j[l4 tflnd @(=! Proposal Writing, Experimental Designing and Statistical Tools (Integrated Format)@(=@ Photography and illustration training for the Biologists@(=# n]vf k|zf;g tflnd xa]{l/od 8f6f Management Training#)= u'0f:t/ lgwf{/0f h8La'6L g]kfn ; ;fn j;fnL != ks]6 If]qdf h8La'6L g;{/L Joj:yfkg, & lhNnfx? M (P1) @ /sf/ lg/Gt/ dd{t, ;+rfng !!^&! ljsf; Onfd,wg'iff, sfof{Gj dsjfgk'/, sfo{qmd ogdf @= gd"gf glthf tyf lalw k|bz{gL cfpg] :yfkgf ;'g;/Lsf] rt/fdf h8La'6L Kn6 :yfkgf / ; ;Nofg, h'Dnf, +rfng jf+s] / #= h8La'6L tyf u}/sfi7 la?jf pTkfbg s}nfnL -sfof{no tyf kmf]sn l6dn] 5fg]sf] k|hflt_ $= ;s+6fk'0f{ cj:yfdf k'u]sf h8La'6L k|hfltsf] jf;:yfg ;+/If0f (In-situ conservation)%= ;fd'bflos tyf ;fj{hlgs hUufdf ;+3÷; +:yf, ;d"bfonfO{ k|lt la?jf ? # sf b/n] 9'jfgL, j[Iff/f]k0f cg'bfg^= lghL hUufdf /f]k0fsf nflu ul/j tyf ljkGg ju{nfO{ k|lt la?jf ?= %÷– sf b/n] 9'jfgL tyf j[Iff/f]k0f ;xof]u cg'bfg &= h8La'6L v]tL lj:tf/ ;DaGwL ;+3÷; +:yf÷;d"x÷JolQmnfO{ cg'bfg -s]Gb|_*= ljBfnox?df h8La'6L afl6sf :yfkgf (= lhNnf leq kfOg] g]kfnL h8La'6Lx?sf] ;e]{If0f u/L clen]v tof/L ug]{ -l;Gw'kfNrf]s, /fd]5fk / bf]nvf lhNnfx?_ !)= Ps ufFp Ps pTkfbgsf nflu u'0f:t/Lo la?jf pTkfbg tyf ljt/0f -k|ltj]bg_ !!= h8La'6L v]tL lj:tf/ tyf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL lkmN8 :t/Lo sf]lrª -k|ltj]bg_ !@= h8La'6L ;+sngstf{, dWo:tstf{ tyf Jofkf/L aLr cGt/lqmof÷uf]]i7L !#= cfod"ns h8La'6L v]tL ;DaGwL tflnd !$= pBd ljsf; tyf jhf/Ls/0f ;DjlGw pBdLx? nfO{ tflnd !%= h8La'6L ;+sng, e08f/0f tyf k|zf]wg tflnd !^= :yfgLo /]l8of]af6 h8La'6Lsf] ;+/If0f lbuf] ;+sng, Joj:yfkg / v]tL lj:tf/ tyf :yfgLo ahf/sf] d"No ;DaGwL r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd k|;f/0f !&= 3/fo;L k|of]usf Psn h8La'6Lx?sf] ;+sng tyf k|rf/k|;f/ sfo{qmd /fi6«klt g]kfn ; ;fn j;fnL != r'/] If]qdf :yfO g;{/L lgdf{0f tyf Joj:yfkg Onfd,wg'iff, (P1) # /sf/ lg/Gt/ @= hl8j'l6 tyf u}/sfi7 lj?jf pTkfbg tyf ljt/0f @$(% r'/] ; dsjfgk'/, jf+s], sfof{Gj #= hnfwf/ If]q leq hl8j'l6 v]tL lj:tf/sf] s}nfnL % +/If0f ogdf ;DefJotf cWoog cfpg] $= ;f=j= If]q leq hl8j'l6 k|bz{gL Kn6sf] sfo{qm :yfkgf d %= 5gf}6 ePsf hnfwf/ k|efljt If]qsf lghL hUufdf hl8j'l6 v]tL lj:tf/ ^= :yfgLo :t/df hLjg:t/ ;'wf/sf] nflu ;fj{hlgs hUuf ÷sj'lnolt hUuf÷;fd'bflos jg cGt/utsf ljkGg ju{sf ls;fgx?sf nflu hl8j'l6 v]tL &= hL0f{ r'/] If]qdf j[Iff/f]k0f *= hl8j'l6 v]tL ;DjlGw tflnd (= :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfx? ;+u r'/] ;+/If0f ;DjlGw cGt/lqmof !)= glb psf; tyf t6jGw If]q ;+/If0fsf nflu n]dgu|f;, l;6«f]g]nf, v;v; /f]k0f !!= cWoog e|d0f tyf k|rf/ k|;f/ sfo{qmd !@= r'/] If]qdf hl8j'l6 v]tL ;DjlGw kfOn6 sfo{qmd ;+rfng !#= ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ $ g]kfn g]kfn ; ;fn j;fnL != Lab Accreditation Programme k|f=;=c=, #!)$( (P1) Jofkf/ /sf/ lg/Gt/ /f=x= tyf j=k| = sfof{Gj @= GACP ;DaGwL sfo{qmd tof/L tyf k| PsLs[t / ogdf sfzg =, dsjfgk'/, 0fgLlt cfpg] jf+s] -jg #= ks]6 If]qsf ;fd'bflos, ;fj{hlgs, s[lif jg lhNnf sfo{qmd ;d"xsf h8La'6L pBdL ;xsf/L ;b:o / ;DjlGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ h8La'6L tyf _ cfod"ns v]tL / jg pBd ;DjlGw cjnf]sg e|d0f -lhNnf leq÷l5d]sL lhNnf $= h8La'6L Jofkf/ k|jw{gdf cfwfl/t pBf]u / pBdLx?sf] cgnfOg 8]6fj]z tof/ ug]{ %= dWoklZrdf~rn If]qaf6 lgsf;L x'g] sfpnf]sf] hd{KnfHd cWoog u/L u'0f:t/Lo la?jf pTkfbg ^= u'0f:t/Lo la?jf pTkfbgsf] nflu t]hkftsf] hd{Knfhd -kfNkf, tgx'F, pbok'/_ &= u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f *= cls{8 k|hfltsf la?jf l6io'sNr/ k|ljlw ljsf; -klxn] u/L /x]sf] cls{8 k|hfltx?nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg]_ . -Joj;fohGo ;'gfv/Lsf] l6:o'sNr/ k|ljlw ljsf;_ (= Joj;floshGo h8La'6Lx?sf] v]tL -PPP Model _ df !)= h8La'6L tyf ;'ulGwt jg:klthGo pTkfbgsf] ;"IdhLj ;+b"ifssf] k/LIf0f !!= GCMS af6 ul/g] essential oil sf] ljZn]if0fsf] method validation. !@= Environment Safety and hazard management. !#= Heavy Metal Contamination and toxicity study of herbs and herb products. !$= h}ljs s[ofsnfk -;"IdhLj lj/f]wL, PG6Lkml6{lnl6, PlG68fPlal6s, PlG6l8k|];]G6, Ifdtf_ k|dfl0ft ePsf h8La'6L hGo ;f/ttjx?sf] lj:t[t cWoog÷k|df0fLs/0f_!%= Pesticide Residue in herbs and herbal products. !^= sd{rf/L bIftf j[l4 sfo{qmd jg:klt ; g]kfn ; ;fn j;fnL != df};dL zf]egLo km"n la?jf pTkfbg /f=j=p= / & (P2) % /sf/ lg/Gt/ %^! @= uf]bfj/L l:yt s]Gb|Lo jg:klt pBfgsf] lhNnfx? +/If0f sfof{Gj kfs{sf] ;f}Gbo{ lgdf{0f sfo{ &( ogdf #= s]Gb|Lo pBfg, l;+xb/af/ sfo{of]hgf tyf pBfg cfpg] sfof{Gjog -lgdf{0f tyf cfwf/lznf_ rf}tf/f ljsf; dd{t, kvf{n lgdf{0f, kf]ln xfp;÷;]8 xfp;÷kf]v/L lgdf{0f, af6f] dd{t_ $= /fli6«o jg:klt pBfg sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjog %= lqmofsnfksf] gfd M gu/ pBfg sfo{qmd ^= ;"rgf s]Gb| Joj:yfkg &= Nof08 :s]k hflt ljz]if pBfg *= u'+/f; ;+/If0f Joj:yfkg (=b'n{e, nf]kf]Gd'v jg:klt k|hfltsf] ;+sng tyf ;+/If0f !)= cfjf]{l/6d :yfkgf .!!= z}lIfs pBfg Joj:yfkg !@= kmg{ pBfg Joj:yfkg !#= ;r]tgf clea[låsf nflu z}lIfs afl6sf !$= :jb]zL zf]egLo km"n la?jf cWoog cg';Gwfg !%= Oygf]jf]6flgsn Do"lhod . !^= ;]jf tyf ;hfj6 !&= k'ik v]tL k|jw{gdf k'ik s[ifsnfO{ ;xof]u !*= k|m]G8\; ckm jf]6flgsn uf8]{g . !(= uf8]{lg∙ ;DaGwL tflnd @)= ;'/Iff tyf kfnf]kx/f ^ jg:klt g]kfn ; ;fn j;fnL != lghL tyf ;fgf ls;fg ;d"xdf h8La'6L v]tL k|f=;=c= / & ()&) (P2) ;b'kof]u /sf/ lg/Gt/ lj:tf/ lhNnfx? tyf sfof{Gj ogdf @= xf]d xa{n uf8]{g ahf/Ls/0 cfpg] f #= 8f]d]li6s]zg tyf hd{KnfHd ;+/If0f Joj:yfkg$= 6«]8 ;kf]{6 -ljZn]if0f, k|df0fLs/0f, u'0f lgwf{/0f tyf l;kmfl/;_ .%= k|sfzg -k|rf/ k|;f/_^= jg:klt lbj; ;df/f]x -/fli6«o jg:klt k'/:sf/_ ;d]t & s}nfz g]kfn % jif]{ != CFC nfO{ Strengthen ug]{ 88]Nw'/f, $48 ;/sf/ kljq e" @= l/Ýfsf] Value addition ug]{ bfr{'nf, j}t8L kl/lw ; #= NMPB India sf] Study Visit +/If0f tyf ljsf; kl/of]hg f #=@ sfo{af]em tyf sfo{k4ltsf] ljZn]if0f b'n{e, nf]kf]Gd'v tyf ;+s6df k/]sf jg:kltx?sf] ;+/If0f, k|fyldstf k|fKt cfly{s dxTjsf hl8j'6Lx?sf] v]tL k|ljlw ljsf; tyf pQm k|ljlw s[ifsx?nfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/L hLljsf]kfh{gdf ;'wf/ u/L ul/aL Go"lgs/0fdf of]ubfg k'¥ofpg' jg:klt ljefusf] lhDd]jf/L /x]sf] 5 . jg:klt If]q ljut nfdf] ;do b]lv dfgjLo cltqmd0f, hl8a'6L rf]/L lgsf;L h:tf h:tf ;d:ofaf6 u|:t 5 o; ;Gbe{df jg:kltsf]] ;+/If0f, jg:klt pBfgx?sf] lbuf] Pj+ j}1flgs Joj:yfkgsf nflu {pRr k|fyldstf lbO{ sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{ cfjZos ePsf] 5 . o;sf nflu lgDg cjwf/0ffnfO{ cfTd;ft ul/g' h?/L b]lvG5 .  jg:klt÷hl8j'6L If]qnfO{ ;d[l4sf] cfwf/ agfpg] .  r'/] If]qdf /x]sf jg:kltx? If]qsf] cWoog, cg';Gwfg, clen]lvs/0f / ;+/If0f sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{' kg]{ .  jg If]qaf6 ul/aL Go"gLs/0fdf ;xof]u k'Ug] u/L dxTjk"0f{ u}/ sfi7 jg k}bfjf/ / hl8a'6Lsf] v]tL / k|zf]wg u/L a9L eGbf a9L xl/t /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ l;h{gf ug{ ;fy} hl8a'6L k|zf]wg s]Gb|x? / cfo'j]{b c:ktfnx?sf] aLrdf sfof{Tds ;DaGw ljsf; ug{ cfjZos ePsf] .  nf]kf]Gd'v jGohGt' tyf jg:klt k|hfltx?sf] ;+/If0f sfo{nfO{ pRr k|fyldstf lbg cfjZos ePsf] .  hl8a'6L kxLrfg, ;+/If0f, Joj:yfkg, v]tL lj:tf/ tyf ahf/ ljsf; ;DaGwL sfo{qmdx? k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;+rfng ug]{ jftfj/0f tof/ ug{' kg]{ ePsf] .  cGt/ ljefuLo ;dGjo u/L jg If]qsf ;d:of ;dfwfgd"ns cg';Gwfgsf sfo{qmdx?df bf]xf]/f]kg gcfpg] u/L sfo{qmd th'{df tyf sfof{Gjog ug]{ /0fgLlt cg';f/ sfo{ ug{ cfjZos /x]sf] .  jg tyf jg:klt cg';GwfgnfO{ ;d]t ;dofg's'n agfpFb} hfg'kg]{ ePsf] .  cGt/f{li6«o:t/df ul/Psf k|lta4tf tyf ;lGw ;Demf}tfx? kfngf ug{ cg's'n ;+u7g ; +/rgf lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ . g]kfndf em08} km"n km"Ng] &))) k|hfltsf jg:kltx? /x]sf] cg'dfg u/LPsf] 5 / xfn;Dd s/Lj %^)) k|hfltsf jg:kltx?sf] dfq Documentation ul/Psf] 5 . t/ cem} !$)) eGbf j9L k| hfltsf jg:kltx?sf] ;+sng, klxrfg / Documentation x'g jfFsL /x]sf] 5 . To;} u/L &)) k| hfltsf jg:klt k|hfltx? cf}iflwo dxTj ePsf] kQf nfu]sf] 5 . cf}iflwo dxTj /x]sf] elgPsf hDdf @#* lsl;dsf jg:klt k|hfltx?sf] dfq /f;folgs k/LIf0f ePsf] 5 . g]kfndf xfn ;Dd klg o; sfo{ ug]{ cGo lgsfo gePsf]n] jg:klt ljefusf] ;+u7gdf ;'wf/ ug{ cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5 . CITES sf] jg:klt ;DaGwL cflwsfl/s j}1flgs lgsfo / h}ljs ;'/Iffsf] /fli6«o Focal Point o; ljefun] g]kfndf kfOg] jfg:klts >f]tx?sf] cWoog, cg';Gwfg, klxrfgsf ;fy} ;f] sf] cBfjlws clen]v -g]kfn km\nf]/fsf] k|sfzg_ tof/ tyf g]kfnL h8La'6Lsf] cf}ifwLo u'0f:t/ klxrfg eO{ ltgsf] cGj]if0ffTds ;e]{If0f (Bio-prospecting) af6 cfly{s b[li6n] dxTjk"0f{ h8La'6LhGo jg:kltx?sf] ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7g / k]6]lG6ª ;Fu cGt/;DalGwt agfpg ;lsG5 . Molecular Characterization cfly{s dxTjsf] h8La'6Lsf] v]tL lj:tf/sf] nflu k| ljlw pknJw u/fO{ hgtfsf] cfo cfh{g sfo{df 6]jf k'/\ofpg jfg:klts ;d'bfo -Vegetation)df cfwfl/t eO{ / Joj;flosLs/0fdf 6]jf k'Ug] sfo{ ug'{ h?/L 5 . lj:tf/df j[lå cg';f/ ;|f]t, ;fwgdf j[lå x'Gf' :jefljs xf] . cg';Gwfgsf] k|ltkmn kfpg nfdf] ;do, j[xt ah]6 nufgL, j}1flgsx?sf] w}o{tf / OdfGbfl/tf cfjZostf k5{ . ;dfh, /fi6«n] l56f] glthfsf] ck]Iff ubf{ ;a} cg';Gwfg yf]/} ;dod} kl/0ffd b]vfpg ;S5g\ eGg ;lsb}g . t/ lg/Gt/ ;'wf/ k|of; eg] h?/L 5 .#=# pknAw dfgj ;|f]tsf] cf+sng / ljlQo nfut ljZn]if0f k|:tfljt ;+u7g ;+/rgf cg';f/ yk x'g] !)^ b/jGbLsf] nflu tna eQf tkm{ cg'dflgt x'g vr{ lgDg cg';f/ x'g] b]lvG5 . o;nfO{ b]xfosf] tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . qm >]0fL yk dfl;s tna dfl;s jflif{s -!# dfl;s =; b/aGb eQf /sd ?= vr{ x'g] a/fa/_ / kf]zfs += L /sd ?= eQfdf x'g] vr{ /sd ?= 1= /f=k=k|yd 2 32,212 839025 2= /f=k=låtLo 6 27,461 2141958 3= /f=k=t[tLo 10 24,489 3179670 4= /f=k=cg+=k|= 35 18,895 8597225 6= /f=k=cg+=lå= 18 17,700 4141800 7= /f=k=cg+=r= 1 16,051 208663 8= >]0fLljlxg. 26 14,754 4986852 dfnL 9= x=;=rf= 8 17,804 1851616 hDdf 106 2,59,46,809 s6f}tL x'g] kb / ;+Vof qm >]0fL 36 dfl;s tna dfl;s jflif{s -!# dfl;s =; b/aGb eQf /sd ?= vr{ x'g] a/fa/_ / kf]zfs += L /sd ?= eQfdf x'g] vr{ /sd ?= 1= /f=k=t[tLo 5 24,489 1224065 2= /f=k=cg+=k|= 2 18,895 491270 3= /f=k=cg+=lå= 4 17,700 920400 4= /f=k=cg+=t[= 4 14,754 767208 6= /f=k=cg+=r= 7 16,051 1460641 hDdf 22 48,63,584 s6f}tL kZrft nfUg] nfut qm=;+= yk x'g] b/ nfut s}lkmot b/aGbL 6]a'n s';L{ 57 15000 855000 z'?sf] nflu dfq sDKo"6/ 30 60000 1800000 z'?sf] nflu dfq n'uf eQf tyf cGo 84 7500 630000 jflif{s ?kdf d;nGb hDdf 85000 3285000 tnasf] Joo ef/ ? @,!),*#,@@%.– / cGo-n'uf eQf_ u/L v'b Joo ef/ hDdf ? @,$#,^*,@@%.– cg'dfg 5 . v'b cfly{s ef/ cg';"rL !# / !$ df jg:klt ljefu / cGt/ut sfof{nodf b}lgs Hofnfbf/Ldf /flvPsf ljleGg @!$ hgfnfO{ Hofnfbf/Ldf /flvPsf] / gofF ;+u7g :jLs[tL kZrft *$ j6f yk b/jGbL x'g] t/ Hofnfbf/Ldf sfo{/t !!$ hgfnfO{ s6f}tL ug{ ;lsg] x'bfF yk cfly{s ef/ tTsfn} gkg]{ k|If]kg 5 . #=$ kl/jt{gsf] cf}lrTotf jg:klt ljefu cfˆgf] :yfkgfsfn b]lv g} hl8j'6L tyf u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/sf] If]qdf sfo{ ub} { cfO/x]sf] 5 . hl8j'6Lx? Psftkm{ cfo'j]{lbs tyf Pnf]k]lys cf}ifwL jgfpgsf] nflu sRrf kbfy{sf] ?kdf k|of]u e}/x]sf 5g\ eg] csf]{ tkm{ ;'uGwLt jg:kltx?sf] l8l:6n]zg u/L t]n lgsfnL ljb]z lgof{t u/L ljb]zL d'b|f cfh{g e}/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . t;y{ o:tf cfly{s dxTjsf jg:kltx?sf] 3/]n's/0f u/L j+zf0f' u'0fdf ;d]t ;'wf/ Nofpg' h?/L 5 . o:tf] sfo{sf] nflu jg:klt ljefun] cfly{s dxTjsf jg:kltx?sf] cWoog cg';Gwfg ug{, v]tL k|ljlw ljsf; u/L pQm k|ljlw s[ifsx?df x:tfGt/0f ug{ gofF hftsf] ;d]t ljsf; ug{sf] nflu cfjZos hgzlQm / ;f]xL jdf]lhdsf] ;+u7g x'g' cfjZos b]lvG5 . cfw'lgs ljZjdf k|fªufl/s / xa{n pkhsf] a9\bf] dfunfO{ k"/f ug{ xfd|f jg:klt ;|f]tx?n] /fd|f] ;+efjgf af]s]sf 5g\ . ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7gsf] ;b:o /fi6«sf] x}l;otn] ax'kof]uL jg:kltx?sf] cGj]if0ffTds ;e]{If0f (Bio-prospecting) u/L Patenting lng' r'gf}tL / cj;/ b'j} xf] . k|of]uzfnf / cGo k"jf{wf/x?sf] cGt/fli6«o dfkb08 cg'?k ljsf; tyf ;]jf k| jfxnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg ;+/rgf kl/jt{g x'g cfjZos b]lvG5 . klZrdf~rn ljsf; If]qdf Pp6f klg sfof{no gePsf]df k|:tfljt ;+/rgfdf klg 6]jf k'/\ofpg] u/L ;]jf / ;'ljwf k|bfg ul/g]5, ;fy} b]z e/Lsf] jfg:klts ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f, ;+jw{g tyf k|jw{g ub}{ h8La'6Lsf] dfWodaf6 ul/aL Go'gLs/0fdf 6]jf k'/ofpb} b]zsf] s'n u|fx:Yo pTkfbgdf jg If]qsf] of]ubfg a9fpgsf nflu ;d]t ;f+u7gLs 9f+rf kl/dfh{gsf] cfjZostf ckl/xfo{ b]lvG5 . ;+u7flgs kl/jt{g ug'{kg]{ sf/0fx? lgDg cg';f/ 5g\–  jg gLlt @)&!, h}ljs ljljwtf /0fgLlt tyf sfo{of]hgf -@)!$–@)@)_, hl8j'6L tyf u}x|sfi7 jg k}bfjf/ ljsf; gLlt, @)^!, jg:klt ;|f]tsf] cg';Gwfg sfo{ljlw, @)&), jg tyf e" ;+/If0f dGqfnosf] ;Ë7g tyf Joj:yfkg ;j{]If0f ;DaGwL k|ltj]bg @)&! sfof{Gjog e}/x]sf] xfnsf] cj:yfdf jg:klt ljefn] pNn]lvt gLlt, /0fgLlt, sfo{ljlw, k|ltj]bg cg';f/ jg:klt ljefun] sfo{ ug{ cfjZos ePsf]n] .  hl8j'6L v]tL k|ljlwsf] ljsf; dfkm{t dlxnf, blnt Pj+ ljkGg ju{nfO{ k|ToIf nfe k'Ug] sfo{qmdx? k|efjsf/L 9+un] sfof{Gjog ug{ h?/L b]lvPsf] . sd{rf/LnfO{ pTk|]l/t ug{ rflng] pko'Qm yk tfnLd nufot ;+u7g ;+/rgfdf x'g] ;''wf/nfO{ cfly{s >f]tsf] ;d]t k|If]k0f u/L k|ljlw, sfof{nosf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/, pks/0fx? nufotsf ljifonfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{'kg]{ x'Fbf dfgj ;+zfwg ljsf;, cfw'lgs ef}lts k"jf{wf/ / pks/0f, pTk|]/0ffsf nflu df}lb|s tyf u}/ df}lb|s pkfox?sf] Joj:yf ug{'kg]{ jf pk/f]Qm ljifodf klg cWoog dfk{mt jf:tljs cj:yf, nfut, jflif{s Jooef/ ;f] af6 k|fKt x'g] glthf h:tf ljifodf PsLs[t k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L sfo{qmdnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg ;d]t ;xof]u k'¥ofpg cffjZos ePsf] .  xfnsf] h}ljs ljljwtf zfvf s]jn h}ljs ljljwtfsf] dfq cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{ zfvf geO{ hnjfo" kl/jt{gn] h}ljs ljljwtfdf kfg]{ c;/x?sf] jf/]df ;d]t cWoog cg';Gwfg s]lGb|t ug'{kg]{ ePsf]n] . g]kfnL h8La'6Lsf] cf}ifwLo u'0f:t/ klxrfg u/L ltgsf] cGj]if0ffTds ;e]{If0f (Bio-prospecting) af6 cfly{s b[li6n] dxTjk"0f{ h8La'6LhGo jg:kltx?sf] ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7g / k]6]lG6ª;Fu cGt/;DalGwt agfpg ;lsG5 . pQm sfo{ afof]]nf]hLsn dxfzfvf;Fu ;DjlGwt ePsf]n] ljefudf ! dxfzfvf afof]]nf]hLsn dxfzfvf yk ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . jg:kltsf] ;+sng, ;j]{If0f, cWoog, cg';Gwfg ,;+/If0f, clen]lvs/0f h:tf sfo{ k|s[lt d]n vfg] /fli6«o jg:klt pBfg / /fli6«o xj]{l/od tyf jg:klt k|of]uzfnfnfO{ PsLs[t u/L Pp6f dfq} s]lGb|o sfof{nosf] ?kdf /fli6«o xj]{l/od tyf jg:klt pBfg s]Gb| sf] ?kdf ljsf; ug'{kg]{ ePsf] . jg:kltsf] ;+sng, ;j]{If0f, cWoog, cg';Gwfg ,;+/If0f, ;Da4{g / ljsf;df ;+nUg lgsfo, hgzlQm / :yfgLo ;d"bfo tyf ;f] k|of]hgsf nflu ;+rflnt sfo{qmddf hjfkmb]lxtf, kf/bzL{tf, OdfGbf/Ltf / sfo{s'zntfsf] clej[l4 u/L jg:klt k| zf;gdf ;'zf;g k|j4{g ug{sf nflu klg jg:klt ljefusf] ;+u7g ;+/rgfdf kl/dfh{g ug{ clt cfjZos b]lvPsf] .  /fi6«klt ejg, l;+xb/jf/ kl/if/, nufot ljleGg gu/x?df pBfgx?sf] :yfkgf / zx/df /f]lkg] jg:klt k|hfltx?sf] klxrfg, l;kmfl/; tyf dfkb08 lgdf{0f ug{, zf]elgo km"n lj?jf /f]k0f / pBfg lgdf{0fsf] dfkb08 jgfpg s]lGb|o pBfg ;]jf zfvfsf] lhDd]jf/L ;d]t yk u/L ;f] zfvfsf] gfd pBfg ljsf; tyf dfkb08 zfvfsf] ?kdf sfo{ ug{ cfjZos b]lvPsf] . pRr d"Nosf Joj;foLs tyf cGo hl8a'6L v]tL k|ljlwsf] ljsf; u/L hl8j'6L v]tL dfkm{t u/LjL Go"lgs/0f ug{ tyf tL hl8a'6Lx?sf] cg';Gwfg sfo{ ug{ ljleGg xfjfkfgL ;'xfpbf] cg';Gwfg s]Gb|x? :yfkgf ug{ cfjZos ePsf] . sfo{af]em, yk sfo{qmd / lhDd]jf/Lsf nflu yk hgzlQm ;lxt ;+u7g ;+/rgfdf ;d;fdlos kl/jt{g ug{ cfjZos b]lvPsf] . lghfdlt ;]jf P]gsf] bkmf @$3! adf]lhd a9'jf ePsf hgzlQmsf] ;dfof]hgaf6 ;[lht cK7]/f]sf] lg/fss/0f u/L sd{rf/LnfO{ pTk|]l/t u/L j[lt ljsf;nfO{ ;d]t ;'lglZrt u/fpg . jg:klt pBfgx?df xfn d'Vo ?kdf sfo{ ug]{ :yfoL dfnL÷sfdbf/x?sf] ;+Vof cjsfzsf] sf/0fjf6 lbg k|ltlbg 36\b} uO/x]sf] 5 t/ :yfoL kb k"lt{ ug{ gkfOg] cj:yfn] ;du| jg:klt pBfgx?sf] sfddf c;/ k/]sf] 5 . jg:klt pBfgx?sf]] nflu cfjZos dfnLx?nfO{ xfn ;+rflnt sfo{qmdjf6} tnjsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . kmn:j?k sfo{qmdx?jf6 ck]lIft pknlJw xf;Ln ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g\ eg] pBfg leq ul/g] jg:kltx?sf] ;+/If0f, cWoog cg';Gwfg sfo{df ;d]t jfwf k'u]sf] 5 . kof{Kt dfqfdf dfnL gePs} sf/0fjf6 pBfgsf] ;'/Iff / lgodLt ;/;kmfO sfo{df c;/ k/]sf] 5 . t;y{ jg:kltx?sf] ;+/If0f, cWoog cg';Gwfg sfo{df k|efjsf/Ltf Nofpg, zf]egLo km"n lj?jfx? /f]k0f u/L ltgLx?sf] plrt :ofx/ ;+ef/ ug{ Pjd\ pBfgsf] ;f}Gbo{tf cfuGt'ssf] rfxgf cg';f/ j[lå ug{, /fi6«klt ejg, pk/fi6«klt, k|BfgdGqL sfof{nox? df /x]sf pBfgx? klg Joj:yfkg ug{ dfnLx?sf] ;+Vof j[l¢ ug'{kg]{ tyf ;]jf s/f/ ug'{kg]{ ePsf] . jfof]k|:k]lS6Ë tyf Kof6]06 /fO6sf] cfwf/ tof/ ug{ k|:tfljt jfof]nf]lhsn dxfzfvfdf Ps hgf ;x;lrj -k|f=_ / xfn s]lGb|o sfof{nosf] ?kdf /x]sf /fli6«o jg:klt pBfg / /fli6«o xj]{l/od tyf jg:klt k|of]uzfnf uf]bfj/L jLrdf ;dGjosf] sld ePsf]n] jg:kltsf] ;+sng, cWoog, cg';Gwfg tyf ;+/If0f sfo{df k|efjsf/Ltf NofO g]kfn ˆnf]/sf] ;dod} k|sfzgsf] nflu /fli6«o xj]{l/od tyf jg:klt pBfg s]Gb|df klg Ps hgf ;x;lrj -k|f=_ b/jGbL ;[hgf ul/Psf] . jg:klt ljefudf cWoog cg';Gwfgjf6 k|fKt tYof+sx?sf] ljZn]if0f tyf clen]vx?sf] clen]vLs/0fsf] nflu /f=k=t[= >]0fLsf] tYof+s clws[t, jg:klt pBfgx?df ˆnf]/LsNr/ P08 Knf06 lj|l8Ë sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L?kdf sfof{Gjog ug{ s[lif{ ;]jf, jfujfgL ;d"x /f=k=t[= k|f=, jfof]k|:k]lS6Ë tyf Kof6]06 /fO6sf] cfwf/ v8f ug{sf] nflu jfof]nf]lhsn dxfzfvfdf /f=k=t[= >]0fL :jf:Yo ;]jf, kmfd]{;L / /f=k=k|= >]0fL :jf:Yo ;]jf, kmfd]{;L ;d"x, jg:klt÷h8Lj'6Lx?df nfUg] /f]u tyf sL/fx?sf] jf/]df cWoog cg';Gwfg ug{ s[lif{ ;]jf, OG6df]nf]hL / Kofyf]nf]hL ;d"x /f=k=t[= k|f=, ljZj zfGtL h}ljs ljljwtf pBfg, kf]v/f, sf:sLdf Mini Zoo sf] kl/sNkgf ePsf]n] ;xfos kz' lrlsT;s /f=k=t[= k|f= sf] yk b/jGbL ; [hgf ug'{ kg]{ cfjZoQmf b]lvPsf] 5 .  jg:klt pBfgx? / h8Lj'6L cg';Gwfg s]Gb|jf6 ul/g] jg:klt tyf h8Lj'6Lsf] ;j] {If0f, ;+sng, ;+/If0f, cWoog cg';Gwfg , ;dGjodf k|efjsf/Ltf NofO ck]lIft pknlJwx? xfl;n ug{sf] nflu ug'{ k/]sf] ;fy} jt{dfg ;+u7g ;+/rgfdf ;jf/L rfnssf] ; +Vof ckof{Kt /x]sf]n] ;jf/L rfnssf] ;+Vof yk ug'{k/]sf] .  cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw ;Demf}tf, cg'aGw / cGt/f{li6«o d~rdf k]z ePsf k|ltj]bgdf pNn]lvt ljifonfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{sf nflu ;+u7gdf ;fdlos ;'wf/ cfjZos ePsf] .  jg:klt ;|f]tsf] cWoog, cg';Gwfg, ;+/If0f, ;Daw{g Pj+ lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu lgdf{0f, kl/dfh{g ug'{kg]{ P]g, lgod / lgb]{lzsfx? lgDgfg';f/ b]lvPsf 5g\ .. gLlt M o jg:klt gLlt. gofF lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ P]gx? M o jg:klt ;|f]t ljw]os÷lgodfjnL o b'n{e nf]kf]Gd'v / ;+/lIft jGohGt'sf] Jofkf/ lgodg tyf lgoGq0f (CITIES Act_ ljw]os÷lgodfjnL o hl8j'l6 Pj+ u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/ jf]8{ ljw]os÷lgodfjnL o cfg'j+zLs ;|f]t tyf kx'Fr pkof]u / nfesf] jf8kmf8 ljw]os÷lgodfjnL . ;+;f]wg ug'{kg]{ gLlt o hl8j'l6 Pj+ u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/ ljsf; gLlt, @)^!. yk lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ lgb]{lzsf o cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg lgb]{lzsf o ljleGg dfkb08 ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf o sfo{;Dkfbg ;Demf}tf ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf o Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) o ;'rsfÍ ;DaGwL oyfy{ ljj/0f hlgPsf] lgb]{lzsf;du|df jg:klt ljefusf] ;+u7g ;+/rgf / b/aGbLdf ;d;fdlos kl/dfh{gaf6 jg:klt ;Dkbfsf] cWoog cg';Gwfg, ;+/If0f, ;Da4{g / lbuf] pkof]udf ;3fp k'Ug'sf ;fy} jg:kltdf kg] { hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c;/sf] cWoogn] cy{tGq Pj+ hghLjgdf ;sf/fTds k|efj kfg]{ ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . jg:klt ljefusf] b/jGbL t]l/h s|=; kb >]0fL ;]jf ;d"x ljBdf k|:tfljt yk 36 s}lkmot += g! dxflgb]{zs /f=k= k|yd -k| jg af]6fgL ! ! f=_ @ pkdxflgb]{zs /f=k= k|yd -k| jg af]6fgL ! ! f=_ # pkdxflgb]{zs /f=k= k|yd -k| OlGh s]d]i6|L ! ! f=_ $ pkdxflgb]{zs /f=k= k|yd -k| :jf:Yo kmfd]{;L ) ! ! f=_ % j}1flgs clws[t /f=k=lå= -k|f=_ jg af]6fgL ^ & !^ j}1flgs clws[t /f=k=lå= -k|f=_ OlGh s]d]i6|L % %* jl/i7 cf}ifwL Joj:yfks /f=k=lå= -k|f=_ :jf:Yo kmfd]{;L @ # !( pk;lrj -k|zf;g_ /f=k=lå= k|zf;g ;fdfGo k| ! ! zf;g!) zfvf clws[t /f=k= t[= k|zf;g ;fdfGo k| @ ! ! zf;g!! n]vf clws[t /f=k= t[= k|zf;g @ ! !!@ ;xfos j}1flgs clws[t /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ jg af]6fgL !# !! @ cg';Gwfg s]Gb| tyf xaf]{l/od hfg] !# pBfg clws[t /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ jg af]6fgL ! @ !!$ ;xfos jg clws[t /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ jg h=km= ) ! !!% ;xfos j}1flgs clws[t /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ OlGh s]d]i6|L !( !# ^ jg:klt ljefusf ;DalGwt zfvf / k| fs[lts ;Dkbf cg';Gwfgzf nf PsLs[t ul/Psf] .!^ ;xfos j}1flgs clws[t /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ :jf:Yo kmfd]{;L @ $ @!& ;xfos kz' lrlsT;s /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ s[lif e]6g/L ! !!* sDk'6/ clws[t /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ ljljw ! !!( ;xfos j}1flgs clws[t /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ s[lif OlG6df]nf] ) ! ! yk Ps hL@) ;xfos j}1flgs clws[t /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ s[lif Kofyf]nf]h ) ! ! yk Ps L@! tYof+s clws[t /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ cfly{s ) ! ! yk Ps of]hgf@ d]sflgsn OlGhlgo/ /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ OlGh, d]sflgsn ! ! oyfjt @@# cl;:6]G6 af]6flgi6 /f=k=cg+ k|=- jg af]6fgL & !! $ k|f=_@$ ;'k/efOh/ /f=k=cg+ k|=- OlGh, d]sflgsn @ ! ! xaf]{l/oddf k|f=_ hfg]@ ;j OlGhlgo/ /f=k=cg+ k|=- OlGh, d]sflgsn ! ) ! xaf]{l/oddf % k|f=_ hfg]@^ cl;:6]G6 s]ld:6 /f=k=cg+ k|=- OlGh, s]d]i6|L ^ ^ k|f=_@ n]vfkfn /f=k=cg+ k|=- k|zf;g n]vf ! ! & k|=_@* gfoa ;'Aaf /f=k=cg+ k|=- k|zf;g ;fdfGo k| % $ ! k|=_ zf;g@( 6f= gfoa ;'Aaf /f=k=cg+ k|=- k|zf;g ;fdfGo k| # @ ! k|=_ zf;g#) sDk'6/ ck/]6/ /f=k=cg+ k|=- ljljw ! ! k|f=_#! nfOa|]/Log /f=k=cg+ k|=- lzIff k':tfsfno ! ! k|f=_#@ Nofa cl;:6]G6 /f=k=cg+ k|=- OlGh s]d]i6«L ! ) ! k|f=_## Nofa 6]lSgl;og /f=k=cg+ k|=- :jfYo kmfd]{;L ! # @ k|f=_#$ gfoa k|fljlws ;xfos /f=k=cg+ lå= s[lif xl6{sNr/ ! ! -k|f=_#% v/Lbf/ /f=k=cg+ lå|=- k|zf;g ;fdfGo k| @ @ k|=_ zf;g#^ x]8 lkmN8 cl;:6]G6 /f=k=cg+= lå= jg af]6fgL ! @ ! -k|f=_#& cl;:6]G6 Nofa /f=k=cg+= lå= OlGh d]sflgsn ! ) ! xaf]{l/oddf 6]lSgl;og -k|f=_ hfg]#* cl;:6]G6 Nofa /f=k=cg+= lå= OlGh s]d]i6«L ! ) ! 6]lSgl;og -k|f=_#( cl;:6]G6 Nofa /f=k=cg+= lå= jg jf]6fgL ! ! 6]lSgl;og -k|f=_$) kmf]/Dofg s]ldi6«L /f=k=cg+= t[= OlGh s]d]i6«L @ ) @ -k|f=_$! lkmN8 cl;:6]G6 /f=k=cg+= t[= jg af]6fgL ! ! -k|f=_$@ kmf]/Dofg d]sflgsn /f=k=cg+= r= OlGh d]sflgsn @ ! ! -k|f=_$# Nofa jfO{ /f=k=cg+= r= OlGh s]d]i6«L !! !! -k|f=_$$ x]= sfdbf/ /f=k=cg+= jg jf]6fgL @ ! ! kfrf}= tx$% ;jf/L rfns >]0fL ljxLg OlGh d]sflgsn % ^ ! ;]jf s/f/$^ dfnL .sfof{no ;xof]uL >]0fL ljxLg ^* $# @ % hDdf !*^ !%* !* $^/fli6«o xa]{l/od tyf jg:klt pBfg s]Gb|sf] b/jGbL t]l/h s|=;+= kb >]0fL ;]jf ;d"x ljBdf k|:tfljt yk 3 s}lkmot g 6 ! s]Gb| k|dv /f=k= k|yd -k| jg af]6fg ) ! ! /fli6«o xj]{l/od / f=_ L jg:klt pBfg b'O{ sfof{nonfO{ ;dflxt u/]sf] . @ jl/i7 pBfg /f=k=lå=k|f jg ! ! clws[t jf]6fgL # jl/i7 cg';Gwfg /f=k=lå=k|f jg ! ! clws[t jf]6fgL $ jg:klt clws[t /f=k=lå=k|f jg ) @ @ @ j6f yk jf]6fgL pBfgx? - sf:sL, ? kGb]xL / lrtjg_ ;d]t % pBfg clws[t /f=k=t[=k|f= jg # # jf]6fgL ^ jfujfgL clws[t /f=k=t[=k|f= s[lif, xl6{sN ) ! ! r/ & ;xfos kz' lrlsT;s /f=k= t[=-k| s[lif e]6g/L ) ! ! sf:sL f=_ * ;xfos cg';Gwfg /f=k=t[=k|f= jg !* !( ! clws[t jf]6fgL ( ;xfos cg';Gwfg /f=k=t[=k|f= OlGh s]d]i6| ) # # clws[t L !) zfvf clws[t /f=k=t[=k|f= k|zf;g k|zf;g ! ) !!! n]vf clws[t /f=k=t[=k|f= k|zf;g n]vf @ ) @ Vff/]h!@ cl;:6]G6 /f=k=cg+ k|=- jg af]6fg @ @! !( af]6flgi6 k|f=_ L !# cl;:6]G6 s]ld:6 /f=k=cg+ k|=- OlGh, s]d]i6| ) ! ! k|f=_ L !@ n]vfkfn /f=k=cg+ k|=- k|zf;g n]vf ) # # yk ul/Psf] k|_ !# Nofj]l/og /f=k=cg+ k|=- lzIff k':tsfno ) ! ! k|_ !$ gf=k|=;= /f=k=cg+ k|=- s[lif xl6{sN ! ! k|_ r/ !% ;'k/efOh/ /f=k=cg+ k|=- jg af]6fg ! ) ! k|_ L !^ ;j OlGhlgo/ /f=k=cg+ k|=- OlGh, d]sflgs ) ! ! k|_ n !& cl;:6]G6 Nofj /f=k=cg+ k|=- OlGh, d]sflgs ) ! ! 6]lSgl;og k|_ n !* x]8 uf8]{g/ /f=k=cg+ k|=- jg af]6fg ! ) ! k|_ L !( gfoa ;'Aaf /f=k=cg+ k|=- k|zf;g k|zf;g ! ! yk ul/Psf] k|_ @) ;= n]vfkfn /f=k=cg +lå=- k|zf;g n]vf ) ! ! k|_ @! x]8 lkmN8 /f=k=cg+= jg af]6fg * !^ * cl;:6]G6 lå=-k|f=_ L @@ v/Lbf/ /f=k=cg+ lå|=- k|zf;g ;fdfGo ! $ # k|=_ k|zf;g @# KnDa/ /f=k=cg+= lå= OlGh l;ldn ! ) !@$ l;lgo/ d]sflgs /f=k=cg+= lå= OlGh h]=d]= ! ! O= @% lkmN8 cl;i6]6 /f=k=cg+=t[= jg af]6fg # ) # L @^ x]8 sfdbf/ /f=k=cg+= r= jg af]6fg $ ) $ L @& Nofj jfO{ /f=k=cg+= r= OlGh s]d]i6« ) ! ! L @* ;jf/L rfns >]0fL ljxLg OlGh d]sflgs @ & % n @( sfdbf/.dfnL >]0fL ljxLg jg af]6fg @( ^* #( L HfDdf *! !^) (@ !# k|:tfljt lhNnf sfof{nox? tyf hl8a'6L cg';Gwfg s]Gb|x? lhNnf sfof{nox?sf] k|:tfljt b/jGbL t]l/h s| kb >]0fL ;d"x ljBdf k|:tfljt y 36 s}lkmot =; g k += ! jg:klt clws[t /f=k=lå=k|f af]6fgL # # ;fljssf] b/aGbLd f s'g} klg x]/km]/ gul/Psf] . @ ;xfos jg:klt clws[t /f=k=t[=k|f= jf]6fgL * *# ;xfos j}1flgs clws[t /f=k=t[=k|f= s]d]i6|L # $ $ cl;:6]G6 af]6flgi6 /f=k=cg+ k|=- af]6fgL ( ( k|f=_ % cl;:6]G6 s]ld:6 /f=k=cg+ k|=- s]d]i6|L @ # k|f=_ ^ ;'k/efOh/ /f=k=cg+ k|=- d]sflgsn ! ! k|f=_ & gfoa ;'Aaf /f=k=cg+ k|=- k|zf;g @ @ k|_ * v/Lbf/ /f=k=cg+= k|zf;g ! ! lå=-k|=_ ( n]vfkfn /f=k=cg+ k|=- n]vf % % k|_ !) ;xn]vfkfn /f=k=cg+= n]vf @ @ lå=-k|=_ !! x]8 lkmN8 cl;:6]G6 /f=k=cg+= af]6fgL * * lå=-k|f=_ !@ lkmN8 cl;:6]G6 /f=k=cg+= af]6fgL $ $ lå=-k|f=_ !# ;jf/L rfns >]0fL ljxLg d]sflgsn ! ! !$ sfdbf/.dfnL >]0fL ljxLg #^ #^ ;fljssf] b/aGbLd f s'g} klg x]/km]/ gul/Psf] . HfDdf *% *^ cg';Gwfg s]Gb|, l;Gw'kfNrf]s s| kb >]0fL ;]jf ;d"x ljBdf k|:tfljt yk 3 s}lkmot =; g 6 += ! jg:klt clws[t /f=k= lå=-k| jg jf]6fgL ) ! ! f=_ @ ;xfos jg:klt clws[t /f=k=t[=k|f= jg jf]6fgL ) ! ! # ;xfos cg';Gwfg clws[t /f=k=t[=k|f= OlGh s]ldi6«L ) ! ! $ cl;:6]G6 /f=k=cg+ k|=- OlGh S]ldi6«L ) ! ! k|f=_ % cl;:6]G6 af]6flgi6 /f=k=cg+ k|=- jg af]6fgL ) @ @ k|f=_ ^ n]vfkfn /f=k=cg+= k| K|zf;g n]vf ) ! ! =-k|=_ & x]8 lkmN8 cl;:6]G6 /f=k=cg+= jg af]6fgL ) @ @ lå=-k|f=_ * v/Lbf/ /f=k=cg+= lå= K|zf;g ;f= K|zf;g ) ! ! ( ;jf/L rfns >]0fL ljxLg OlGh d]sflgsn ) ! ! !) sfdbf/.dfnL >]0fL ljxLg ) % % hDdf ) !^ !^ cg';Gwfg s]Gb|, df]/ª s| kb >]0fL ;]jf ;d"x ljBdf k|:tfljt yk 3 s}lkmot =; g 6 += ! jg:klt clws[t /f=k= lå=-k| jg jf]6fgL ) ! ! f=_ @ ;xfos jg:klt clws[t /f=k=t[=k|f= jg jf]6fgL ) ! ! # ;xfos cg';Gwfg clws[t /f=k=t[=k|f= OlGh s]ldi6«L ) ! ! $ cl;:6]G6 /f=k=cg+ k|=- OlGh S]ldi6«L ) ! ! k|f=_ % cl;:6]G6 af]6flgi6 /f=k=cg+ k|=- jg af]6fgL ) @ @ k|f=_ ^ n]vfkfn /f=k=cg+= k| k|zf;g n]vf ) ! ! =-k|=_ & x]8 lkmN8 cl;:6]G6 /f=k=cg+= jg af]6fgL ) @ @ lå=-k|f=_ * v/Lbf/ /f=k=cg+= lå= k|zf;g ;f= k|zf;g ) ! ! ( ;jf/L rfns >]0fL ljxLg OlGh d]sflgsn ) ! ! !) sfdbf/.dfnL >]0fL ljxLg ) % % hDdf ) !^ !^ s| kb >]0fL ;]jf ;d"x ljBdf k|:tfljt y 3 s}lkmot =; g k 6 += ! jg:klt clws[t /f=k=lå=k|f jg af]6fgL ) !@ ;xfos jg:klt clws[t /f=k=t[=k|f= jg jf]6fgL ) ## ;xfos kz' lrlsT;s /f=k=t[= k|f= s[lif e]6g/L ) !$ ;xfos cg';Gwfg clws[t /f=k=t[= k|f= OlGh s]d]i6«L ) !% cl;:6]G6 af]6flgi6 /f=k=cg+ k|=- jg af]6fgL ) # k|f=_ * x]8 lkmN8 cl;:6]G6 /f=k=cg+= jg af]6fgL ) # lå=-k|f=_ !) n]vfkfn /f=k=cg+ k|=- k|zf;g n]vf ) ! k|_ !! v/Lbf/ /f=k=cg++= k|zf;g k|zf;g ) ! lå=-k|_ !@ ;jf/L rfns >]0fL ljxLg OlGh d]sflgsn ) ! !# sfdbf/.dfnL >]0fL ljxLg ) !)HfDdf ) @% ljZj zflGt h}ljs ljljwtf pBfg, sf:sL s| kb >]0fL ;]jf ;d"x ljBdf k|:tfljt y 3 s}lkmot =; g k 6 += ! ;xfos jg:klt clws[t /f=k=t[=k|f= jg jf]6fgL ) ! @ cl;:6]G6 af]6flgi6 /f=k=cg+ k|=- jg af]6fgL ) @ k|f=_ # x]8 lkmN8 cl;:6]G6 /f=k=cg+= jg af]6fgL ) @ lå=-k|f=_ $ ;= n]vfkfn /f=k=cg+ lå=- k|zf;g n]vf ) ! k|_ % v/Lbf/ /f=k=cg++= k|zf;g k|zf;g ) ! lå=-k|_ ^ ;jf/L rfns >]0fL ljxLg OlGh d]sflgsn ) ! & sfdbf/.dfnL >]0fL ljxLg ) *HfDdf ) !^ b]j3f6 jg:klt pBfg, lrtjg s| kb >]0fL ;]jf ;d"x ljBdf k|:tfljt y 3 s}lkmot =; g k 6 += ! jg:klt clws[t /f=k=lå=k|f jg af]6fgL ) !@ ;xfos jg:klt clws[t /f=k=t[=k|f= jg jf]6fgL ) @# ;xfos cg';Gwfg clws[t /f=k=t[= k|f= OlGh s]d]i6«L ) !$ cl;:6]G6 af]6flgi6 /f=k=cg+ k|=- jg af]6fgL ) @ k|f=_ % x]8 lkmN8 cl;:6]G6 /f=k=cg+= jg af]6fgL ) @ lå=-k|f=_ ^ n]vfkfn /f=k=cg+ k|=- k|zf;g n]vf ) ! k|_ & v/Lbf/ /f=k=cg++= k|zf;g k|zf;g ) ! lå=-k|_ * ;jf/L rfns >]0fL ljxLg OlGh d]sflgsn ) ! ( sfdbf/.dfnL >]0fL ljxLg ) *HfDdf ) !( /fdflky]s; jg:klt pBfg, ?kGb]xL $=% jg:klt ljefusf] k|:tfljt ;+u7g, dxfzfvf tyf dftxtsf lgsfox?sf] sfo{ljj/0f jg:klt ljefu cGtu{t lgDg lnlvt # j6f dxfzfvfx?, ! j6f s]lGb|o sfof{no, & j6f lhNnf jg:klt sfof{nox?, @ j6f hl8j'6L cg';Gwfg s]Gb|x? / @ j6f xj{n kmfd{x? /x]sf 5g\ . s _ jg:klt ljefudf lgDgfg';f/ dxfzfvf / zfvfx? /xg]5g\ . != cg';Gwfg tyf of]hgf dxfzfvf s_ gLlt tyf of]hgf zfvf v_ cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg zfvf u_ k|rf/ k|;f/ tyf tflnd zfvf3_ h}ljs ljljwtf tyf hnjfo" kl/jt{g zfvfª _ pBfg ljsf; tyf dfkb08 zfvf r_ hl8j'6L ljsf; tyf k|j¢{g zfvf@= k|fs[lts ;Dkbf k|of]uzfnf dxfzfvf s_ Jofkf/ k|j{åg zfvf v_ ;'ulGwt t]n zfvf u_ kmfO6f]s]ldsn zfvf3_ u'0f:t/ lgwf{/0f zfvf ª_ OG:6'«d]G6 zfvf #= jfof]nf]lhsn dxfzfvf s_ dfOs|f]afof]nf]lhsn zfvf v_ kmfdf{sf]nf]hL tyf Plgdn xfp; zfvf u_ kmfdf{sf]Ugf];L tyf afof]k|:k]S6LË zfvf3_ OG6]df]nf]hL tyf KnfG6 Kofyf]nf]hL zfvf$= dxflgb]{zssf] dftxtdf /xg] u/L ljefudf lgDg zfvf /xg] 5 s_ k|zf;g zfvf v_ jg:klt ljefusf] dftxt /fli6«o xj]{l/od tyf jg:klt pBfg s]Gb| gfds Ps s]lGb|o :t/sf] sfof{no /xg]5 . ;f] s]Gb| cGt/ut lgDg zfvf, # pBfgx? /xg] 5g\!_ /fli6«o xj]{l/od tyf jg:klt k|of]uzfnf zfvf@_ /fli6«o jg:klt pBfg zfvf #_ ljZj zflGt h}ljs ljljwtf pBfg, sf:sL#= ! xj{n kmfd{, d'l8s'jf, j8f g+= ^, kj{t#= @ ;'Gb/rf}/ jg:klt pBfg, lvn'Ëb]p/fnL #, :ofËhf$_ b]j3f6 jg:klt pBfg, lrtjg %_ /fdflky]s; jg:klt pBfg, ?kGb]xL u= jg:klt ljefusf] dftxtdf lgDg hl8j'6L cg';Gwfg s]Gb|x? /xg]5g\ M!_ pRr kxf8L hl8j'6L cg';Gwfg s]Gb|, l;Gw'kfNrf]s@_ r'/] tyf pi0f k|b]zLo hl8j'6L cg';Gwfg s]Gb|, df]/ª3= jg:klt ljefusf] dftxtdf lgDg lhNnf sfof{nox? -&_ /xg] 5g\ M s_ lhNnf jg:klt sfof{no, O{nfd v_ lhNnf jg:klt sfof{no, wg'iff u_ lhNnf jg:klt sfof{no, dsjfgk'/3_ lhNnf jg:klt sfof{no, afFs]8_ lhNnf jg:klt sfof{no, ;Nofg r_ lhNnf jg:klt sfof{no, h'Dnf5_ lhNnf jg:klt sfof{no, s}nfnL sfo{ljj/0f dxflgb]{zssf] dftxtdf /xg] u/L ljefudf lgDg zfvf /xg] 5 k|zf;g zfvf ljefu / cGtu{t lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx?sf] lgo'lQm, ;?jf, kb:yfkgf, sfh, cjsfz ;DaGwL sfo{x? ug{],  ljefuLo sf/jfxL ;DaGwL sfo{x? ug]{,  sd{rf/L ;"rgf k|0ffnL (Personnel Information System) cBfjlws / ;f] sf] Joj:yfkg ug]{,  ljefu tyf dftxt lgsfox? cGt/ut ;+rflnt cfof]hgf, kl/of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx?sf] nflu cfjZos c:yfoL b/aGbL :jLs[ltsf] nflu dGqfnodf k]z ug]{]{,  ljefu / cGt/ut sfof{no, OsfO{ tyf cfof]hgfsf nflu dfgj ;+zfwg ljsf; gLlt th'{dfdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg],  cbfnt, clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u, /fli6«o ;ts{tf s]Gb| af6 cfPsf kqx? / hgzlQm Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL sfo{x? ug] { ,  ljefu / cGtu{t dfgj ;+zfwg ljsf; ;DaGwL dfkb08 agfpg],  ljefu tyf dftxtsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] a9'jf, cWoog / c;fwf/0f ljbf :jLs[ltsf] nflu dGqfnodf k]z ug]{,  ljefu tyf dftxtsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg ;DaGwL sfdsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{,  l/Qm kbk"lt{sf nflu dGqfno tyf nf]s ;]jf cfof]udf ;Dks{, ;dGjo tyf dfu kmf/fd nufotsf sfdx? ug]{ .  ljefusf] nflu lhG;L ;fdfgx?sf] vl/b, ;+ro tyf pkof]usf] Joj:yf ug]{,  ljefusf] ;/sf/L ;DklQsf] nut /fVg], ;+/If0f / dd{t ;Def/ ug]{, u/fpg],  lhG;L ;fdfgx?sf] lg/LIf0fsf] Aoa:yf ug]{ u/fpg],  lhG;L ;fdfgx?sf] cfkl"t{ / pkof]u ;DjGwdf ljefusfsf] ljleGg dxfzfvf ,sfof{nox?, zfvf tyf OsfO aLr ;dGjo / ;xhLs/0f ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{,  lhG;L lg/LIf0faf6 lnnfd ug{ l;kmfl/z ePsf lhG;L ;fdfgx? lgodfg';f/ lnnfd ljqmL ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{,  ljefusf sd{rf/Lx?sf] xflh/L, ljbf ;DaGwL clen]v /fVg],  sd{rf/L u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg lgb]{lzsf tyf lghfdtL ;]jf P]g tyf lgodfjnL cg';f/ sd{rf/Lx?sf u'gf;fx? k|fKt u/L ;DalGwt clwsf/L÷ ;ldlt ;dIf k|:t't ug]{ / lgsfzf eP cg';f/ Joj:yfkgdf ;3fpg],  cfGtl/s kfnf] kx/fsf] Joj:yf, ef}lts ;DklQsf] ;'/Iff, ;/;kmfO{, dd{t ;Def/ sfo{sf] Joj:yfkg ug]{,  a}7s, ;df/f]x ;DaGwL sfo{sf] Joj:yfkg ug]{,  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . cfly{s k|zf;g OsfO ljefusf] sfo{qmd / jh]6 th'{df ubf{ rfn' tkm{ ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd th'{df u/L k"FhLut tkm{ jh]6 tyf sfo{qmd tof/ ug{ of]hgf zfvfnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{,  ljefu / cGt/utsf] cfly{s k|zf;g ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{,  ljefusf sd{rf/Lx?sf] lgodfg';f/ tnj eQf, n'uf eQf, b}lgs tyf e|d0f–eQf :jLs[t tyf pknAw ug]{ u/fpg],  ljefusf] jflif{s :jLs[t of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd cg'?ksf] jh]6 lgsf;f lng],  vftf ;~rfng ug]{,  lgsf;f / cfDbfgL k|fKt ug]{ tyf ah]6 vr{ ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg],  ljefu cGtu{tsf sfof{no tyf cfof]hgfx? tyf cfof]hgfx?nfO{ ljlgof]lht /sdsf] clVtof/L lbg k]z ug]{,  ljefu / cGtu{t lgsfox?sf] s]Gb|Lo / sfo{ ;~rfng:t/sf] cfly{s k|zf;g ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{,  cfDbfgL tyf vr{sf] n]vf /fVg] / lgoldt k|ltj]bg ug]{,  ljefusf] cfly{s sf/f]jf/sf] ;DaGwdf /fo k/fdz{ lbg],  ljefudf k|fKt x'g] cfDbfgL tyf vr{sf] cfGtl/s / clGtd n]vf k/LIf0f u/fpg],  a]?h'sf] nut /fvL km5\of}{6 ug]{, u/fpg] tyf ;Dk/LIf0fsf nflu k]z ug]{,  :jLs[t sfo{qmdx?sf] nflu tf]lsPsf] ah]6 s'g} lzif{sdf gk'u ePdf jrt x'g] lzif{saf6 lgodfg';f/ /sdfGt/ ug{ k]z ug]{,  jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f tof/ ug]{,  w/f}6Lsf] n]vf /fVg],  sfg"g adf]lhd c;"n pk/ ug'{kg]{ ;/sf/L gubL, lhG;L c;"n pk/ ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{,  ljefu dftxtsf lgsfox?af6 ;+rfng x'g] :jLs[t sfo{qmdsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] ah]6 /sd sfof{Gjog ug]{ lgsfodf lgsf;f k7fpg],  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . lhG;L OsfO{ ljefusf] nflu lhG;L ;fdfgx?sf] vl/b, ;+ro tyf pkof]usf] Joj:yf ug]{,  ljefusf] ;/sf/L ;DklQsf] nut /fVg], ;+/If0f / dd{t ;Def/ ug]{, u/fpg],  lhG;L ;fdfgx?sf] lg/LIf0fsf] Aoa:yf ug]{ u/fpg],  lhG;L ;fdfgx?sf] cfkl"t{ / pkof]u ;DjGwdf ljefusfsf] ljleGg dxfzfvf ,sfof{nox?, zfvf tyf OsfO aLr ;dGjo / ;xhLs/0f ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{,  lhG;L lg/LIf0faf6 lnnfd ug{ l;kmfl/z ePsf lhG;L ;fdfgx? lgodfg';f/ lnnfd ljqmL ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{,  lhG;L ;fdfgx?sf] >]:tf /fVg] .  ;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof{nosf] ;Dks{ ljGb'sf] sfo{ ug]{,  vl/b Joj:yfkg;+u ;DalGwt hgzlQmsf] ljsf; ;DaGwL sfo{x? ug]{,  dftxt lgsfosf] vl/b Joj:yfkg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg], ;fy} vl/b sfo{sf] cg'udg ug]{,  k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] c;f/ d;fGtdf jif{e/L vl/b ePsf dfn;fdfgx? / vr{ ePsf] /sdsf] km]xl/:t tof/ ug]{,  ;fljs cfly{s jif{sf] km]xl/:tsf] cfwf/df sd{rf/L ;+Vofsf] j[l4÷ Go"gtf÷ d"No j[l4 b/ ;d]t ljrf/ u/L cfufdL cfly{s jif{sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ dfn;fdfgx? / ;f] dfn;fdfgx? vl/b ubf{ nfUg] /sdsf] k|If]k0f u/L vl/b of]hgf lgdf{0f ug] { sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg],  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ .!= cg';Gwfg tyf of]hgf dxfzfvf jg:klt ;|f]tsf] cWoog cg';Gwfg tyf la:tf/sf nflu pko'Qm sfo{qmdx? klxrfg ug]{,  jg:klt ;|f]tsf] cWoog cg';Gwfgjf6 cfPsf glthfx?nfO{ clen]lvs/0f ug]{,  jfg:klts ljljwtf ;DaGwL n]vfhf]vf /fVg] sfo{df ;3fp k'¥ofpg jg:klt ;|f]t ;DaGwL cWoog cg';Gwfgdf k|ToIf ; +nUg /x]sf /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+3, ;+:yf tyf ;DalGwt lgsfox?;+u ;dGjo u/L jg:klt ;|f]tsf] cj:yfjf/] tYofÍ ;+sng ug]{,  hnjfo' kl/jt{g tyf pTkGg c;/x?sf] Go'lgs/0f tkm{ cWoog, cg';Gwfg ug]{,  jg:klt If]q;Fu ;/f]sf/ ePsf] ljifoj:t'x?df gLlt lgdf{0f tyf ljefu;+u ;DalGwt P]g, lgodfjnL / lgb]{lzsfx?df ;+zf]wg, kl/dfh{g ;DalGw sfo{ ug]{,  cfjlws of]hgf, jflif{s jh]6 tyf sfo{qmd tof/ u/L :jLs[tsf nflu dGqfnodf k]z ug]{],  k|To]s jif{ sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 tof/ ug'{ cufl8 ljefudf k"j{ of]hgf th'{df uf]i7L u/L ah]6 Pj+ sfo{qmd th'{dfdf Ps?ktf Pj+ u'0f:t/ sfod ug]{,  ljsf; cfof]hgfsf] ah]6 ;DaGwdf /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u, cy{ dGqfno / jg tyf e";+/If0f dGqfno;+u nflu ;dGjostf{sf] ? kdf sfd ug]{,  :jLs[t jflif{s sfo{qmddf yk cfly{s ef/ gkg]{ u/L sfo{qmd ;+zf]wg Pjd\ :jLs[t u/fO{ ;DalGwt lgsfodf k7fpg],  /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿;Fu ;Dks{ / ;dGjo ug]{ u/fpg],  j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf] nflu k|:tfjx? ;+sng, th'{df tyf k|lqmof k"/f u/L dGqfnodf k]z ug]{,  ljleGg ldq /fi6« tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u ;+:yfsf] ;xof]udf ;+rflnt cfof]hgfx¿ ;DaGwL sfo{x?sf] ;Dks{ / ;dGjo ug] { u/fpg],  jg:klt ;|f]tsf] ;+/If0f, Joj:yfkg, ;b'kof]u ;DaGwL sfo{df cfjZos gLltut lg0f{osf nflu /fo pknAw u/fpg],  ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?;Fu 5nkmn cGt/lqmofaf6 hl8a'6L, ;'ulGwt tyf cf}ifwLhGo k}bfjf/sf] a[xQ/ ljsf; / k|j4{g, Joj:yfkg, ;+/If0f, ;Da4{g / ;b'k|of]u ;lxtsf] gofF of]hgf th'{df ug]{,  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{ ug]{ . s_ gLlt tyf of]hgf zfvf jg:klt ljefu;+u ;/f]sf/ ePsf] ljifoj:t'x?df gLlt, /0fgLlt, sfo{gLlt, th'{df ug]{ tyf ;f] ;DaGwdf ;DfGjo tyf ;xlhs/0f ug]{,  cGo If]q;Fu jflemPsf gLltut Pj+ sfg"gL ljifo j:t'x?sf] klxrfg u/L ;dfwfgsf] nflu cfjZos ;'emfj k]z ug]{,  jg:klt ;|f]t;+u ;DalGwt P]g, lgodfjnL, lgb]{lzsf, sfo{ljlwx?df ;+zf]wg jf gofF agfpg' k/]df cfjZos ;xhLs/0f ug]{,  jg:klt / ;f] ;+u ;DjlGwt cg';Gwfg, ;j]{If0f,] ;+/If0f tyf ;Dj4{g;+u ;DalGwt ljifosf] jflif{s gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] d:of}bf tof/ ug]{,  jg:klt pBfgx?;+u ;DalGwt gLlt tyf of]hgf th'{df ug]{,  jg:klt ;|f]tsf]] ;+/If0f tyf Joj:yfkg ;DjGwdf cfjZos gLltut lg0f{osf nflu /fo dxfzfvfdf k]z ug]{,  jg:klt cg';Gwfg ;DaGwL gLlt tyf of]hgf th'{dfdf ;dGjo Pj+ ;xof]u ug]{,  zx/L pBfg ;DaGwL gLlt tyf sfo{ of]hgf th'{dfdf ;dGjo / ;xof]u ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{,  jg:klt ;|f]t;DaGwdf cWoog ul/Psf tYof+sx?sf] ljZn]if0f u/L of]hgf th'{df u/L dxfzfvfdf k]z ug]{ .  cfjlws of]hgf cg'?ksf jflif{s ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd tof/ ug]{,  sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 ;DaGwdf jg tyf e" ;+/If0f dGqfno, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u Pj+ cy{ dGqfno;+u cfjZos ;Dks{ sfod ug]{,  ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd th'{df ;DaGwdf ljefusf dxfzfvf tyf cGtu{tsf sfof{nox?jf6 /fo, ;'emfj k|fKt ug]{,  ah]6 tyf sfo{qmddf Ps?ktf Pj+ u'0f:t/ sfod ug{ k|To]s jif{ sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 tof/ ug'{ cl3 ljefudf 5nkmn ug]{,  :jLs[t sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjog sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug]{ .  :jLs[t jflif{s sfo{qmddf yk cfly{s ef/ gkg]{ u/L sfo{qmd ;+zf]wg ;DaGwL sfo{sf] p7fg ug]{,  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . v_ cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg zfvf ljefu / cGtu{tsf sfof{nox¿ / kl/of]hgfaf6 ;~rflnt jflif{s sfo{qmd, of]hgf tyf cfof]hgfx¿sf] k"j{lgwf{l/t nIo cg'?k sfof{Gjog eP gePsf] cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ug]{ u/fpg],  ljefu / cGtu{tsf sfof{nox?af6 k|fKt dfl;s, rf}dfl;s, cw{jflif{s, ci6dfl;s / jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bgx¿ dGqfnodf tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq k7fpg] .  rf}dfl;s / jflif{s k|ult ;dLIff / cfjZostf cg';f/ dGqfno :t/Lo ljsf; ;d:of ;dfwfg j}7sdf k]z ug]{,  cg'udg tyf d"NofÍgaf6 b]lvPsf jg:klt If]q;Fu ;DalGwt ljljw kIfsf ;d:ofx? lg/fs/0fsf nflu pko'Qm pkfox¿ l;kmfl/z ug]{ / ;DalGwt lgsfodf hfgsf/L u/fpg],  :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL bft[ ;+3÷;+:yfsf] ;xof]udf ;~rflnt cfof]hgf÷kl/of]hgf, sfo{qmd k"j{ lgwf{l/t nIocg'?k sfof{Gjog eP gePsf] cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ug]{ u/fpg],  :jLs[t sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L 9+un] ;~rfngsf nflu ljefu, If]qLo lgb]{zgfno Pj+ lhNnf:t/Lo sfof{nox?;Fu ;Dks{ / ;dGjo ug]{ .  ljefusf dxfzfvf Pj+ ljefuLo k|d'v;+u cfjZostf cg'?k /fo cfbfg k|bfg ug]{,  cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx?sf] kl/of]hgf k|:tfjsf cfwf/df cg'udg ;"rsx? tof/ ug]{,  ;~rflnt sfo{qmdx? tyf cfof]hgfx?sf] cg'udg ug]{,  dfl;s, lådfl;s, rf}dfl;s, cw{jflif{s, jflif{s tyf cfjZostf cg';f/ ;ldIff j}7sx? ug]{,  cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf cg'udg k|ltj]bgx?sf] ljZn]if0f ug]{,  cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf ljleGg r/0fdf cg'udg u/L cfut, lgu{t, ;do, nfut, k|efj cflbsf] kIfaf6 cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf] d"NofÍg ug]{,  d"NofÍgaf6 k|fKt k[i7kf]if0f ;DalGwt dxfzfvf ÷zfvf ÷sfof{nox?nfO{ pknJw u/fpg],  d"NofÍg k|ltj]bgsf lgrf]8x? sfo{zfnf tyf uf]i7Lx? dfkm{t k|;f/ ug]{,  ljefu / cGt/ut lgsfo÷sfof{nox?af6 cfjZostfg';f/sf cfjlws k|ltj]bgx? k|fKt u/L] Plss[t k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{ / dGqfnodf k7fpg] ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{,  d"Nofªaf6 k|fKt ePsf] glthfnfO{ jflif{s k|ltj]bg k|fKt u/L cfufdL sfo{qmdsf] nflu of]hgf tyf cg';Gwfg dxfzfvfdf k7fpg],  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . u_ k|rf/ k|;f/ tyf tflnd zfvf ;"rgfsf] xs;DaGwL P]g tyf lgodfjnL cg';f/sf] ;"rgf clwsf/Lsf] sfo{df ;xof]u ug{],  ljefu / cGtu{tsf ljleGg dxfzfvf, zfvf, ljefu, cfof]hgf, :f+:yfgsf dxTjk"0f{ 8f6fj]; /fVg], cBfjlws ug]{, cfb]z cg';f/ ;Dk|]if0f ug]{ .  ljefu / cGtu{tsf lgsfo;Fu ;dGjo u/L tYof+sx? k|fKt ug]{, ljZn]if0f ug]{ / cfb]z cg';f/ pkof]u ug]{, tYof+s pkof]u ug{ cGo zfvfdf k7fpg],  jg:klt If]q;Fu ;DjlGwt tyf pkof]uL k':ts, cWoog cg';Gwfgjf6 k|fKt k|ltj]bgx? ;'/lIft /fvL clen]lvs/0f tyf ;b'kof]u ug] { Aoj:yf ug]{,  ljefusf] MIS ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{ ;fy} dxfzfvf leqsf] MIS Component Update u/L ljj/0f cWofjlws ug]{,  dGqfno / laefux?aLr ;"rgf ;+hfn (Information Network) :yfkgf ug]{,  dGqfnojf6 k|fKt tyf ljefuaf6 ePsf lg0f{ox? ;DalGwt zfvf dxfzfvfx?;+u ;dGjo u/L k|fKt ug]{ / clen]vLs/0f ug]{,  dGqfno;+u ;DalGwt / ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf ;"rgf dfu ug{ cfpg] kIfsf lgj]bg u|x0f u/L ;"rgf pknJw u/fpg ldNg] gldNg] ljZn]if0f ug]{ / ;"rgf clwsf/L ;dIf k]z ug]{,  clen]vLs[t ;"rgfx?sf] juL{s/0f u/L uf]Ko /fVg' kg]{ ;"rgfx? k|dfl0ft ug{sf nflu k]z ug]{ / juL{s[t ;"rgfx?sf] 5'6[f5'6[} clen]v /fVg],  ljefusf] k':tsfno Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{, b}lgs uf]/vfkq Pj+ cGo dxTjk"0f{ klqsf, k':ts, kf]i6/ cflbsf] lgoldt ; +sng / clen]vLs/0f ug]{,  dGqfno / cGtu{tsf ljleGg dxfzfvf, zfvf, ljefu, cfof]hgf, :f+:yfgsf dxTjk"0f{ 8f6fj]; cBfjlws ;DaGwL sfo{ .  jg:klt pBfgx?sf] If]qkmn Plsg u/L cBfjlws u/L clen]lvs/0f ug]{ .  zx/L pBfgdf l;kmfl/z ul/Psf k|hfltx?sf] tYofÍ cBfjlws ug]{ .  ljefudf l;kmfl/z e} cfPsf gj k|j]zL sd{rf/Lx?sf nflu cfwf/e"t tflnd k|bfg ug{ cfjZos sfo{qmd th'{df ug{ kxn ug]{,  jg:klt ljefu cGt/utsf hgzlQmsf] nflu tflndsf] Joj:yf ug]{,  jg:klt ljefu ;DaGwL hgzlQmsf] nflu tflndsf] cfjZostf klxrfg u/L ;f] cg'?ksf] tflnd kf7\oqmd lgdf{0f ;DaGwL] sfo{ ug]{,  tflnd ;DaGwL gLlt tyf dfkb08 sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{,  tflnd lnO ;s]sf hgzlQmx?sf] cg'udg ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{,  jg:klt ;DaGwL r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdx? ljleGg dfWodx?af6 k|rf/ k|;f/ ug]{,  jg:klt cg';Gwfgaf6 k|fKt glthfnfO{ ;d'bfo, lhNnf l:yt sfof{nox? / ;/f]sf/jfnfx? ;dIf k'¥ofpg],  jg:klt cg';Gwfgsf] glthfnfO{ tflnddf ;d]t ;dfj]z u/L ;/f]sf/jfnfx? ;dIf k'¥ofpg],  jg:klt ;|f]t ;Dkbf ;DaGwL k|rf/ k|;f/d"ns ;fdfu|L pTkfbg tyf ljt/0f ug]{,  ljefu cGtu{t ;+rf/ ;+hfn :yfkgf tyf lj:tf/ ug]{, ljefuLo Website update ug]{, gofF ;'rgf /fVg],  ljefusf] ;xefuLtfdf ;+rfng x'g] k|bz{gL sfo{qmddf ;dGjo ug]{,  jg:klt ljefusf ;Dk"0f{ sfd sf/jfxLx?nfO{ Psåf/ k|0ffnLsf] cfw'lgs MIS (Management Information System) k|0ffnL nfu" ug]{,  jg:klt ljefusf] cd"No lgwLx?, k|sf;gx?nfO{ l8lh6n k|ljlwdf clen]lvs/0f u/L ;'/lIft ?kdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] ;]jf k|jfx ug]{,  ljefudf /x]sf] k':tsfnosf] Joj:yfkg ug]{,  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ .3_ h}ljs ljljwtf tyf hnjfo" kl/jt{g zfvf  g]kfndf kfO{g] jg:klt ljljwtf ;DaGwL n]vf hf]vf /fVg] .  h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f;+u ;DaGwLt /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o k|ltj4tf cg';f/ sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ ljefuLo lqmofsnfknfO{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg] .  h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f ;Da4{g ;DaGwL hgr]tgf clea[l4 ug]{ .  GTI (Global Taxonomic Initiative) ;+oGqsf] ;lrjfnosf] ?kdf sfd ug]{ .  CITES df ;'lrs[t jg:kltx?sf] cg';"lr cWofjlws ug{ cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{ .  CITES df ;'lrs[t jg:kltx?sf] cg';"lr cWofjlws ug{ l;kmfl/z ug]{ .  jg:kltdf kg]{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL c;/ cWoog, cg';Gwfg ug]{ tyf Go'gLs/0fsf pkfox? klxNofpg] .  hnjfo" kl/jt{gn] Nofpg ;Sg] hf]lvdx?sf] cfsng u/]/ :yfgLo cg's'ngsf pkfox? kQf nufpg] .  h}ljs ;'/Iff -Bio Safety_ ;DalGw sfo{x? ug]{ .  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ .ª_ pBfg ljsf; tyf dfkb08 zfvf l;+xb/jf/ kl/;/ leqsf] dGqfno, ljefusf] kl/z/df /x]sf pBfgx?sf] Joj:yfkg PJf+ ljsf; sfo{ ug]{,  /fi6«klt , pk/fi6«klt sfof{no, ;lj+wfg ;ef ejg, dGqL lgjf;df /x]sf pBfgx?sf] Joj:yfkg PJf+ ljsf; sfo{ ug]{,  /fli6«o kj{x? tyf ;df/f]x?df cfjZos zf]egLo km"n, dfnf, u'R5f, udnf pknAw u/fO{ ;hfj6df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg],  ljleGg ;/sf/L lgsfox?af6 dfu cfP adf]lhd udnf, u'R5f, dfnf cflbsf] Joj:yf ug]{ ;fy} pBfg ljsf;df k|fljlws ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ .  /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o :t/sf clt ljlzi6 kfx'gfx?nfO{ :jfut ;Ddfg ug{sf] nflu cfj:os zf]egLo km"n, dfnf, u'R5f, udnf pknAw u/fpg],  ltj| ?kdf zx/Ls/0f eO{/x]sf 3gf If]qx?df xl/ofnLo'Qm ;f}Gbo{ sfod /fVg pko'Qm zf]egLo jg:kltx?sf] klxrfg / l;kmf/L; ug]{ .  zx/L If]qleq pBfgx?sf] :yfkgf / lj:tf/df k|fljlws ;xof]u k'¥ofpg],  zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf0f{ ljefu, dxfgu/kflnsf, gu/kflnsf h:tf ;/sf/L lgsfox?;Fu ;xsfo{ u/]/ lgdf{0f sfo{x?df pBfg :yfkgf tyf km"n lj?jf /f]k0fsf] dfkb08 cfrf/ ;+lxtfsf] ljsf; ug]{,  zx/L If]qdf j[Iff/f]k0f ul/g] jg:klt k|hfltsf] l;kmfl/; tyf dfkb08 tof/ ug]{,  dfkb08 jdf]lhd lj?jfx? /f]k0f eP gePsf] cg'udg ul/ ;DjlGwt lgsfodf k[i7kf]if0f lbg],  gu/kflnsf, df pBfg ljsf;sf] nflu ;dGjo ug]{,  ljBfno, ljZjljBfnox?df cGo ;+3 ;:yfx?df pBfg ljsf; ;DjlGw hgr]tgf km}nfpg],  Ps gu/ jx' pBfg sfo{qmdnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{,  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . r_ hl8j'6L ljsf; tyf k|j¢{g zfvf  h8Lj'6Lx?sf] dfu, k|of]u / d"Nosf] cfwf/df klxrfg ug]{  cfly{s dxTjsf h8La'6Lx?sf] klxrfg, ;+/If0f tyf ;Djw{g ug]{ tyf h8La'6Lx?sf] 3/]n's/0f, v]tL k|ljlwsf] ljsf; ug]{ .  v]tL k|ljlw ljsf; ePsf pkof]uL h8La'6Lx?sf] k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f ug]{,  g]kfndf kfOg] h8La'6Lx?sf] ;e]{If0f u/L clen]v tof/ ug]{,  dfu eP jdf]lhd ljBfno, sn]h tyf ljZjljBfnox?df hl8j'l6 jfl6sf :yfkgf ug,]{  hl8j'6Lx?df nfUg] /f]ux?sf] jf/]df cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{,  h8Lj'6L;+u ;DjlGwt ;xsf/Lx?sf] ljsf;, lj:tf/ / k|j{wgdf ;xof]u k'/ofpg]  hl8j'6Lsf] v]tL k|ljlw, ;+/If0f ;DjlGw hgr]tgf km}nfpg],  lhNnf sfof{nox?sf] hl8j'6L ;DjlGwcg';Gwfg tyf cGo lqmofsnfkx?sf] clen]lvs/0f ug]{,  jg:klt ljefu tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+u hl8j'6L ljsf;sf nflu ;xsfo{ tyf ;dGjo ug]{,  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ .@= k|fs[lts ;Dkbf k|of]uzfnf dxfzfvf h8Lj'6L tyf ;'ulGwt jg:kltx?sf] /f;folgs tTjx?sf] cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{,  b'n{e jGo hGt' / jg:kltx?sf] cGt/fli6«o dxf;lGw (CITES) sfof{Gjogsf] nflu /f;folgs, jfof]nf]lhsn / OG;6«'d]G6n ljZn]if0f ;]jf k|bfg ug]{,  ;]jfu|fxLn] jg:klthGo kbfy{sf] ;f/tTj b]z jflx/ k7fpg kg]{ eP To:tf] kbfy{sf] k|dfl0fs/0f sfo{ ug]{,  ;'ulGwt t]nsf] cWoog c'g;Gwfg kZrft pko'Qm k|ljlw kfO{n6 :t/df pTkfbg ug{ l;kmfl/; ug]{,  cf}ifwLhGo tyf ;'uGwLt jg:kltx?;+u ;DjlGwt ljleGg z}lIfs ;+:yfx?jf6 k|of]ufTds sIffsf] nflu cg'/f]w eO{ cfPdf k| of]uzfnfdf pknJw ;]jf k|bfg ug]{,  k/Dk/fut 1fg / cEof;x?sf] cfwf/df jfg:klts -cf0f'jf+lzs ;|f]t_ / h}ljs /;fogsf] klxrfg tyf ;f/tTj ljZn]if0f u/L k|ljlw / u'0fx?sf] Patenting tkm{ cl3 a9fpg],  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . s_ Jofkf/ k|j{åg zfvf cf}ifwLhGo tyf ;'ulGwt jg:kltx?jf6 pTkflbt j:t'sf] k/LIf0f tyf ljZn]if0f ;]jf lbg] . cfjZos k/]df o; sfof{nosf] cGo zfvfx?;+u k|fljlws ;Nnfx tyf ;'emfj lnO{ ;dGjo u/L ljZn]if0f ;]jf lbg] .  b'n{e jGo hGt' / jg:kltx?sf] cGt/fli6«o dxf;lGw (CITES) tyf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ljleGg P]g lgodx?, jg:klt hGo kbfy{x?sf] ;f/tTjsf] ljZn]if0f ;]jf lbO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ u/fpgdf ;xof]u ug]{ .  ;]jfu|fxLn] jg:klthGo kbfy{sf] ;f/tTj b]z jflx/ k7fpg kg]{ eP To:tf] kbfy{sf] k|dfl0fs/0fsf] nflu o; sfof{noaf6 lgDg lnlvt sfo{x? ul/G5 . s_ ;]jfu|flxn] ;]jf dfu]sf] :yfgdf uO{ gd'gf ;+sng u/L l;n ug]{ . v_ ;]jfu|flxn] k|of]uzfnfdf cfO{ ;]jf dfu]df gd'gf ;+sng u/L l;n ug]{ . u_ ;+slnt gd'gfx?sf] ljZn]if0f kZrft Report lbg] .  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . v_ ;'ulGwt t]n zfvf ljleGg ;'ulGwt jg:kltx?af6 ;'ulGwt t]n pTkfbg ug]{ .  ;'ulGwt t]nx?sf] Physticochemical Parameters kQf nufpg] .  cWoog c'g;Gwfg kZrft pko'Qm k|ljlw kfO{n6 :t/df ;'ulGwt t]n pTkfbg ug{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ .  cWoogsf glthfx?nfO{ :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL hg{nx?df k|sf;g ug]{ u/fpg] .  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . u_ kmfO6f]s]ldsn zfvf kmfdf{sf]Ugf];L zfvfaf6 k|fKt lj?jfx?sf] ;f/tTj lgsfNg] .  ;f/tTjsf] Phytochemical Screening ug]{ .  Phytochemical Screening kZrft Biologically Active u'0f b]lvPsf] pkof]uL /;fog kQf nufpg] .  pkof]uL /;fogx? ljleGg a}1flgs pks/0f h:t}M TLC, VLC, Column Chromatography, UV, IR, Mass, NMR Spectroscopy sf] d2taf6 5'§ofpg]  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ .3_ u'0f:t/ lgwf{/0f zfvf k/Dk/fut 1fg / cEof;x?sf] cfwf/df jfg:klts -cf0f'jf+lzs ;|f]t_ / h}ljs /;fogsf] klxrfg tyf ;f/tTj ljZn]if0f u/L k|ljlw / u'0fx?sf] Patenting tkm{ cl3 a9fpg],  sfof{nosf cGo zfvfx?af6 Nofa :s]ndf cWoog, cg';Gwfg eO{ l;kmfl/; ePsf k|ljlwx?nfO{ k|j4{g u/L Drug formulation sf] ;'q t}of/ kfg]{,  g]kfndf kfOg] jg:kltx?af6 k|fKt /;fogx?sf] dfqf / ;f/tTjsf] :6f088{ agfpg],  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ .ª_ OG:6'«d]G6 zfvf cg';Gwfg sfo{df cfjZos kg]{ j}1flgs pks/0fsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{,  ljefu / cGtu{tsf sfof{nox? tyf ;+3, ;+:yf tyf JolQmnfO{ cfjZos OG:6'«d]G6 ljZn]if0f ;]jf tyf cfjZostf cg';f/ /;fog k/LIf0f (Qualitative / Quantitative) ;]jf pknAw u/fpg],  GCMS , HPLC, Infrared, Refractive Index, Ultravoilet, Polarimeter, HPTLC / GC ljZn]if0f ;DjlGw OG:6'«d]G6n ;]jfx? k|bfg ug]{ ,  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ .#= afof]nf]lhsn dxfzfvfg]kfndf kfOg] jg:kltx?sf] ;b'kof]usf nflu ;f] ;|f]tx?sf] cf}ifwLhGo tyf cGo u'0f klxrfg u/L ;Defljt pkof]usf] tl/sf ;DjlGw cg';Gwfg ug]{, jfof]k|:k]lS6Ë sfo{sf] nflu k|fs[lts ;Dkbf k|of]uzfnf dxfzfvf / /fli6«o xj]{l/od tyf jg:klt pBfg s]Gb|;Fu ;dGjo tyf ;xsfo{ ug]{, jg:klt ljefu cGtu{tsf ;~rflnt cg';Gwfg sfo{x?jf6 ljsl;t ;j} jg:klt hGo ;f/tTj, gofF kmd{'n]zg, j0f{z+s/, k|hflt cflbsf] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf Intellectual Property Right bfjL ug{ l;kmfl/; ug]{, tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . s_ dfOqmf]jfof]nf]lhsn zfvfg]kfndf kfO{g] h8La'6L tyf cGo jg:kltx?sf] P06LdfOqmf]ljon (Antimicrobial) u'0fx?sf] k/LIf0fsf nflu cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{ . ;"Id hLjf0f'x?sf] ;+qmd0f ;DaGwL k/LIf0f ug]{ . h8Lj'6L tyf cGo jg:klt hGo pTkfbgx?sf] ;"IdhLljo ;+b"ifs k/LIf0f (microbial contaminants analysis) u/L ;f]sf] k|ltj]bg lbg] . tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . v_ afof]k|f]:k]lS6Ë tyf kmfdf{sf]Ugf]zL zfvf ljleGg zfvfx?;+u ;dGjo u/L tL zfvfx?nfO{ cfjZos h8La'6L Pj+ ;'ulGwt t]nhGo lj?jfx? ;+sng ug]{ .  ;+slnt lj?Jffx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ . ;+slnt h8La'6L Museum df ;dfj]z ug]{, ;+slnt jg:kltsf gd"gfx?nfO{ j}1flgs 9fFrfdf n]alnË u/]/ ;fj{hlgs k|bz{gdf /fVg] ljleGg ljZjljBfno, ljBfnoaf6 cfpg] zf]wfyL{ tyf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ ;+slnt gd"gfx? af/] hfgsf/L lbg] .  lj?jfsf] ck|zf]lwt, cw{ k|zf]lwt efux? klxrfg u/L afXo ;]jf lbg], jg:klt ljefu cGtu{tsf ;~rflnt cg';Gwfg sfo{x?jf6 ljsl;t ;j} jg:klt hGo ;f/tTj, gofF kmd{'n]zg, j0f{z+s/, k|hflt cflbsf] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf Patent bfjL ug{ l;kmfl/; ug]{, ;+slnt gd"gfx?sf] af/]df hfgsf/L d"ns k':ts k'l:tsf k|sf;g ug]{, tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . u_ kmfdf{sf]nf]hL tyf Plgdn xfp; zfvf  jg:klthGo cf}ifwLx?sf] k|efj ljleGg hgfj/x?sf] zf/Ll/s k|0ffnLdf x]g]{ .  jg:kltsf ;f/tTjx?sf] k|efj kl/If0f ubf{ ltgLx?sf] ;fO8 Ok]mS6 af/]df cWoog ug]{ .  jg:klt / jg:klthGo ;f/tTjx?sf] sfd / k|efjsf] cfwf/df dfqf lgwf{/0f ug]{  v/fof], lugLlku, d';f tyf dfO;x? kfnL ltgLx?sf] ;+/If0f sfo{ ug]{ .  o; sfo{qmd k|of]hgsf] nflu jg:klthGo cf}ifwLx?sf] k|efj cWoog ug{ dfu adf]lhdsf] hgfj/ pknAw u/fpg] .  afX\o ;+3, ;:yfx?af6 hgfj/ dfu ePdf o; sfof{nosf] gful/s a8fkqdf pNn]v eP cg';f/ hgfj/ pknAw u/fpg] .  kflnPsf hGt'x?sf] k|hgg b/, hLjg rqm cflbsf] af/]df cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{ / k|fKt glthfx?nfO{ :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL hg{nx?df k|sf;g ug]{  jfof]nf]lhsn dxfzfvf cGtu{t /x]sf cGo zfvfx?df ;~rflnt cg';Gwfgsf] cfwf/df gofF cf}ifwLx?sf] kmd{'n]zg ljsf; ug]{,  ljsl;t kmd{'n]zgx?sf] ;DjlGwt zfvfx?sf] ;xsfo{df pkof]u tyf c;/x?sf] cWoog ug]{,  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ .ª_ OG6f]df]nf]hL tyf KnfG6 Kofyf]nf]hL zfvf ljleGg h+unL tyf v]tL ul/Psf jg:kltx?df nfUg] /f]uls/fx?sf] cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{ .  /f]uL lj?jfx?sf] gd'gf ;+sng ug]{ .  /f]ux?sf] klxrfg u/L lg/fs/0f ug]{ tl/sfsf] ljsf; ug]{ .  /f]u nfu]sf lj?jfx?af6 zq'hLj / ldqhLjx?sf] klxrfg u/L cfjZos Joj:yfkg ug]{ .  h8Lj'6L v]tL ubf{ cfOkg]{ ;fdflhs, cfly{s bfloTj cflbsf] n]vfhf]v ug]{ .  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ .$= /fli6«o xa]{l/od tyf jg:klt pBfg s]Gb| g]kfndf ePsf jg:kltx?sf] xj]{l/od gd"gf ;+sng, klxrfg u/L xj]{l/oddf ;+/If0f ug]{,  ;+slnt gd'gfx? ;fy} hLljt jg:kltx? cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L PsLs[t tYofÍ Pj+ ljj/0fx? ;dfj]z u|Gy -g]kfn ˆnf]/f_ k|sfzg ug]{,  xj]{l/od gd"gfx?sf] l8lh6fOh]zg ug]{,  pko'Qm e"–jgf}6 x]/L jg:klt pBfgdf hLljt lj?jfx?sf] ;+sng tyf ;+/If0f ug{],  ljZj zfGtL h}ljs ljljwtf pBfg, sf:sL, /fdflky]s; jg:klt pBfg, ?kGb]xL / b]j3f6 jg:klt pBfg, lrtjgsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{,  cfly{s b[li6sf]0fn] dxTjk"0f{ tyf b'n{e ,nf]kf]Gd'v jg:klt k|hfltx?sf] tGt' k|hgg\ k|f]6f]sn -Tissue culture protocol ) ljsf; ug]{,  k|ljlw ljsf; e} ;s]sf jg:kltx?sf] Pilot scale df pTkfbg tyf ;+/If0f ug{ cg';Gwfg ug]{,  :jb]zL zf]egLo km"n lj?jfx?sf] cWoog, cg';Gwfg ug]{,  :jb]zL zf]egLo km"n lj?jfx?sf] 3/]n's/0f tyf lj:tf/sf k|ljlw ljsf; ug]{,  b'n{e, nf]kf]Gd'v tyf ;+s6fkGg jg:kltx?sf] ljleGg :yfgx?jf6 ;+sng u/L tL jg:klt k|hfltx?sf] ;+/If0f, cWoog cg';Gwfg tyf clen]lvs/0f ug]{,  pBfg leq ljleGg hflt ljif]z pBfgx?sf] ljsf; ug]{,  :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL clt ljlzi6 dxfg'efjx?nfO{ lelecfOkL j[Iff/f]k0f jfl6sfdf j[Iff/f]k0f u/fpgsf] nflu kxn ug]{,  u}/s/ /fhZj kl/dfh{gsf] nflu ljefudf /fo k]z ug]{,  jg:klt cg';Gwfgsf] ljljw ljwfdf cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L k|fKt glthfx? ljleGg k':ts, k'l:tsf, j}1flgs n]v, /rgf cflbsf] ? kdf k|sfzg ug]{,  g]kfnsf jg:kltx? af/] ;"rgf k|jfx ;fy} r]tgf clej[l4 ug]{,  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . k|zf;g OsfO s]Gb| cGt/utsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] lgo'lQm, ;?jf, kb:yfkgf, sfh, cjsfz ;DaGwL sfo{x? ug{],  ljefuLo sf/jfxL ;DaGwL sfo{x? ug{ /fo lbg],  sd{rf/L ;"rgf k|0ffnL (Personnel Information System) cBfjlws / ;f] sf] Joj:yfkg ug]{,  s]Gb| tyf dftxt lgsfox? cGt/ut ;+rflnt cfof]hgf, kl/of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx?sf] nflu cfjZos c:yfoL b/aGbL :jLs[ltsf] nflu dGqfnodf k]z ug]{]{,  s]Gb| cGt/utsf] dfgj ;+zfwg ljsf; gLlt th'{dfdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg],  cbfnt, clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u, /fli6«o ;ts{tf s]Gb|af6 cfPsf kqx? / hgzlQm Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL sfo{x? ug]{ ,  s]Gb| tyf dftxtsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] a9'jf, cWoog / c;fwf/0f ljbf :jLs[ltsf] nflu ljefudf k]z ug]{,  s]Gb| tyf dftxtsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg ;DaGwL sfdsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{,  l/Qm kbk"lt{sf nflu dGqfno tyf nf]s ;]jf cfof]udf ;Dks{, ;dGjo tyf dfu kmf/fd nufotsf sfdx? ug]{ .  sd{rf/Lx?sf] xflh/L, ljbf ;DaGwL clen]v /fVg],  sd{rf/L u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg lgb]{lzsf tyf lghfdtL ;]jf P]g tyf lgodfjnL cg';f/ sd{rf/Lx?sf u'gf;fx? k|fKt u/L ;DalGwt clwsf/L÷ ;ldlt ;dIf k|:t't ug]{ / lgsfzf eP cg';f/ Joj:yfkgdf ;3fpg],  cfGtl/s kfnf] kx/fsf] Joj:yf, ef}lts ;DklQsf] ;'/Iff, ;/;kmfO{, dd{t ;Def/ sfo{sf] Joj:yfkg ug]{,  a}7s, ;df/f]x ;DaGwL sfo{sf] Joj:yfkg ug]{, cfly{s k|zf;g OsfO{  s]Gb|sf] sfo{qmd / jh]6 th'{df ubf{ rfn' tkm{ ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd th'{df u/L k"FhLut tkm{ jh]6 tyf sfo{qmd tof/ ug{ of]hgf zfvfnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{,  s]Gb| / cGt/utsf] cfly{s k|zf;g ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{,  sd{rf/Lx?sf] lgodfg';f/ tnj eQf, n'uf eQf, b}lgs tyf e|d0f–eQf :jLs[t tyf pknAw ug]{ u/fpg],  jflif{s :jLs[t of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd cg'?ksf] jh]6 lgsf;f lng],  vftf ;~rfng ug]{,  lgsf;f / cfDbfgL k|fKt ug]{ tyf ah]6 vr{ ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg],  cGtu{tsf sfof{no tyf cfof]hgfx? tyf cfof]hgfx?nfO{ ljlgof]lht /sdsf] clVtof/L lbg k]z ug]{,  cfDbfgL tyf vr{sf] n]vf /fVg] / lgoldt k|ltj]bg ug]{,  s]Gb|sf] cfly{s sf/f]jf/sf] ;DaGwdf /fo k/fdz{ lbg],  k|fKt x'g] cfDbfgL tyf vr{sf] cfGtl/s / clGtd n]vf k/LIf0f u/fpg],  a]?h'sf] nut /fvL km5\of}{6 ug]{, u/fpg] tyf ;Dk/LIf0fsf nflu k]z ug]{,  jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f tof/ ug]{,  w/f}6Lsf] n]vf /fVg],  :jLs[t sfo{qmdx?sf] nflu tf]lsPsf] ah]6 s'g} lzif{sdf gk'u ePdf jrt x'g] lzif{saf6 lgodfg';f/ /sdfGt/ ug{ k]z ug]{,  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . lhG;L OsfO{  ljefusf] nflu lhG;L ;fdfgx?sf] vl/b, ;+ro tyf pkof]usf] Joj:yf ug]{,  ljefusf] ;/sf/L ;DklQsf] nut /fVg], ;+/If0f / dd{t ;Def/ ug]{, u/fpg],  lhG;L ;fdfgx?sf] lg/LIf0fsf] Aoa:yf ug]{ u/fpg],  lhG;L ;fdfgx?sf] cfkl"t{ / pkof]u ;DjGwdf ljefusfsf] ljleGg dxfzfvf ,sfof{nox?, zfvf tyf OsfO aLr ;dGjo / ;xhLs/0f ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{,  lhG;L lg/LIf0faf6 lnnfd ug{ l;kmfl/z ePsf lhG;L ;fdfgx? lgodfg';f/ lnnfd ljqmL ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{,  sfg"g adf]lhd c;"n pk/ ug'{kg]{ ;/sf/L gubL, lhG;L c;"n pk/ ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{,  s]Gb| dftxtsf lgsfox?af6 ;+rfng x'g] :jLs[t sfo{qmdsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] ah]6 /sd sfof{Gjog ug]{ lgsfodf lgsf;f k7fpg],  lhG;L ;fdfgx?sf] vl/b, ;+ro tyf pkof]usf] Joj:yf ug]{,  ;/sf/L ;DklQsf] nut /fVg], ;+/If0f / dd{t ;Def/ ug]{, u/fpg],  lhG;L ;fdfgx?sf] lg/LIf0fsf] Aoa:yf ug]{ u/fpg],  lhG;L ;fdfgx?sf] cfkl"t{ / pkof]u ;DjGwdf zfvf tyf OsfO aLr ;dGjo / ;xhLs/0f ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{,  lhG;L lg/LIf0faf6 lnnfd ug{ l;kmfl/z ePsf lhG;L ;fdfgx? lgodfg';f/ lnnfd ljqmL ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{,  lhG;L ;fdfgx?sf] >]:tf /fVg] .  jflif{s vl/b of]hgf agfpg] sfo{df ;xof]u ug]{ .  vl/b Joj:yfkg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg], ;fy} vl/b sfo{sf] cg'udg ug]{,  k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] c;f/ d;fGtdf jif{e/L vl/b ePsf dfn;fdfgx? / vr{ ePsf] /sdsf] km]xl/:t tof/ ug]{,  ;fljs cfly{s jif{sf] km]xl/:tsf] cfwf/df sd{rf/L ;+Vofsf] j[l4÷ Go"gtf÷ d"No j[l4 b/ ;d]t ljrf/ u/L cfufdL cfly{s jif{sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ dfn;fdfgx? / ;f] dfn;fdfgx? vl/b ubf{ nfUg] /sdsf] k|If]k0f u/L vl/b of]hgf lgdf{0f ug] { sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg],  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . s_ /fli6«o xj]{l/od tyf jg:klt k|of]uzfnf g]kfnel/sf] jg:klt ;j]{If0f kZrft\ jg:kltsf gd'gfx? ;+sng u/L /fli6«o xa]{l/oddf j}1flgs 9+un] ;+/If0f u/L /fVg] .  jg:klt ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f ;Daw{g ug]{ .  jg:klt ;Dkbfsf] lbuf] pkof]u ub}{ b]z ljsf;df 6]jf k'¥ofpg jg:klt cg';Gwfgsf] ljljw ljwfx?df cWoog cg';Gwfg ug] { .  ;+slnt gd'gfx? ;fy} hLljt jg:kltx? cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L PsLs[t tYofÍ Pj+ ljj/0fx? ;dfj]z u|Gy -g]kfn ˆnf]/f_ k|sfzg ug]{ .  jg:klt cg';Gwfgsf] ljljw ljwfdf cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L k|fKt glthfx? ljleGg k':ts, k'l:tsf, j}1flgs n]v, /rgf cflbsf] ? kdf k|sfzg ug]{ .  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . lqmK6f]u]D; OsfO g]kfndf kfOg] n]p, j|fof]kmfO6, nfOs]g, 6]l/8f]kmfO6 / Rofp tyf 9';L ju{sf jg:kltx?sf] cWoog cg'';Gwfg ug]{  cWoog cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf k|fKt gd"gf ;+sng u/L n]jlnË tyf ;+/If0f ug]{  cg'';Gwfgsf] qmddf k|fKt gofF k|hflt / lgisif{x? /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o hg{nx?df k|sf;g ug]{  n]p, j|fof]kmfO6, nfOs]g, 6]l/8f]kmfO6 / Rofp tyf 9';L ju{sf jg:kltx?sf]] k|of]ux? / ltgLx?n] k'¥ofpg] Jofkfl/s / cfly{s kmfObfx?af/] hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug]{,  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . km]g]/f]u]D; OsfO  g]kfnel/sf] k"mn k"mNg] jg:klt ;j]{If0f u/L jg:kltsf gd'gfx? ;+sng u/L /fli6«o xa]{l/oddf j}1flgs 9+un] ;+/If0f u/L /fVg] .  jg:klt ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f ;Daw{g ug]{ .  jg:klt ;Dkbfsf] lbuf] pkof]u ub}{ b]z ljsf;df 6]jf k'¥ofpg jg:klt cg';Gwfgsf] ljljw ljwfx?df cWoog cg';Gwfg ug] { .  ;+slnt gd'gfx? ;fy} hLljt jg:kltx? cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L PsLs[t tYofÍ Pj+ ljj/0fx? ;dfj]z u|Gy -g]kfn ˆnf]/f_ k|sfzg ug{ ;xof]u k'–ofpg] .  jg:klt cg';Gwfgsf] ljljw ljwfdf cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L k|fKt glthfx? ljleGg k':ts, k'l:tsf, j}1flgs n]v, /rgf cflbsf] ? kdf k|sfzg ug]{ .  ;+slnt jg:kltsf gd'gfx?sf] klxrfg tyf gfdfs/0f ug]{ .  ;+sng u/L /fli6«o xj]{l/odsf] ;+u|xdf /fvLPsf jg:kltsf gd'gfx?sf] :ofxf/ ;+ef/ (Curation) ug]{ .  cWoog cg';Gwfgsf nflu cfjZos ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx? (Literatures and Herbarium Specimens) x?sf] cfbfg k|bfg ug]{ .  km"n km'Ng] ju{sf jg:kltx?sf] cWoog cg';Gwfgsf nflu klxrfg ;DaGwL ;]jf pknAw u/fpg]  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . g]kfn ˆnf]/f OsfO xj]{l/oddf ;+/lIft gd"gfx?sf] l8lh6fOh];g tyf On]S6«f]lgs 8f6fj]; tof/ ug]{,  Jofsnudf ePsf xj]{l/od gd'gfsf] klxrfg, n]jlnË tyf clen]lvs/0f ug]{,  jg:klt ;j]{If0f tyf xj]{l/od gd"gf ;+sngsf] nflu ;DjlGwt ;+:yfx? tyf j}1flgsx? ;+u ;dGjo ug]{,  g]kfn ˆnf]/f;+u ;DjlGwt ljleGg k':ts, k'l:tsf, j}1flgs n]v, /rgf cflbsf] ?kdf k|sfzg ug{ ;xof]u ug]{,  g]kfn ˆnf]/f;+u ;DjlGwt tflndx? ;+rfng ug]{,  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . Pgf6f]dL P08 ;fO6f]nf]hL OsfO g]kfndf /x]sf jg:kltx?sf] sf]ifLo / tGt'x?sf] ;+/rgfsf] af/]df cWoog cg'';Gwfg ug]{ .  klxrfgsf nflu k|fKt x'g cfPsf gd"gfx?nfO{ k|of]uzfnfdf k/LIf0f u/L s'g jg:klt xf] egL lgwf{/0f ug]{ .  ljleGg k|hfltsf jg:kltx?sf sf7sf gd'gfx? ;+sng u/L Pgf6f]dLsf nflu l/km/]G; tof/ ug]{ .  j}1flgs tyf cfly{s b[li6sf]0fn] dxTjk"0f{ tyf b'n{e jg:klt k|hftLx?sf] sf]ifLo ;+/rgf Pj+ j+zf0f' ;DaGwL] cWoog u/L clen]v /fVg] .  ljleGg k|fs[lts tyf s[ltd /;fogx?sf] jg:kltsf] c0f'j+zdf kg{ hfg] c;/x?sf] af/]df cg';Gwfg ug]{  k|fKt glthfx? j}1flgs cg'zGwgfTds hg{nx?df k|sflzt ug]{ . jf]6flgsn ;e]{ tyf Osf]nf]hL OsfO g]kfndf kfOg] ljleGg jfg:klts OsfO{x?sf] kfl/l:yt lj1fg (Ecology) sf] cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{,  g]kfnsf] ljleGg Vegetation Zone cg';f/ jg:klt k|hfltx?sf] ;e]{ u/L clen]vLs/0f ug]{,  ;+slnt df6f] tyf kfgLsf] /f;folgs u'0fsf] ljZn]if0f ug]{,  jg jg:klt / jftfj/0f ;DaGwL cWoog cg';Gwfgsf glthfx?sf] k|sfzg ug,]{  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ .Osf]gf]lds af]6fgL OsfO g]kfndf kfOg] jg:kltx?sf] k/Dk/fut k|of]ux? h:t} cf}ifwL, vfB, /+u cflb h:tfsf] jf/]df cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{ ,  k|fKt glthfx?nfO{ Jofks 5nkmn u/L :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL hg{nx?df k|sfl;t ug,]{  jg:kltx?n] g]kfnL hghfltx? / /fli6«o cy{tGqdf kfg{ ;Sg] cfly{s kIfx?sf] klg cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{ ,  jg:kltx?sf] k/Dk/fut k|of]usf] 1fgnfO{ k|dfl0fs/0f u/L ljZj Jofkf/df kx'Frsf] cWoog ug]{,  jg:kltsf gd'gfx? h:t} M kmn, km"n, h/f, sf08, cflbnfO{ Do"lhoddf Joj:yfkg ug]{,  k':tsfnosf] Joj:yfkg ug]{,  cfuGt's tyf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ hfgsf/L k|bfg ug]{,  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ .;b'kof]u tyf kfOn6 KnfG6 OsfO lgoldt cWoog cg';Gwfgsf] nflu kfO{n6 k/LIf0f ug]{,  k|of]uzfnfdf cWoog tyf cg';Gwfgaf6 ljsf; ePsf] k|ljlwsf] kfO{n6 :s]ndf k/LIf0f ug]{,  h8La'6Lsf] :t/ lgwf{/0f ug]{,  kfO{n6 zfvfsf] k/LIf0faf6 pko'Qm b]lvPsf k|ljlwx?sf] k|:ff/ ug]{,  dfu eP jdf]lhd cf}iflwhGo / t]no'Qm jg:kltsf] k|zf]wg ug]{,  nf}7 ;Nnf nufot cGo h8Lj'6Lx?sf] g;{/L tyf Kn6 Joj:yfkg ug]{,  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . jfof]6]Sgf]nf]hL tyf df]lnSo"n/ Sof/]S6/fOh];g OsfO cfly{s b[li6sf]0fn] dxTjk"0f{ tyf b'n{e ,nf]kf]Gd'v jg:klt k|hfltx?sf] tGt' k|hgg\ k|f]6f]sn -Tissue culture protocol ) ljsf; ug]{,  k|ljlw ljsf; e} ;s]sf jg:kltx?sf] Pilot scale df pTkfbg tyf ;+/If0f ug{ cg';Gwfg ug]{,  jg:klt klxrfgsf] nflu Molecular Characterization and DNA Bar Coding ;DjlGw sfd ug,]{  k|of]uzfnfdf pTkflbt lj?jfx?sf] lkmN8 k/LIf0f ug]{,  lkmN8 k/LIf0fsf] nflu OR5's s[ifsx?nfO{ klg lj?jf pknAw u/fpg],  ljZj kl/j]zdf h]g]l6s OGhLlgol/Ë cflbaf6 ag]sf GMO (Genetically Modified Organisms) sf] h}ljs ;'/Iff ;DaGwL cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{,  h}ljs k|ljlw ;DaGwL tflnd lbg],  h}ljs k|ljlw ;DaGwL hfgsf/L -;"rgf_ pknAw u/fpg]÷lbg]  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . v_ /fli6«o jg:klt pBfg  hLljt jg:kltx? tyf jLpx? ;+sng u/L pBfgdf ;+/If0f u/L /fVg],  Nof08:s]k tyf lyd]l6s uf8]{gsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{,  pBfgdf ;+/If0f ul/Psf jg:klt k|hfltx?sf] clen]lvs/0f ug]{,  b'ne{, nf]kf]Gd'v tyf ;+s6fkGg jg:kltx?sf] ;+sng, ;+/If0f Pjd\ cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{,  cfly{s dxTjsf h8Lj'6Lx?sf] v]tL k|ljlw ljsf; ;DjlGw cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{,  :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL jg:kltx?sf] j+zf0f' ;|f]tsf] ;+/If0f ug]{,  :jb]zL zf]egLo jg:kltx?sf] 3/]n's/0f tyf lj:tf/sf] nflu k|ljlw ljsf; ug]{,  ˆnf]l/sNr/ tyf pBfg ljsf; ;DjlGw tflnd ;+rfng ug]{,  pBfgnfO{ kof{ko{6gsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{,  dfu eP jdf]lhd ljBfno, sn]h, gu/kflnsfdf pBfg ljsf; ug]{ tyf k/fdz{ ;]jf k|bfg ug]{,  jg:klt ;+/If0f tyf ;b'kof]u ;DjlGw hgr]tgf km}nfpg],  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ .Nof08:s]k tyf lyd]l6s uf8]{g OsfO pBfg leq /x]sf ljleGg Nof08:s]k tyf lyd]l6s uf8]{gx?sf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ . h:t} M /s uf8]{g, /f]h uf8]{g, lnnL uf8] {g, sf]/f]g]zg kf]08, cls{8 uf8]{g, cflb .  jg:klt pBfgdf xfn /x]sf lydfl6s uf8]{gx?sf] ;dLIff u/L yk36 ug]{ .  lhNnf l:yt /x]sf jg:klt pBfgx? / cGo ;+3;:yf jf JolQmx?nfO{ cfj:os k/fdz{ lbg] .  ljZjdf k|Voft jg:klt pBfgx?sf] clen]v /fVg] / ltgLx?;Fusf] ;xsfo{sf] kxn ug]{  g]kfndf /x]sf jg:klt pBfgx?nfO{ :t/f]Gglt ug{ cfj:os ef}lts k"jf{wf/x?sf] ljsf; ug]{  /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o :t/sf clt ljlzi6 kfx'gfx?sf] e|d0fsf] cj;/df j[Iff/f]k0fsf] nflu lj?jfx? tof/ ug]{ .  pBfg ljsf; ;DjlGw tflnd, sfo{zfnf, uf]li7 ;+rfng ug]{ .  cfuGt's, cg';Gwfgstf{ tyf ljBfly{x?nfO{ cWoog cg';Gwfgsf nflu jg:kltx?sf] cjnf]sg tyf tt\ ;DaGwLt cGo hfgsf/Lx? pknAw u/fpg] .  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ .Knf06 h]g]l6s l/;f]{; OsfO jg:klt pBfg leq /x]sf ljleGg jg:klt k|hfltx?sf] :j:yfgLo (In-situ) tyf k/:yfgLo (Ex-situ) ?kdf ;+/If0f tyf cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{,  ljleGg k|;f/0f tyf lj:tf/ ljlw (sl6Ë, u|flˆ6Ë, cflb) ¢f/f jg:klt ;|f]tsf] ;+/If0f ug]{,  Green House tyf Shade House df ;dfj]z ul/Psf jg:kltx?sf] tYofÍ tyf clen]v cBfjlws ug]{,  :yfgLo ?kdf pknAw jg:kltx?sf] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{g ug]{,  pBfg leq /x]sf :yfgLo ?kdf pknAw jf]6 lj?jfsf] clen]v tof/ u/L ltgLx?sf] sGh/e];g :6f6;sf] clen]v cBfjlws /fVg,]  g]kfndf kfO{g] b'n{e, :ju[xL tyf ;+s6fkGg lj?jfx?sf] ;+/If0f ug]{,  dxTjk"0f{ :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL jg:kltx?sf] j+zf0f' ;|f]tsf] ;+/If0f ug]{,  ;+/If0fsf nflu ;+slnt jg:kltx?sf] :ofxf/ ;+ef/ tyf tYofÍx? cBfjlws ug]{,  :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL af]6lj?jfx?sf] clen]v cBfjlws u/L ;+/If0f ug{'kg]{ jg:kltx?sf] klxrfg ug]{,  klxrfg ul/Psf jg:klt k|hfltsf aLpx? nfdf] ;do;Dd /fVgsf] nflu jLp a}+ssf] Joj:yfkg ug]{,  jLp a}+sdf /x]sf jg:kltx?sf] pd/0f k/LIf0f u/L cBfjlws ug]{,  cfuGt's, cg';Gwfgstf{ tyf ljBfly{x?nfO{ cWoog cg';Gwfgsf nflu jg:kltx?sf] cjnf]sg tyf tt\ ;DaGwLt cGo hfgsf/Lx? pknAw u/fpg],  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ .ˆnf]/LsNr/ tyf Knf06 lj|l8Ë OsfO :jb]zL zf]egLo km"n lj?jfx?sf] ;j]{If0f, ;+sng tyf klxrfg u/L j}1flgs clen]v tof/ ug]{,  g]kfnsf :yfgLo tyf /}yfg] zf]egLo km"n lj?jfx?sf]] cfg'jf+zLs ;|f]tsf] :j:yfgLo tyf k/:yfgLo ;+/If0f / ;Dj¢{g ug]{,  km"n lj?jfx? pTkfbg u/L xl/t u[x, ljlqm sIf nufot ljleGg :yfgx?df ;hfj6 tyf /f]k0f ug]{,  lkmN8df nufOPsf km"n lj?jfx?sf] j[l4 tyf /f]u ls/fx?sf]] cg'udg u/L tL lj?jfx?nfO{ /f]u / ls/fx?jf6 jrfpg],  zf]elgo km"n lj?jf lj:tf/ k|ljlw tyf gZn ;'wf/sf] cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{,  :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL zf]egLo km"n lj?jfx?sf] 3/]n's/0f tyf lj:tf/s]f nflu k|ljlw ljsf; ug]{,  k'ik v]tL tyf jfujfgL ;DjGwL tflnd, sfo{zfnf, uf]i7Lx? ;+rfng ug]{,  k'ik k|bz{gL cfof]hgf ug]{ tyf k|bz{gLdf efu lng],  cfly{s dxTjsf h8Lj'6Lx?sf] v]tL k|ljlw ljsf; ug]{,  k'ik Joj;foL, s[ifsx? nufot ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+u k'ik ljsf;sf] nflu ;dGjo ug]{,  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ .;"rgf tyf z}lIfs pBfg OsfO g]kfnsf b'n{e tyf nf]kf]Gd'v jg:klt ;|f]tsf] ;+/If0f tyf pkof]lutf ;DjlGw ;"rgf, kmf]6f], j|f];/, cflb ;+sng u/L k|b{zg sIfdf k|rf/ k|;f/ tyf cjnf]sgsf nflu /fVg],  jfg:klts ;"rgf tyf k|bz{gL s]Gb| / OYgf]jf]6flgsn Do"lhod Joj:yfkg ug]{,  jfg:klts ;|f]t tyf pBfg ;+u ;DjlGwt j|f];/, lnkmn]6, Go"h n]6/, cflb k|sfzg ug]{,  z}lIfs pBfg tyf hl8j'6L jfl6sfsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{,  z}lIfs pBfg tyf hl8j'6L jfl6sfdf ePsf jg:kltx?df ;"rgf d"ns hfgsf/Lx? /fVg],  cfuGt'sx?nfO{ jg:klt ;|f]t tyf pBfg ;DjlGw ;"rgf k|jfx ug{],  u}/s/ /fhZj ;+sng ug]{ tyf ;DjlGwt sfof{nodf bflvnf u/L ;f] sf] clen]v tof/ ug]{,  Friends of Botanical Garden÷BGCI÷ Zoo÷ljBfno÷sn]h tyf ;dfg p2]Zo ePsf ;+3 ;+:yfx?;+u ;dGjo u/L jg:klt pBfg Pjd\ ˆnf]l/sNr/ ;DjlGw /rgfTds lqmofsnfkx? ;+rfng ug]{, jg:klt ;+/If0f ;DjlGw hgr]tgf km}nfpgsf] nflu lbj;, ;df/f]xx? ;+rfng ug]{ .  tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . lhNnf sfof{nox?÷hl8j'6L cg';Gwfg s]Gb|÷jg:klt pBfg÷xj{n kmfd{ h8Lj'6Lsf] 3/]n's/0f u/L lhgf]6fOkLs ;'wf/ ug]{ / pGgthftsf] h8Lj'6Lsf] jLp ljhg l;kmfl/z ug]{,  cfkmgf] If]qleq kg]{ :yfgx?df h8La'6L tyf jg:kltsf] ks]6 If]qsf] klxrfg / k|fyldlss/0f ug]{,  jg:kltsf gd'gfx? ;+sng u/L Do"lhod tyf xj]{l/oddf ;+/If0f ug]{,  jg:klt tyf h8La'6Lsf] ljsf; / la:tf/sf nflu Joj;flos of]hgf tof/ ug]{,  jfg:klts ;e]{ tyf ;+sngsf] sfo{ ug]{ ;fy} k/Dk/fut 1fgsf] clen]vLs/0f ug]{ tyf ;f] sf] dfWodaf6 æg]kfn nf]/fÆ k| sfzgdf of]ubfg lbg],  jg:klt klxrfgsf sfo{x? -jfg:klts, cf}iflwo u'0f, u'0f:t/ tyf k|df0fLs/0f _ug]{,  jg:klt cWoog, cg';Gwfgsf sfo{x? (Resources Inventory, Domestication, GACP (WHO, 2003), Molecular Characterisation & Processing Technique, Climate Change Impact, Technology Development & Transfer ) ug]{,  jg:kltx?sf] :j:yflgo tyf k/:yflgo ;+/If0f -In situ & Ex situ Conservation) ug]{,  h8La'6L g;{/L :yfkgf, Joj:yfkg tyf ljh÷j]gf{ pTkfbg ug]{ tyf tflnd ;+rfng ug]{,  h8La'6L÷jg:klt ;"rgf s]Gb| -sIf_ Joj:yfkg ug]{,  :jb]zL zf]egLo km"n lj?jfx?sf] cWoog cg';Gwfg,  h8Lj'6L v]tL k|ljlw ljsf; tyf lj:tf/ ug]{,  h8Lj'6L v]tL, k'ik v]tL tyf pBfg ljsf; ;DjlGw tflnd k|bfg ug]{,  h8Lj'6L;+u ;DjlGwt ;xsf/Lx?sf] ljsf;, lj:tf/ / k|j{wgdf ;xof]u k'/ofpg]  ljefu;+u ;dGjo u/L cg';Gwfg l6dsf] u7g u/L sfof{Gjog ug]{,  ahf/ dWo:ystf{ -Jofkf/L tyf s[ifssf lar_ sf] sfo{ ;d]t ug]{,  Joj:yfkg sfo{ of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog sfo{ljlw cg';f/ sfo{ ;+rfng ug]{,  cfufdL cf=j=sf] k|:tfljt sfo{qmd tyf cg'dflgt nfut -ah]6_ tof/ ug]{,  ;+rflnt sfo{qmdx?sf] cg'udg ug]{,  tf]lsP jdf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . efu % %=! ;+u7g kl/jt{jf6 x'g] ck]lIft pknlJwx? != ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] pknJwtf s'g} klg ;+u7gsf] k|efjsf/L sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] nflu dfgjLo ;+;fwgsf] cltl/Qm cfjZos ef}lts ;+/rgfx?, sfo{ ug]{ pko'Qm jftfj/0f / :jfoQtf h?/L 5 . o;sf] lgldQ k|:tfljt ; +/rgfn] :yflgo ljleGg txdf /x]sf] jg:klt sfof{nox? / jg:klt pBfgx?sf] cfjZos Go"gtd ef}lts ;+/rgf, ;~rf/ / ;jf/L ;fwg, sfo{qmd / ;jf/L ;fwgsf] ;'lgZrttf u/L sfd ug]{ pko'Qm jftfj/0fsf] ;'lgZrttf ePsf] x'g]5 . @= ;'zf;gsf] k|Tofe"lt ljBdfg jg:klt ;|f]tsf] cWoog cg';Gwfg ;+/If0f, clen]lvs/0f, jg:kltdf /x]sf] /f;folgs u'0fsf] k/LIf0f, hl8j'6L v]tL k|ljlw ljsf; tyf pQm k|ljlw s[ifsx?sf] Ifdtf clej[lå ,k| ljlw x:tfGt/0f, hl8j'6L Jofkf/ Joj;fodf k|j{åg u/L jg:klt / hl8j'6L v]tL dfkm{t s[ifsx?sf] hLjg:t/ ;'wfg]{ ;d]tsf lqmofsnfkx?nfO{ ;Djf]wg ug]{ u/L If]q lj:tfsf] ;fy ;fy} ljlwsf] zf;g / sfg"gL /fHosf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ ;du| lj:tfl/t If]qdf cjnDjg x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . #= j[lQ ljsf;sf cj;/x?df clej[l¢ sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;do ;fk]If tflnd tyf k|fKt lhDd]jf/L cg'?ksf] hgzlQm ljsf;sf cj;/x?df cfjZos ;Gt'ng ldnfO Ifdtf clej[l¢ tyf j[lQ ljsf;sf] bfo/f lj:tf/ x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .$= g]kfn ˆnf]/fsf] clen]lvs/0f tyf k|sfzg g]kfndf em08} &))) k|hfltsf jg:kltx? kfOg] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . xfn ;Dd s/Lj %^)) k| hfltsf jg:kltx?sf] dfq ;+sng tyf clen]lvs/0f ePsf] kfOG5 . k|:tfljt ;f+u7lgs ;+/rgfn] klxrfg x'g jf+sL s/Lj !$)) k|hftLsf jg:kltx?sf] clen]lvs/0f x'g] tyf g]kfn ˆnf]/fsf ;Dk"0f{ k|sfzg ;g\ @)@) ;Dd x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . %= hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DjlGw k|ltj¢tf k"/f e} cGt{/fli6«o ljZjf; cfh{g x'g] jg ljgf; / o;jf6 kg{ ;Sg] c;/ / To;sf] b'/ufdL k|efjn] ubf{ jg:kltx?df kg{ uPsf] c;/ / hnjfo' kl/jt{gn] ubf{ jg:kltdf kfg]{ k|efjsf] cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L tL jg:kltnfO{ s] s;/L ;+/If0f ug{ ;lsG5 ;f] sf] lglDt k|:tfljt h}ljs ljljwtf tyf hnjfo" kl/jt{g zfvf :yfkgf eO{ j}1flgs tj/jf6 cWoog cg';Gwfg x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . ^= jg:klt pBfg If]qsf] lj:tf/ e} dgf]jn j[l4 x'g] xfn ljBdfg & lhNnf jg:klt sfof{nox? / !@ j6f jg:klt pBfgx? /x]sf]df yk # j6f jg:klt pBfgx? :yfkgf eO{ /}yfg], b'n{e tyf nf]kf]Gd'v jg:kltx?sf] ;+/If0f tyf cWoog cg';Gwfgdf ;xof]u k'Ug] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . &= cg';Gwfg / ljsf; ljleGg ef}uf]lns If]qdf :yfkgf ug{ k|:tfj ul/Psf @ j6f hl8j'6L cg';Gwfg s]Gb| / xj{n kmfd{x? dfkm{t g]kfn ;/sf/jf6 v]tL k|ljlw cg';Gwfg sfo{sf nflu k|fyldstf k| fKt !@ j6f hl8j'6Lx? / cg';Gwfg / ljsf;sf nflu k|fyldstf k|fKt cfly{s dxTjsf #) hl8j'6Lx?sf] 3/]n's/0f, v]tL k|ljlw cg';Gwfg / ljsf; x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . k|:tfljt ;+u7g tyf Joj:yfkg ;j]{If0fn] jg:kltx?sf] kmfO6f]s]ldsn tyf jfof]nf]lhsn cWoog cg';Gwfgdf hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . To;} u/L jg:klt ;|f]t / tL ;|f]txx?;Fu ;DaGwLt k/Dk/fut 1fg / tTjx?sf] afof]k|f]:k]S6LÍ u/L Kof6]lG6Ë lng] cfwf/x? klg l;h{gf u/]sf] 5 . *= b'n{e nf]kf]Gd'v jg:kltx?sf] ;+/If0f CITES sf] ;"lrdf ;'lrs[t ,jg lgodfjnL @)%#, IUCN Threat Category cg';f/sf b'n{e nf]kf]Gd'v jg:kltx?sf] ;+/If0f sfo{ jg:klt pBfgx?df k/:yfgLo ;+/If0f ljlw dfkm{t ul/g]5 . (= /fi6«klt, pk/fi6«klt, k|wfgdGqL nufot l;+xb/jf/ / cGo ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] pBfg Joj:yfkg k|:tfljt pBfg ljsf; tyf dfkb08 zfvf dfkm{t l;+xb/jf/ kl/if/, /fi6«klt ejg, k|BfgdGqL sfof{no nufot cGo ;/sf/L sfof{nox?df /x]sf pBfgx?sf] Joj:yfkg eO{ xl/ofnL jftfj/0f ;[hgf x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . To;} u/L /fli6«o kj{x? tyf ;df/f]x?df cfjZos zf]egLo km"n, dfnf, u'R5f, udnf pknAw u/fO{ km"n lj?jf ;hfj6df ;xof]u k'Ug] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . !)= h8Lj'6Lsf] lgof{tdf j[l¢ x'g] ;Defjgf ckf/ ;Defjgf jf]s]sf h8Lj'6L / u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/ b]zsf] ;du| / ;dfj]zL ljsf;sf dxTjk"0f{ ;fwgx? x'g . jif]{gL s/Lj * c/j j/fj/sf ljleGg h8Lj'6L / u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/x? ljb]z lgsf;L eO/x]sf] 5 . k|:tfljt ;+u7g ;+/rgfn] pknJw h8Lj'6L / u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/sf] j}1flgs cWoog, lbuf] Joj:yfkg, Joj;flos v]tL tyf jhf/ k|j{¢gsf nflu dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Nb} h8Lj'6Lsf] lgof{tdf j[l¢ x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . k|:tfljt ; +u7g ;+/rgfn] cfly{s dxTj ePsf h8Lj'6L gd'gfx?sf] /f;folgs u'0f:t/ ljZn]if0f u/L 6«]8 ;kf]6{ ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ / h8Lj'6Lsf] Jofkf/ k|j{¢gdf ;d]t ;xof]u k'Ug] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . !!= cfly{s ljsf;df 6]jf cfly{s jif{ @)&).&! df h8Lj'6L v]tL, k|zf]wg tyf pTkfbgjf6 k|ToIf tkm{ @%), ck|ToIf tkm{ #)) /f]huf/L tyf lghL v]tL lj:tf/df ;++nUg % ;o u/L hDdf ! xhf/ %) /f]huf/L ;[hgf ePsf] 5 . ;'uGwLt t]n, xj{n s]o/ / h8Lj'6LhGo kbfy{sf] ljlqmjf6 % s/f]8 (* nfv cfDbfgL ePsf] 5 . -;|f]t Mcfly{s ;j]{If0f @)&).&!, cy{ dGqfno_ jg >f]tdf cfl>t u/Lj, dlxnf, ljkGg, blnt tyf cflbjf;L hghftLx?sf] lhljsf]kfh{g ;'wf/sf nflu Ifdtf clej[l¢ tyf ;zlQms/0f / xl/t /f]huf/Ld"ns sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng e}/x]sf 5g\ . h8Lj'6L v]tL, Ps ufFp Ps pTkfbg tyf cGo ljz]if sfo{qmdsf] dfWodjf6 u|fdL0f If]qdf yk /f]huf/L ;[hgf ug]{ sfo{ e}/x]sf] 5 . pRr d"Nosf jg:klt / h8Lj'6Lx?sf] klxrfg, bLuf] ;+sng, k|ljlw ljsf;, Joj;foLs/0f / jhf/Ls/0f ug{ ;d'bfo tyf gLlh If]qnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/Psf] 5 . jg:klt ljefujf6 ;+rflnt sfo{qmdx? h8Lj'6L ljsf; sfo{qmd, jg:klt ;b'kof]u tyf jhf/Ls/0f / /fi6«klt r'/]] ;+/If0f sfo{qmd dfkm{t ;fj{hlgs tyf gLlh hUufdf s/Lj * %=%! x]= If]qkmndf h8Lj'6L v]tL lj:tf/ ePsf]5 . oL sfo{qmdx? dfkm{t k|ToIf ? kdf @&) ;d'x / @(^% hgf s[ifsx? nfefGjLt ePsf] b]lvG5 -;|f]t M jflif{s k|ltj]bg @)&).&!, jg:klt ljefu_ . To;} u/L !) j6f lgof{thGo ;'uGwLt t]n ePsf h8Lj'6Lx?sf] Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) tof/ e} ;s]sf]n] ;'uGwLt t]nsf] lgof{t k|j{ågdf ;d]t ;xof]u k'u]sf]5 . ljleGg jg:klt pBfgx?df k|j]z z'Ns nufot cGo ;fj{hlgs ljZn]if0f ;]jf lbP jfkt cf=j=@)&).&! df ?= %) nfv &^ xhf/ ()& /fhZj ;+sng ePsf] 5 . k|:t't ;+u7g tyf Joj:yfkg ;j]{If0f sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf] v08df h8Lj'6L v]tL, k|zf]wg, pTkfbg Joj;foLs/0f / jhf/Ls/0f dfkm{t xfnsf] cjZyfdf eGbf bf]Jj/ /f]huf/L >[hgf tyf /fhZj ;+sng eO{ cfly{s ljsf;df ;d]t 6]jf k'Ug] ck]Iff ul/Psf]5 . !@= dfkb08 ljsf; e} Ps?ktf sfod x'g] xfn ljleGg zx/x?df /f]lkg] lj?jfx?sf] :ki6 dfkb08 ljsf; gePsf], hyfefjL lj?jf /f]k]sf] kfOPsf] / gu/ pBfgx? lgdf{0fsf] j]nf ;d]t pko{'Qm dfkb08 ljgf g} lgdf{0f eO/x]sf]n]] k|:tfljt ;+u7g ;+/rgfn] pNn]lvt ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg ug]{5 eGg] ljZjf; ul/Psf] 5 . !#= tGt' k|hgg\ k|f]6f]sn ljsf; x'g] cfly{s b[li6sf]0fn] dxTjk"0f{ tyf b'n{e, nf]kf]Gd'v jg:klt k|hfltx?sf] tGt' k|hgg\ k| f]6f]sn -Tissue culture protocol ) ljsf; x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .!$= CITES df ;'lrs[t jg:kltx?sf] cg';"lr ;DjGwdf CITES df ;'lrs[t jg:kltx?sf cj:yf cWofjlws eO{ tL jg:kltx?sf] cg';"lrdf yk36 ug{sf] nflu l;kmfl/z ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ tL jg:kltx?sf] lkmN8 :6]6; l/Eo" u/L j}1flgs k| ltj]bg k|fKt x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .!%= xj]{l/od gd'gfx?sf] Digitization tyf Electronic database tof/ x'g]/fli6«o xj]{l/od tyf jg:klt k|of]uzfnfdf ;+/lIft ! nfv %) xhf/ xj]{l/odsf gd'gfx?sf] lgoldt ?kdf Joj:yfkg x'g]5 . ;fy} xfn % ;o xj]{l/odsf] Digitization tyf ! xhf/ @ ;o xj]{l/od gd'gfx?sf] Electronic database dfq tof/ ePsf]df k|:tfljt ;+fu7lgs ;+/rgfjf6 ! nfv %) xhf/ xj]{l/odsf gd'gfx?sf] Digitization tyf Electronic database tof/ x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .!^= h8Lj'6L;+u ;DjlGwt ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ljsf;/fHon] ;xsf/L If]qnfO{ /fli6«o ljsf;sf tLg pkfud -;fj{hlgs, lghL / ;xsf/L_ dWo] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ c+u :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 . d'n'sdf ;xsf/Lsf] ljsf; Pjd\ lj:tf/ / k|j{wgsf nflu k|f/DeLs tx b]lv /fli6«o tx ;Ddsf] ;+u7gfTds :j?k lgdf{0f eO;s]sf] 5 . h:sf] sf/0f h8Lj'6Lsf] If]qdf klg ;xsf/L k¢tLjf6 pBf]u Joj;fo ug]{ cfsif{0f j9\b} uPsf] 5 . cfly{s ;j]{If0f, )&)÷&! cg';f/ b]z e/df /x]sf #))*) ;xsf/L ;+:yf dWo] !*# j6f ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? h8Lj'6L;+u ;DjlGwt 5g\ . h:df $@&% hgf k'?if / @#@* hgf dlxnf ;b:ox? /x]sf 5g\ . pNn]lvt h8Lj'6L;+u ;DjlGwt ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] z]o/ k"FhL ?= ! s/f]8 &@ nfv #@ xhf/, lgIf]k ?= ^! Nfv *# xhf/ / nufgL ?= !) s/f]8 &) nfv @ xhf/ /x]sf] 5 . k|:tfljt ;+u7g ;+/rgfn] h8Lj'6L;+u ;DjlGwt ;xsf/Lx?sf] ljsf;, lj:tf/ / k|j{wgdf ;xof]u k'Ug] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . !&= kof{ko{6gdf j[l¢ jg:klt pBfgx? jg:kltsf] ;+/If0f, cWoog cg';Gwfgsf] ;fy ;fy} kof{ko{6g ljsf; ug] { p2]Zon] ;+rfng eO/x]sf x'G5g\ . /fli6«o jg:klt pBfg, uf]bfj/Ldf dfq xfn jflif{s s/Lj # nfv :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL cfuGt'sx?jf6 cjnf]sg e|d0f x'g] ub{5 . ljleGg ef}uf]lns If]q kf]v/f-sf:sL_, j'6jn -?kGb]xL_ / lrtjg -b]j3f6_ df :yfkgf ug{ nfluPsf jg:klt pBfgx?n] klg jflif{s ?kdf s/Lj % nfv :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL cfuGt'sx?nfO{ cfsif{0f ug] { ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 h;jf6 jflif{ s/Lj @ s/f]8 /fhZj ;+sng x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . !*= cGt{/fli6«o ;lGw ;Demf}tf ;DjGwL k|ltjåtf jg:klt ljefusf] sfo{ If]q;+u d]n vfg] /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o ;+3 ;+:yfx?;+u ul/Psf / ug{ nfluPsf låklIfo ;Demf}tf / k|ltjåtf ul/Psf CITES, Biosafety Protocol, Convention on Biological Diversity nufotsf ;GwL ;Demf}tfx?åf/f l;lh{t bfloTj k"/f x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . %=@ efjL lbzf s_ lgs6 eljiodf lgdf{0f x'g uO/x]sf] gofF ;+ljwfgn] /fHo k'g;+{/rgfsf ;Gbe{df lbzflgb]{z to u/]kl5 ;f] cg'?ksf] ;+u7g ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug{ ;d]t xfnsf] o; ;+u7g tyf Joj:yfkg ;j]{If0f -O&M Survey) pkof]uL l;4 x'g]5 . v_ dxfzfvf, zfvf / OsfO{x?sf] d'Vo d'Vo sfo{ ljj/0fsf] ;'rsf+s ;d]t /fvL klxnf] k6s ;"rs ;lxtsf] sfo{ ljj/0f tof/L ul/Psf]n] eljiodf sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;Demf}tf, sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg / cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg ug{ ;xh / pknlJwd"ns x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . u_ O&M k|ltj]bgsf] l;kmfl/z cg';f/ sfod x'g] gofF ;+u7g / b/jGbLsf] nfu" cf=a= @)&@.&# cyf{t kl5Nnf] cf=a= sf] z'?af6 dfq sfof{Gjog NofOg] 5 . cg';"rL ^ @$3! ;dfof]hgsf] qmddf yk tyf vf/]h ePsf b/jGbL ljj/0f s|=; kb >]0fL ;]jf ;d"x gofF vf/]h s}lkmot +=! j}1flgs clws[t /f=k=lå= -k|f=_ jg af]6fgL !@ ;xfos j}1flgs clws[t /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ jg af]6fgL ^ !# d]sflgsn OlGhlgo/ /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ OlGh, d]sflgsn !$ ;"rgf clws[t /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ !% zfvf clws[t /f=k= t[= k|zf;g ;fdfGo k| @ zf;g^ sDk'6/ clws[t /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ ljljw !& n]vf clws[t /f=k= t[= k|zf;g #* ;xfos cg';Gwfg clws[t /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ :jf:Yo kmfd]{;L #( ;j OlGhlgo/ /f=k=cg+ k|=- OlGh, d]sflgsn ! k|f=_!) ;'k/efOh/ /f=k=cg+ k|=- OlGh, d]sflgsn ! @ k|f=_!! 6f= gfoa ;'Aaf /f=k=cg+ k|=- ! k|=_!@ n]vfkfn /f=k=cg+ k|=- k|zf;g n]vf % ! k|=_!# gfoa ;'Aaf /f=k=cg+ k|=- k|zf;g ;fdfGo k| @ ! k|=_ zf;g!$ cl;:6]G6 s]ld:6 /f=k=cg+ k|=- OlGh, s]d]i6|L ! k|f=_!% Nofa cl;:6]G6 /f=k=cg+ k|=- OlGh s]d]i6«L @ k|f=_!^ sDk'6/ ck/]6/ /f=k=cg+ k|=- ljljw ! k|f=_!& cl;:6]G6 af]6flgi6 /f=k=cg+ k|=- jg af]6fgL $ k|f=_!* ;=n]vfkfn /f=k=cg+ lå|=- k|zf;g n]vf @ k|=_ !( l;lgo/ d]sflgS; /f=k=cg+= lå= OlGh h=d]=O= @ -k|f=_@) KnDa/ /f=k=cg+= lå= OlGh l;len @ -k|f=_@! v/bf/ /f=k=cg+ lå|=- k|zf;g ;fdfGO k| @ k|=_ zf;g @& @@ cg';"rL & dxfzfvf, zfvf tyf OsfOsf] ;"rsfÍ ;lxtsf] d'Vo d'Vo sfo{ ljj/0f M– sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍgsf cfwf/x? / sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;Demf}tf ug{ ;"rs ;lxtsf] d'Vo d'Vo sfo{ ljj/0f o; k|sf/ 5 . != cg';Gwfg tyf of]hgf dxfzfvf3_ h}ljs ljljwtf tyf hnjfo" kl/jt{g zfvf qm sfo {ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += != g]kfndf kfO{g] jg:klt ljljwtf ;DaGwL n]vf hf]vf /fVg] @= h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f;+u ;DaGwLt /fli6«o uf]i7L÷cGt/lqmof÷;xef tyf cGt/f{li6«o k|ltj4tf cg';f/ sfo{qmd ;+rfng uL ;+Vof ug{ ljefuLo lqmofsnfknfO{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg] . #= h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f ;Da4{g ;DaGwL hgr]tgf /]l8of]÷l6=eL=÷n]v /rgf clea[l4 ug]{ . ;+Vof $= GTI (Global Taxonomic Initiative) ;+oGqsf] ;lrjfnosf] ?kdf sfd ug]{ . %= CITES df ;'lrs[t jg:kltx?sf] cg';"lr cWofjlws CITES ;'lrs[t jg:kltsf] ; ug{ cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{ . +Vof ^= CITES df ;'lrs[t jg:kltx?sf] cg';"lr cWofjlws k|hflt ;+Vof ug{ l;kmfl/z ug]{ . &= jg:kltdf kg]{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL c;/ cg';Gwfg ;+Vof cWoog, cg';Gwfg ug]{ tyf Go'gLs/0fsf pkfox? klxNofpg] . *= hnjfo" kl/jt{gn] Nofpg ;Sg] hf]lvdx?sf] cg's'n sfo{qmd cfsng u/]/ :yfgLo cg's'ngsf pkfox? kQf :yfg÷If]qkmn nufpg] .ª_ pBfg ljsf; tyf dfkb08 zfvf qm sfo{ ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += != l;+xb/jf/ kl/;/ leqsf] dGqfno, ljefusf] pBfg If]qkmn kl/z/df /x]sf pBfgx?sf] Joj:yfkg PJf+ ljsf; sfo{ ug]{ . @= /fi6«klt , pk/fi6«klt sfof{no, ;lj+wfg ;ef ejg, pBfg If]qkmn dGqL lgjf;df /x]sf pBfgx?sf] Joj:yfkg PJf+ ljsf; sfo{ ug]{ . #= /fli6«o kj{x? tyf ;df/f]x?df cfjZos zf]egLo ;hfj6 ;fdfu|L ;+Vof÷k|lt km"n, dfnf, u'R5f, udnf pknAw u/fO{ ;hfj6df kj{÷;df/f]x ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . $= ljleGg ;/sf/L lgsfox?af6 dfu cfP adf]lhd udnf, ;hfj6 ;fdfu|L pknAw ; u'R5f, dfnf cflbsf] Joj:yf ug]{ ;fy} pBfg +Vof ljsf;df k|fljlws ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ . %= /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o :t/sf clt ljlzi6 kfx'gfx? ;fdfu|L pknAw ;+Vof nfO{ :jfut ;Ddfg ug{sf] nflu cfjZos zf]egLo km"n, dfnf, u'R5f, udnf pknAw u/fpg], ^= ltj| ?kdf zx/Ls/0f eO{/x]sf 3gf If]qx?df pBfg If]qkmn÷:yfg xl/ofnLo'Qm ;f}Gbo{ sfod /fVg pko'Qm zf]egLo jg:kltx?sf] klxrfg / l;kmf/L; ug]{ . &= zx/L If]qleq pBfgx?sf] :yfkgf / lj:tf/df k| fljlws ;xof]u k'¥ofpg],*= zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf0f{ ljefu, dxfgu/kflnsf, BGCI Standard gu/kflnsf h:tf ;/sf/L lgsfox?;Fu ;xsfo{ u/]/ lgdf{0f sfo{x?df pBfg :yfkgf tyf km"n lj? jf /f]k0fsf] dfkb08 cfrf/ ;+lxtfsf] ljsf; ug]{, (= zx/L If]qdf j[Iff/f]k0f ul/g] jg:klt k|hfltsf] jg:klt k|hflt÷ ;+Vof l;kmfl/; tyf dfkb08 tof/ ug]{, !)= dfkb08 jdf]lhd lj?jfx? /f]k0f eP gePsf] cg'udg cg'udg k6s ul/ ;DjlGwt lgsfodf k[i7kf]if0f lbg], !!= gu/kflnsf, df pBfg ljsf;sf] nflu ;dGjo ug]{, !@= ljBfno, ljZjljBfnox?df cGo ;+3 ;:yfx?df pBfg tflnd uf]i7L÷a}7s ljsf; ;DjlGw hgr]tgf km}nfpg], !#= Ps gu/ jx' pBfg sfo{qmdnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug] pBfg If]qkmn÷gu/ {, !$= tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . r_ hl8j'6L ljsf; tyf k|j¢{g zfvf qm sfo{ ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += != h8Lj'6Lx?sf] dfu, k|of]u / d"Nosf] cfwf/df klxrfg Database ug]{ . Volume÷k|hflt ; +Vof qm sfo{ ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += @= cfly{s dxTjsf h8La'6Lx?sf] klxrfg, ;+/If0f tyf ;Djw{g hl8a'6L k|hflt ; ug]{ tyf h8La'6Lx?sf] 3/]n's/0f, v]tL k|ljlwsf] ljsf; ug] +Vof { . #= v]tL k|ljlw ljsf; ePsf pkof]uL h8La'6Lx?sf] k|ljlw k|hflt÷hg;+Vof x:tfGt/0f ug]{, g]kfndf kfOg] h8La'6Lx?sf] ;e]{If0f u/L clen]v tof/ Database ug]{, Volume÷k|hflt ; +Vof $= dfu eP jdf]lhd ljBfno, sn]h tyf ljZjljBfnox?df hl8j'l6 hl8a'6L jfl6sf :yfkgf ug,]{ afl6sf÷k| hflt÷:yfg %= hl8j'6Lx?df nfUg] /f]ux?sf] jf/]df cWoog cg';Gwfg ug] ;+slnt gd'gf ; {, +Vof ^= hl8j'6Lsf] v]tL k|ljlw, ;+/If0f ;DjlGw hgr]tgf km}nfpg], /]l8of], l6=eL=sfo{qm d, n]v /rgf ; +Vof &= lhNnf sfof{nox?sf] hl8j'6L ;DjlGwcg';Gwfg tyf cGo clen]vsf] 8f6f lqmofsnfkx?sf] clen]lvs/0f ug]{, j]z *= jg:klt ljefu tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+u hl8j'6L ljsf;sf nflu ;xsfo{ tyf ;dGjo ug]{, (= tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . @= k|fs[lts ;Dkbf k|of]uzfnf dxfzfvf qm sfo{ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += 1 h8Lj'6L tyf ;'ulGwt jg:kltx?sf] /f;folgs tTjx?sf] /f;folgs tTj = cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{,2 b'n{e jGo hGt' / jg:kltx?sf] cGt/fli6«o dxf;lGw (CITES) ;]jf ;+Vof = sfof{Gjogsf] nflu /f;folgs, jfof]nf]lhsn / OG;6«'d]G6n ljZn]if0f ;]jf k|bfg ug]{, 3 ;]jfu|fxLn] jg:klthGo kbfy{sf] ;f/tTj b]z jflx/ k7fpg k|dfl0fs[t ;f/tTj ;+Vof = kg]{ eP To:tf] kbfy{sf] k|dfl0fs/0f sfo{ ug]{, ÷u'0f:t/ 4 ;'ulGwt t]nsf] cWoog c'g;Gwfg kZrft pko'Qm k|ljlw l;kmfl/; ;+Vof ÷u'0f:t/ = kfO{n6 :t/df pTkfbg ug{ l;kmfl/; ug]{, 5 cf}ifwLhGo tyf ;'uGwLt jg:kltx?;+u ;DjlGwt ljleGg ;]jfu|fxL ;+Vof ÷ ;]jf k|sf/ = z}lIfs ;+:yfx?jf6 k|of]ufTds sIffsf] nflu cg'/f]w ÷u'0f:t/ eO{ cfPdf k|of]uzfnfdf pknJw ;]jf k|bfg ug]{, 6 k/Dk/fut 1fg / cEof;x?sf] cfwf/df jfg:klts clen]v ;+Vof ÷ u'0f:t/ = -cf0f'jf+lzs ;|f]t_ / h}ljs /;fogsf] clen]vg sfo{ 7 klxrfg tyf ;f/tTj ljZn]if0f u/L k|ljlw / u'0fx?sf] Patent application No. = Patenting tkm{ cl3 a9fpg], 8 tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . = s_ Jofkf/ k|j{åg zfvf qm sfo{ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += 1 cf}ifwLhGo tyf ;'ulGwt jg:kltx?jf6 pTkflbt j:t'sf] ljZn]lift ;]jf ;+Vof = k/LIf0f tyf ljZn]if0f ;]jf lbg] . cfjZos k/]df o; sfof{nosf] cGo zfvfx?;+u k|fljlws ;Nnfx tyf ;'emfj lnO{ ;dGjo u/L ljZn]if0f ;]jf lbg] . 2 b'n{e jGo hGt' / jg:kltx?sf] cGt/fli6«o dxf;lGw (CITES) ljZn]lift k|hflt÷;/tTj ; = tyf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ljleGg P]g lgodx?, jg:klt hGo +Vof kbfy{x?sf] ;f/tTjsf] ljZn]if0f ;]jf lbO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ u/fpgdf ;xof]u ug]{ . 3 ;]jfu|fxLn] jg:klthGo kbfy{sf] ;f/tTj b]z jflx/ k7fpg = kg]{ eP To:tf] kbfy{sf] k|dfl0fs/0fsf] nflu o; sfof{noaf6 lgDg lnlvt sfo{x? ul/G5 . qm sfo{ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += s_ ;]jfu|flxn] ;]jf dfu]sf] :yfgdf uO{ gd'gf ;+sng l;n ul/Psf] gd"gf ;+Vof u/L l;n ug]{ . v_ ;]jfu|flxn] k|of]uzfnfdf cfO{ ;]jf dfu]df gd'gf ; l;n ul/Psf] gd"gfsf] ;+Vof +sng u/L l;n ug]{ . u_ ;+slnt gd'gfx?sf] ljZn]if0f kZrft Report lbg] . k|ltj]bgsf] u'0f:t/÷l;kmfl/; ;+Vof 4 tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . = v_ ;'ulGwt t]n zfvf qm sfo{ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += 1 ljleGg ;'ulGwt jg:kltx?af6 ;'ulGwt t]n pTkfbg ug]{ . k|hflt ;+Vof ÷t]n u'0f:t/ =2 ;'ulGwt t]nx?sf] Physticochemical Parameters kQf nufpg] . Parameter ;+Vof =3 cWoog c'g;Gwfg kZrft pko'Qm k|ljlw kfO{n6 l;kmfl/; k|hflt ;+Vof = :t/df ;'ulGwt t]n pTkfbg ug{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ .4 cWoogsf glthfx?nfO{ :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL hg{nx?df k| Journal article/impact = sf;g ug]{ u/fpg] . factor 5 tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . = u_ kmfO6f]s]ldsn zfvf qm sfo{ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += 1 kmfdf{sf]Ugf];L zfvfaf6 k|fKt lj?jfx?sf] ;f/tTj k|hflt ;+Vof = lgsfNg] . 2 ;f/tTjsf] Phytochemical Screening ug]{ . ;f/tTj ;+Vof =3 pkof]uL /;fogx? ljleGg a}1flgs pks/0f h:t}M TLC, VLC, Number and quality of = Column Chromatography, UV, IR, Mass, NMR Spectroscopy sf] active ingredients d2taf6 5'§ofpg] 4 tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . =3_ u'0f:t/ lgwf{/0f zfvf qm sfo{ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += 1 k/Dk/fut 1fg / cEof;x?sf] cfwf/df jfg:klts = -cf0f'jf+lzs ;|f]t_ / h}ljs /;fogsf] s_ klxrfg tyf ;f/tTj ljZn]if0f u/L k|ljlw / u'0fx?sf] Patent application / qm sfo{ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += Patenting tkm{ cl3 a9fpg], Patent No. v_ sfof{nosf cGo zfvfx?af6 Nofa :s]ndf cWoog, Formulation ;+Vof cg';Gwfg eO{ l;kmfl/; ePsf k|ljlwx?nfO{ k|j{4g u/L Drug formulation sf] ;'q t}of/ kfg]{, u_ g]kfndf kfOg] jg:kltx?af6 k|fKt /;fogx?sf] dfqf / Validated Standard ;f/tTjsf] :6f088{ agfpg], numberª_ OG:6'«d]G6 zfvf qm sfo{ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += 2 cg';Gwfg sfo{df cfjZos kg]{ j}1flgs pks/0fsf] = Joj:yfkg ug]{, 3 ljefu / cGtu{tsf sfof{nox? tyf ;+3, ;+:yf tyf k/LIf0f ul/Psf] gd"gf ; = JolQmnfO{ cfjZos OG:6'«d]G6 ljZn]if0f ;]jf tyf +Vof tyf l/kf]6{ ;+Vof cfjZostf cg';f/ /;fog k/LIf0f (Qualitative / Quantitative) ;]jf pknAw u/fpg], 4 b]xfo jdf]lhdsf OG:6'«d]G6n ;]jfx? k|bfg ug]{ k/LIf0f ul/Psf] gd"gf ; = +Vof tyf l/kf]6{ ;+Vof . GCMS ljZn]if0f . HPLC ljZn]if0f ;]jf . Infrared ljZn]if0f ;]jf . Refractive Index ;]jf . Ultravoilet ljZn]if0f ;]jf . Polarimeter ;]jf . HPTLC ;]jf . GC ;]jf 5 tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . =#= jfof]nf]lhsn dxfzfvf qm sfo{ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += 1 g]kfndf kfOg] jg:kltx?sf] ;b'kof]usf nflu ;f] ;|f]tx?sf] cg';Gwfg sfo{qmd ;+Vof = cf}ifwLhGo tyf cGo u'0f klxrfg u/L ;Defljt pkof]usf] tl/sf ;DjlGw cg';Gwfg ug]{, 2 jfof]k|:k]lS6Ë sfo{sf] nflu k|fs[lts ;Dkbf k|of]uzfnf = dxfzfvf / /fli6«o xj]{l/od tyf jg:klt pBfg s]Gb|;Fu ;dGjo tyf ;xsfo{ ug]{, 3 jg:klt ljefu cGtu{tsf ;~rflnt cg';Gwfg sfo{x?jf6 Patent application / = ljsl;t ;j} jg:klt hGo ;f/tTj, gofF kmd{'n]zg, j0f{z+s/, Patent No. k|hflt cflbsf] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf Patent/Intellectual Property Right bfjL ug{ k|s[of rnfpg]]{, 4 tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . = s_ dfOqmf]jfof]nf]lhsn zfvf qm sfo{ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += 1 g]kfndf kfO{g] h8La'6L tyf cGo jg:kltx?sf] k/LIf0f ul/Psf] gd"gf ; = P06LdfOqmf]ljon (Antimicrobial) u'0fx?sf] k/LIf0fsf +Vof nflu cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{ . 2 ;"Id hLjf0f'x?sf] ;+qmd0f ;DaGwL k/LIf0f ug]{ . k/LIf0f ul/Psf] gd"gf ; = +Vof 3 h8Lj'6L tyf cGo jg:klt hGo pTkfbgx?sf] ;"IdhLljo ; k/LIf0f ul/Psf] gd"gf ; = +b"ifs k/LIf0f (microbial contaminants analysis) u/L ;f]sf] +Vof k|ltj]bg lbg] . 4 tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . = v_ jfof]k|f]:k]lS6Ë tyf kmfdf{sf]Ugf]zL zfvf qm sfo{ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += 1 ljleGg zfvfx?;+u ;dGjo u/L tL zfvfx?nfO{ cfjZos k/LIf0f ul/Psf] gd"gf ; = h8La'6L Pj+ ;'ulGwt t]nhGo lj?jfx? ;+sng ug]{ . +Vof 2 ;+slnt lj?Jffx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ . k/LIf0f ul/Psf] gd"gf ; = +Vof 3 ;+slnt h8La'6L Museum df ;dfj]z ug]{, k/LIf0f ul/Psf] gd"gf ; = +Vof 4 ;+slnt jg:kltsf gd"gfx?nfO{ j}1flgs 9fFrfdf n]alnË k|hflt ;+Vof = u/]/ ;fj{hlgs k|bz{gdf /fVg] qm sfo{ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += 5 ljleGg ljZjljBfno, ljBfnoaf6 cfpg] zf]wfyL{ tyf ;]jfu|fxL ;+Vof = ljBfyL{x?nfO{ ;+slnt gd"gfx? af/] hfgsf/L lbg] . 6 lj?jfsf] ck|zf]lwt, cw{ k|zf]lwt efux? klxrfg u/L ;]jfu|fxL ;+Vof ÷ gd"gf ; = afXo ;]jf lbg], +Vof7 ;+slnt gd"gfx?sf] af/]df hfgsf/L d"ns k':ts k'l:tsf k| k|sf;g ;+Vof ÷k|sf/ = sf;g ug]{, ÷u'0f:t/ 8 jg:klt ljefu cGtu{tsf ;~rflnt cg';Gwfg sfo{x?jf6 Patent application / = ljsl;t ;j} jg:klt hGo ;f/tTj, gofF kmd{'n]zg, j0f{z+s/, Patent No. k|hflt cflbsf] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf Patent bfjL ug Patent/Intellectual Property Right bfjL ug{ k|s[of rnfpg], 9 tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . = u_ kmfdf{sf]nf]hL tyf Plgdn xfp; zfvf qm sfo{ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += 1 jg:klthGo cf}ifwLx?sf] k|efj ljleGg hgfj/x?sf] zf/Ll/s zf]w ;+Vof = k|0ffnLdf x]g]{ . 2 jg:kltsf ;f/tTjx?sf] k|efj kl/If0f ubf{ ltgLx?sf] ;fO8 zf]w ;+Vof = Ok]mS6 af/]df cWoog ug]{ . 3 jg:klt / jg:klthGo ;f/tTjx?sf] sfd / k|efjsf] cfwf/df dfqf Formulation/product = lgwf{/0f ug]{ . 4 k|fKt glthfx? :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL hg{nx?df k|sflzt ug]{ . Journal article/Impact = factor 5 v/fof], lugLlku, d';f tyf dfO;x? kfnL ltgLx?sf] ;+/If0f k|hflt ÷;+Vof = sfo{ ug]{ . 6 o; sfo{qmd k|of]hgsf] nflu jg:klthGo cf}ifwLx?sf] k| pknJw ;+Vof = efj cWoog ug{ dfu adf]lhdsf] hgfj/ pknAw u/fpg] . 7 afX\o ;+3, ;:yfx?af6 hgfj/ dfu ePdf o; sfof{nosf] pknJw ;+Vof = gful/s a8fkqdf pNn]v eP cg';f/ hgfj/ pknAw u/fpg] . 8 kflnPsf hGt'x?sf] k|hgg b/, hLjg rqm cflbsf] af/]df Journal article/Impact = cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{ / k|fKt glthfx?nfO{ :jb]zL tyf factor ljb]zL hg{nx?df k|sf;g ug]{ . 9 jfof]nf]lhsn dxfzfvf cGtu{t /x]sf cGo zfvfx?df ;~rflnt Formulation ;+Vof = cg';Gwfgsf] cfwf/df gofF cf}ifwLx?sf] kmd{'n]zg ljsf; ug]{ . 1 ljsl;t kmd{'n]zgx?sf] ;DjlGwt zfvfx?sf] ;xsfo{df Formulation ;+Vof 0 = pkof]u tyf c;/x?sf] cWoog ug]{ .1 tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . 1 =ª_ OG6f]df]nf]hL tyf KnfG6 Kofyf]nf]hL zfvf qm sfo{ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += 1 ljleGg h+unL tyf v]tL ul/Psf jg:kltx?df nfUg] zf]w ;+Vof = /f]uls/fx?sf] cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{ . 2 /f]uL lj?jfx?sf] gd'gf ;+sng ug]{ . ;+slnt gd"gf ;+Vof =3 /f]ux?sf] klxrfg u/L lg/fs/0f ug]{ tl/sfsf] ljsf; ug]{ . /f]ux?sf] Database =4 /f]u nfu]sf lj?jfx?af6 zq'hLj / ldqhLjx?sf] klxrfg u/L zq'hLj / ldqhLjsf] ;"rL = cfjZos Joj:yfkg ug]{ . 5 h8Lj'6L v]tL ubf{ cfOkg]{ ;fdflhs, cfly{s bfloTj = cflbsf] n]vfhf]v ug]{ . 6 tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . =$= /fli6«o xj]{l/od tyf jg:klt pBfg s]Gb| qm sfo{ ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += != g]kfndf ePsf jg:kltx?sf] xj]{l/od gd"gf ;+sng, klxrfg u/L xj]{l/oddf ;+/If0f ug]{, @= ;+slnt gd'gfx? ;fy} hLljt jg:kltx? cWoog cg';Gwfg k|sflzt u/L PsLs[t tYofÍ Pj+ ljj/0fx? ;dfj]z u|Gy -g]kfn Volume÷jfg:klts ˆnf]/f_ k|sfzg ug]{, kl/jf/ #= xj]{l/od gd"gfx?sf] l8lh6fOh]zg ug]{, $= pko'Qm e"–jgf}6 x]/L jg:klt pBfgdf hLljt lj?jfx?sf] ; ;+slnt lj?jf k|hflt +sng tyf ;+/If0f ug{], %= cfly{s b[li6sf]0fn] dxTjk"0f{ tyf b'n{e ,nf]kf]Gd'v k|hflt ;+Vof jg:klt k|hfltx?sf] tGt' k|hgg\ k|f]6f]sn -Tissue culture protocol ) ljsf; ug]{, ^= k|ljlw ljsf; e} ;s]sf jg:kltx?sf] Pilot scale df pTkfbg tyf ; k|hflt ;+Vof ÷ +/If0f ug{ cg';Gwfg ug]{, Survival Rate &= :jb]zL zf]egLo km"n lj?jfx?sf] cWoog, cg';Gwfg ug] k|hflt ;+Vof {, *= :jb]zL zf]egLo km"n lj?jfx?sf] 3/]n's/0f tyf lj:tf/sf k| k|hflt ;+Vof ÷ ljlw ljsf; ug]{, Survival Rate (= b'n{e, nf]kf]Gd'v tyf ;+s6fkGg jg:kltx?sf] ljleGg ;+/lIft k|hflt ; :yfgx?jf6 ;+sng u/L tL jg:klt k|hfltx?sf] ;+/If0f, +Vof cWoog cg';Gwfg tyf clen]lvs/0f ug]{, !)= pBfg leq ljleGg hflt ljif]z pBfgx?sf] ljsf; ug]{, k|hflt ; +Vof÷pBfg If]qkmn !!= :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL clt ljlzi6 dxfg'efjx?nfO{ lelecfOkL j[Iff/f]k0f ;+Vof j[Iff/f]k0f jfl6sfdf j[Iff/f]k0f u/fpgsf] nflu kxn ug]{, !@= u}/s/ /fhZj kl/dfh{gsf] nflu ljefudf /fo k]z ug]{, !#= jg:klt cg';Gwfgsf] ljljw ljwfdf cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L n]v, /rgf, k':ts k| k|fKt glthfx? ljleGg k':ts, k'l:tsf, j}1flgs n]v, /rgf sfzg ;+Vof cflbsf] ?kdf k|sfzg ug]{, !$= g]kfnsf jg:kltx? af/] ;"rgf k|jfx ;fy} r]tgf clej[l4 ug]{, n]v, /rgf, /]l8of], l6=eL= sfo{qmd ! tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . %= v_ /fli6«o xj]{l/od tyf jg:klt k|of]uzfnf qm sfo{ ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += != g]kfnel/sf] jg:klt ;j]{If0f kZrft\ jg:kltsf gd'gfx? ;+sng ;+/lIft gd"gf ; u/L /fli6«o xa]{l/oddf j}1flgs 9+un] ;+/If0f u/L /fVg] +Vof . @= jg:klt ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f ;Daw{g ug]{ . k|hflt ;+Vof #= jg:klt ;Dkbfsf] lbuf] pkof]u ub}{ b]z ljsf;df 6]jf zf]w ;+Vof ÷ k'¥ofpg jg:klt cg';Gwfgsf] ljljw ljwfx?df cWoog u'0f:t/ cg';Gwfg ug]{ . $= ;+slnt gd'gfx? ;fy} hLljt jg:kltx? cWoog cg';Gwfg k|sflzt u/L PsLs[t tYofÍ Pj+ ljj/0fx? ;dfj]z u|Gy -g]kfn ef]nd÷jg:klt ˆnf]/f_ k|sfzg ug]{ . kl/jf/ ;+Vof %= jg:klt cg';Gwfgsf] ljljw ljwfdf cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L k|sflzt ;+Vof k|fKt glthfx? ljleGg k':ts, k'l:tsf, j}1flgs n]v, /rgf cflbsf] ?kdf k|sfzg ug]{ . ^= tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . km]g]/f]u]D; OsfO qm sfo{ ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += != g]kfnel/sf] lhDgf];{kd nufot k"mn k"mNg] jg:klt ;j] ;+/lIft gd"gf ; {If0f u/L jg:kltsf gd'gfx? ;+sng u/L /fli6«o xa]{l/oddf +Vof j}1flgs 9+un] ;+/If0f u/L /fVg] . @= jg:klt ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f ;Daw{g ug]{ . k|hflt ;+Vof #= jg:klt ;Dkbfsf] lbuf] pkof]u ub}{ b]z ljsf;df 6]jf zf]w ;+Vof ÷ k'¥ofpg jg:klt cg';Gwfgsf] ljljw ljwfx?df cWoog u'0f:t/ cg';Gwfg ug]{ . $= ;+slnt gd'gfx? ;fy} hLljt jg:kltx? cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L k|sflzt PsLs[t tYofÍ Pj+ ljj/0fx? ;dfj]z u|Gy -g]kfn ˆnf]/f_ k| ef]nd÷jg:klt sfzg ug{ ;xof]u k'–ofpg] . kl/jf/ ;+Vof %= jg:klt cg';Gwfgsf] ljljw ljwfdf cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L k| k|sflzt ;+Vof fKt glthfx? ljleGg k':ts, k'l:tsf, j}1flgs n]v, /rgf cflbsf] ?kdf k|sfzg ug]{ . ^= ;+slnt jg:kltsf gd'gfx?sf] klxrfg tyf gfdfs/0f ug]{ . k|hflt ;+Vof &= ;+sng u/L /fli6«o xj]{l/odsf] ;+u|xdf /fvLPsf jg:kltsf gd'gf ;+Vof gd'gfx?sf] :ofxf/ ;+ef/ (Curation) ug]{ . *= cWoog cg';Gwfgsf nflu cfjZos ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx? (Literatures and Herbarium Specimens) x?sf] cfbfg k|bfg ug]{ . (= km"n km'Ng] ju{sf jg:kltx?sf] cWoog cg';Gwfgsf nflu klxrfg ;DaGwL ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] . lqmK6f]u]D; OsfO ! sfo{ ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ qm= ;+= != g]kfnel/sf] n]p, a|fof]kmfO6, nfOs]g, Rofp, 9";L / ;+/lIft gd"gf ; pGo" ju{sf jg:klt ;j]{If0f u/L jg:kltsf gd'gfx? ;+sng +Vof u/L /fli6«o xa]{l/oddf j}1flgs 9+un] ;+/If0f u/L /fVg] . @= jg:klt ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f ;Daw{g ug]{ . k|hflt ;+Vof #= jg:klt ;Dkbfsf] lbuf] pkof]u ub}{ b]z ljsf;df 6]jf zf]w ;+Vof ÷ k'¥ofpg jg:klt cg';Gwfgsf] ljljw ljwfx?df cWoog u'0f:t/ cg';Gwfg ug]{ . $= ;+slnt gd'gfx? ;fy} hLljt jg:kltx? cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L k|sflzt Volume÷ PsLs[t tYofÍ Pj+ ljj/0fx? ;dfj]z u|Gy -g]kfn ˆnf]/f_ k| jfg:klts kl/jf/ ; sfzg ug]{ . +Vof %= jg:klt cg';Gwfgsf] ljljw ljwfdf cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L k| k|sflzt ;fdfu| fKt glthfx? ljleGg k':ts, k'l:tsf, j}1flgs n]v, /rgf cflbsf] L ;+Vof ?kdf k|sfzg ug]{ . ^= ;+slnt jg:kltsf gd'gfx?sf] klxrfg tyf gfdfs/0f ug]{ . k|hflt ;+Vof &= ;+sng u/L /fli6«o xj]{l/odsf] ;+u|xdf /fvLPsf jg:kltsf gd'gf ;+Vof gd'gfx?sf] :ofxf/ ;+ef/ (Curation) ug]{ . *= cWoog cg';Gwfgsf nflu cfjZos ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx? (Literatures and Herbarium Specimens) x?sf] cfbfg k|bfg ug]{ . (= lqmK6f]u]D; ju{sf jg:kltx?sf] cWoog cg';Gwfgsf nflu klxrfg ;]jf ; klxrfg ;DaGwL ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] . +Vof jf]6flgsn ;e]{ tyf Osf]nf]hL OsfO qm sfo{ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += 1 g]kfndf kfOg] ljleGg jfg:klts OsfO{x?sf] kfl/l:yt zf]w ;+Vof / u'0f:t/ = lj1fg (Ecology) sf] cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{ . 2 kfl/l:yltlso k|0ffnLx?sf] kl/df0ffTds cWoog zf]w ;+Vof / u'0f:t/ = cg';Gwfg ug]{ . 3 g]kfnsf] ljleGg Vegetation Zone cg';f/ jg:klt k|hfltx? ;e]{ tyf clen]lvs/0f ;+Vof = sf] ;e]{ u/L clen]vLs/0f ug]{, 4 ;+slnt df6f] tyf kfgLsf] /f;folgs u'0fsf] ljZn]if0f ug]{, ljZn]if0f ;+Vof =5 jg jg:klt / jftfj/0f ;DaGwL cWoog cg';Gwfgsf glthfx? Journal article/Impact = sf] k|sfzg ug]{ . factorOsf]gf]lds af]6fgL OsfO qm sfo{ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += 1 g]kfndf kfOg] jg:kltx?sf] k/Dk/fut k|of]ux? h:t} k|hflt ;+Vof÷k|lt jif{ = cf}ifwL, vfB, /+u cflb h:tfsf] jf/]df cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{ 2 k|fKt glthfx?nfO{ Jofks 5nkmn u/L :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL Journal article/Impact = hg{nx?df k|sfl;t ug]{ . factor3 jg:kltx?n] g]kfnL hghfltx? / /fli6«o cy{tGqdf kfg{ zf]w ;+Vof / u'0f:t/ = ;Sg] cfly{s kIfx?sf] klg cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{ 4 jg:kltx?sf] k/Dk/fut k|of]usf] 1fgnfO{ k|dfl0fs/0f u/L k|dfl0ft clen]vsf] = ljZj Jofkf/df kx'Frsf] cWoog ug]{ volume/quantity/queries g]kfn ˆnf]/f OsfO qm sfo{ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += 1 xj]{l/oddf ;+/lIft gd"gfx?sf] l8lh6fOh];g ug]{, l8lh6fOh];g ;+Vof =2 jg:klt ;j]{If0fsf] nflu ;DjlGwt ;+:yfx? tyf j}1flgsx? ; j}7s, uf]i7L ;+Vof = +u ;dGjo ug]{, 3 g]kfn ˆnf]/f;+u ;DjlGwt ljleGg k':ts, k'l:tsf, j}1flgs k|sfzg ;+Vof = n]v, /rgf cflbsf] ?kdf k|sfzg ug{ ;xof]u ug]{, 4 g]kfn ˆnf]/f;+u ;DjlGwt tflndx? ;+rfng ug]{, tflnd ;+Vof =5 tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . =Pgf6f]dL OsfO qm sfo{ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += 6 g]kfndf /x]sf jg:kltx?sf] sf]ifLo / tGt'x?sf] ;+/rgfsf] Slide ;+Vof÷k|hflt÷u'0f:t/ = af/]df cWoog cg'';Gwfg ug]{ . 7 klxrfgsf nflu k|fKt x'g cfPsf gd"gfx?nfO{ k| klxrfg ul/Psf] k|hfltsf] ; = of]uzfnfdf k/LIf0f u/L s'g jg:klt xf] egL lgwf{/0f ug] +Vof { . 8 ljleGg k|hfltsf jg:kltx?sf sf7sf gd'gfx? ;+sng u/L Reference k|hfltsf] ; = Pgf6f]dLsf nflu l/km/]G; tof/ ug]{ . +Vof÷u'0f:t/ 9 j}1flgs tyf cfly{s b[li6sf]0fn] dxTjk"0f{ tyf b'n{e Database volume/no. of = jg:klt k|hftLx?sf] sf]ifLo ;+/rgf Pj+ j+zf0f' queries/ quality of ;DaGwL] cWoog u/L clen]v /fVg] . database 1 ljleGg k|fs[lts tyf s[ltd /;fogx?sf] jg:kltsf] c0f'j+zdf k/LIf0f ;+Vof÷k|hflt 0 = kg{ hfg] c;/x?sf] af/]df cg';Gwfg ug]{1 k|fKt glthfx? j}1flgs cg'zGwgfTds hg{nx?df k|sflzt Journal article/impact 1 = ug]{ . factor;b'kof]u tyf kfOn6 KnfG6 OsfO qm sfo{ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += 1 k|of]uzfnfdf cWoog tyf cg';Gwfgaf6 ljsf; ePsf] k| k|ljlw u'0f:t/ / ;+Vof = ljlwsf] kfO{n6 :s]ndf k/LIf0f ug]{ . 2 h8La'6Lsf] :t/ lgwf{/0f ug]{ . u'0f:t/ k|dfl0fs/0f = ;l6}lkms]6 3 kfO{n6 zfvfsf] k/LIf0faf6 pko'Qm b]lvPsf k|ljlwx? k|;fl/t k|ljlwsf] ;+Vof = sf] k|:ff/ ug]{ . 4 cf}iflwhGo / t]no'Qm jg:kltsf] k|zf]wg ug]{ . k|hflt ;+Vof / kl/df0f = jfof]6]Sgf]nf]hL tyf df]nLSo"n/ Sof/]S6/fOh];g OsfO qm sfo{ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += 1 cfly{s b[li6sf]0fn] dxTjk"0f{ tyf b'n{e ,nf]kf]Gd'v k|hflt ;+Vof ÷ Protocol ; = jg:klt k|hfltx?sf] tGt' k|hgg\ k|f]6f]sn -Tissue culture +Vof protocol ) ljsf; ug]{,2 k|ljlw ljsf; e} ;s]sf jg:kltx?sf] Pilot scale df pTkfbg tyf ; zf]w ;+Vof ÷ u'0f:t/ = +/If0f ug{ cg';Gwfg ug]{, 3 jg:klt klxrfgsf] nflu Molecular Characterization and k|hflt ÷ u'0f:t/ ÷Database = DNA Bar Coding ;DjlGw sfd ug,]{ volume 4 k|of]uzfnfdf pTkflbt lj?jfx?sf] lkmN8 k/LIf0f ug]{, Success rate ÷ k|hflt = qm sfo{ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += 5 lkmN8 k/LIf0fsf] nflu OR5's s[ifsx?nfO{ klg lj?jf pknJw lj?j ;+Vof = pknAw u/fpg], 6 ljZj kl/j]zdf h]g]l6s OGhLlgol/Ë cflbaf6 ag]sf GMO GMO Database/Query = (Genetically Modified Organisms) sf] h}ljs ;'/Iff ;DaGwL cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{, 7 h}ljs k|ljlw ;DaGwL tflnd lbg], ;xefuL ;+Vof÷lbg =8 h}ljs k|ljlw ;DaGwL hfgsf/L -;"rgf_ pknAw ;]jfu|fxL ;+Vof = u/fpg]÷lbg] . s_ /fli6«o jg:klt pBfg qm sfo{ ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += != hLljt jg:kltx? tyf jLpx? ;+sng u/L pBfgdf ;+/If0f k|hflt ;+Vof u/L /fVg, @= Nof08:s]k tyf lyd]l6s uf8]{gsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{, If]qkmn #= pBfgdf ;+/If0f ul/Psf jg:klt k|hfltx?sf] clen]lvs/0f ug] k|hflt ;+Vof {, $= b'ne{, nf]kf]Gd'v tyf ;+s6fkGg jg:kltx?sf] ;+sng, ; k|hflt ;+Vof ÷ +/If0f Pjd\ cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{, zf]w ;+Vof / u'0f:t/ %= cfly{s dxTjsf h8Lj'6Lx?sf] v]tL k|ljlw ljsf; ;DjlGw zf]w ;+Vof / cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{, u'0f:t/ ^= :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL jg:kltx?sf] j+zf0f' ;|f]tsf] ;+/If0f ug] k|hflt ;+Vof {, &= :jb]zL zf]egLo jg:kltx?sf] 3/]n's/0f tyf lj:tf/sf] nflu k| zf]w ;+Vof / ljlw ljsf; ug]{, u'0f:t/ *= ˆnf]l/sNr/ tyf pBfg ljsf; ;DjlGw tflnd ;+rfng ug]{, ;xefuL ;+Vof / u'0f:t/ (= pBfgnfO{ kof{ko{6gsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{, !)= dfu eP jdf]lhd ljBfno, sn]h, gu/kflnsfdf pBfg ljsf; ug] ;]jfu|fxL ;+Vof { tyf k/fdz{ ;]jf k|bfg ug]{, !!= jg:klt ;+/If0f tyf ;b'kof]u ;DjlGw hgr]tgf km}nfpg], /]l8of], l6=eL= sfo{qmd, n]v /rgf ;+Vof !@= tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . Nof08:s]k tyf lyd]l6s uf8]{g OsfO qm sfo{ ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += != pBfg leq /x]sf ljleGg Nof08:s]k tyf lyd]l6s uf8]{gx? pBfg If]qkmn sf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ . h:t} M /s uf8]{g, /f]h uf8]{g, lnnL ÷ k|sf/ uf8]{g, sf]/f]g]zg kf]08, cls{8 uf8]{g, cflb . @= jg:klt pBfgdf xfn /x]sf lydfl6s uf8]{gx?sf] ;dLIff u/L yk36 ug]{ . #= lhNnf l:yt /x]sf jg:klt pBfgx? / cGo ;+3;:yf jf ;]jfu|fxL ;+Vof JolQmx?nfO{ cfj:os k/fdz{ lbg] . $= ljZjdf k|Voft jg:klt pBfgx?sf] clen]v /fVg] / ltgLx?;Fusf] ;xsfo{sf] kxn ug]{ . %= g]kfndf /x]sf jg:klt pBfgx?nfO{ :t/f]Gglt ug{ cfj:os ef}lts k"jf{wf/x?sf] ljsf; ug]{ ^= /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o :t/sf clt ljlzi6 kfx'gfx?sf] e| k|hflt ;+Vof d0fsf] cj;/df j[Iff/f]k0fsf] nflulj?jfx? tof/ ug]{ . &= pBfg ljsf; ;DjlGw tflnd, sfo{zfnf, uf]li7 ;+rfng ug]{ . ;xefuL ;+Vof ÷ k|efjsfl/tf *= cfuGt's, cg';Gwfgstf{ tyf ljBfly{x?nfO{ cWoog ;]jfu|fxL ;+Vof cg';Gwfgsf nflu jg:kltx?sf] cjnf]sg tyf tt\ ;DaGwLt cGo hfgsf/Lx? pknAw u/fpg] . (= tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ .Knf06 h]g]l6s l/;f]{; OsfO qm sfo{ ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += != jg:klt pBfg leq /x]sf ljleGg jg:klt k|hfltx?sf] :j:yfgLo k|hflt ;+Vof (In-situ) tyf k/:yfgLo (Ex-situ) ?kdf ;+/If0f tyf cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{ . @= ljleGg k|;f/0f tyf lj:tf/ ljlw (sl6Ë, u|flˆ6Ë, cflb) ¢f/f k|hflt ;+Vof jg:klt ;|f]tsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ . #= Green House tyf Shade House df ;dfj]z ul/Psf jg:kltx?sf] Database Volume tYofÍ tyf clen]v cBfjlws ug]{ . $= :yfgLo ?kdf pknAw jg:kltx?sf] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{g ug]{ k|hflt ;+Vof . %= pBfg leq /x]sf :yfgLo ?kdf pknAw jf]6 lj?jfsf] clen]v Database Volume tof/ u/L ltgLx?sf] sGh/e];g :6f6;sf] clen]v cBfjlws /fVg] . qm sfo{ ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += ^= g]kfndf kfO{g] b'n{e, :ju[xL tyf ;+s6fkGg lj?jfx?sf] ; k|hflt ;+Vof +/If0f ug]{ . &= dxTjk"0f{ :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL jg:kltx?sf] j+zf0f' ;|f]tsf] ; k|hflt ;+Vof +/If0f ug]{ . *= ;+/If0fsf nflu ;+slnt jg:kltx?sf] :ofxf/ ;+ef/ tyf Database Volume tYofÍx? cBfjlws ug]{ . (= :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL af]6lj?jfx?sf] clen]v cBfjlws u/L ; klxrfg ul/Psf k| +/If0f ug{'kg]{ jg:kltx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ . hflt ;+Vof!)= klxrfg ul/Psf jg:klt k|hfltsf aLpx? nfdf] ;do;Dd k|hflt ;+Vof /fVgsf] nflu jLp a}+ssf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ . !!= jLp a}+sdf /x]sf jg:kltx?sf] pd/0f k/LIf0f u/L cBfjlws k|hflt ;+Vof ug]{ . !@= cfuGt's, cg';Gwfgstf{ tyf ljBfly{x?nfO{ cWoog ;]jfu|fxL ;+Vof cg';Gwfgsf nflu jg:kltx?sf] cjnf]sg tyf tt\ ;DaGwLt cGo hfgsf/Lx? pknAw u/fpg] . !#= tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . ˆnf]/LsNr/ tyf Knf06 lj|l8Ë OsfO qm sfo{ ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += != :jb]zL zf]egLo km"n lj?jfx?sf] ;j]{If0f, ;+sng tyf Database Volume klxrfg u/L j}1flgs clen]v tof/ ug]{ . @= g]kfnsf :yfgLo tyf /}yfg] zf]egLo km"n lj?jfx?sf]] k|hflt ;+Vof cfg'jf+zLs ;|f]tsf] :j:yfgLo tyf k/:yfgLo ;+/If0f / ;Dj¢ {g ug]{ . #= km"n lj?jfx? pTkfbg u/L xl/t u[x, ljlqm sIf nufot k|hflt ;+Vof ljleGg :yfgx?df ;hfj6 tyf /f]k0f ug]{, $= lkmN8df nufOPsf km"n lj?jfx?sf] j[l4 tyf /f]u ls/fx? /f]u k|sf/ ÷k| sf]] cg'udg u/L tL lj?jfx?nfO{ /f]u / ls/fx?jf6 jrfpg], hflt %= zf]elgo km"n lj?jf lj:tf/ k|ljlw tyf gZn ;'wf/sf] cWoog k|hflt ÷u'0f:t/ cg';Gwfg ug]{, ^= :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL zf]egLo km"n lj?jfx?sf] 3/]n's/0f tyf k|hflt ÷u'0f:t/ lj:tf/s]f nflu k|ljlw ljsf; ug]{, &= k'ik v]tL tyf jfujfgL ;DjGwL tflnd, sfo{zfnf, ;xefuL ; uf]i7Lx? ;+rfng ug]{, +Vof / u''0f:t/ *= k'ik k|bz{gL cfof]hgf ug]{ tyf k|bz{gLdf efu lng], k|bz{gL ; +Vof (= cfly{s dxTjsf h8Lj'6Lx?sf] v]tL k|ljlw ljsf; ug]{, k|hflt ÷u'0f:t/ !)= k'ik Joj;foL, s[ifsx? nufot ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+u k'ik ljsf;sf] nflu ;dGjo ug]{, !!= tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ .;"rgf tyf z}lIfs pBfg OsfO qm sfo{ ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += != g]kfnsf b'n{e tyf nf]kf]Gd'v jg:klt ;|f]tsf] ;+/If0f tyf ;"rgf ;fdfu|L pkof]lutf ;DjlGw ;"rgf, kmf]6f], j|f];/, cflb ;+sng u/L k|sf/, ;+Vof / k|b{zg sIfdf k|rf/ k|;f/ tyf cjnf]sgsf nflu /fVg], u'0f:t/ @= jfg:klts ;"rgf tyf k|bz{gL s]Gb| / OYgf]jf]6flgsn gd"gf / k| Do"lhod Joj:yfkg ug]{, hflt ;+Vof #= jfg:klts ;|f]t tyf pBfg ;+u ;DjlGwt j|f];/, lnkmn]6, k|sfl;t gd"gf / Go"h n]6/, cflb k|sfzg ug]{, k|sf/ $= z}lIfs pBfg tyf hl8j'6L jfl6sfsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{, k|hflt ÷If]qkmn %= z}lIfs pBfg tyf hl8j'6L jfl6sfdf ePsf jg:kltx?df ;"rgf n]jn ;+Vof d"ns hfgsf/Lx? /fVg], ÷k|hflt ^= cfuGt'sx?nfO{ jg:klt ;|f]t tyf pBfg ;DjlGw ;"rgf k|jfx ;]jfu|fxL ; ug{], +Vof &= u}/s/ /fhZj ;+sng ug]{ tyf ;DjlGwt sfof{nodf bflvnf /fhZj j[l4b/ u/L ;f] sf] clen]v tof/ ug]{, *= Friends of Botanical Garden÷BGCI÷ ;xefuL ;+Vof Zoo÷ljBfno÷sn]h tyf ;dfg p2]Zo ePsf ;+3 ;+:yfx?; +u ;dGjo u/L jg:klt pBfg Pjd\ ˆnf]l/sNr/ ;DjlGw /rgfTds lqmofsnfkx? ;+rfng ug]{,(= jg:klt ;+/If0f ;DjlGw hgr]tgf km}nfpgsf] nflu lbj;, ;xefuL ;+Vof, ;df/f]xx? ;+rfng ug]{ . sfo{qmd k|sf/ / u'0f:t/ !)= tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . lhNnf sfof{nox?÷hl8j'6L cg';Gwfg s]Gb|÷jg:klt pBfg÷xj{n kmfd{ qm sfo{ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ =; += 1 cfkmgf] If]qleq kg]{ :yfgx?df h8La'6L tyf jg:kltsf] k|fyldsLs[t jg:kltsf] ; = ks]6 If]qsf] klxrfg / k|fyldlss/0f ug]{ +Vof 2 jg:klt tyf h8La'6Lsf] ljsf; / la:tf/sf nflu Joj;flos of]hgf = tof/ ug]{ .3 jfg:klts ;e]{ tyf ;+sngsf] sfo{ ug]{ ;fy} k/Dk/fut k/Dk/fut ?kdf k|of[u x'g] = 1fgsf] clen]vLs/0f ug]{ tyf ;f] sf] dfWodaf6 æg]kfn jg:klt k|hfltsf] ;+Vof nf]/fÆ k|sfzgdf of]ubfg lbg] . ;f] :yfgjf6 ;+slnt xj] {l/odsf] gd"gf 4 jg:klt klxrfgsf sfo{x? -jfg:klts, cf}iflwo u'0f, u'0f:t/ ;]jfu|fxL ;+Vof ÷ k|hflt = tyf k|df0fLs/0f _ug]{ . 5 jg:klt cWoog, cg';Gwfgsf sfo{x? (Resources Inventory, zf]w ;+Vof / u'0f:t/ = Domestication, GACP (WHO, 2003), Molecular Characterisation & Processing Technique, Climate Change Impact, Technology Development & Transfer ) ug]{ . 6 :j:yflgo tyf k/:yflgo ;+/If0f -In situ & Ex situ Conservation) :j:yflgo, nf]kf]Gd'v, = ug]{ b"n{d ?kdf ;"rLs[t k| hfltsf] ;+Vof 7 h8La'6L g;{/L :yfkgf, Joj:yfkg tyf ljh÷j]gf{ pTkfbg pTkfbg g;{/L ;+Vof, = ug]{ tyf tflnd ;+rfng ug]{ . j]gf{ pTkfbg ;+Vof 8 h8La'6L÷jg:klt ;"rgf s]Gb| -sIf_ Joj:yfkg ug]{ . yk k|hflt ;+Vof k|ltjif{ 9 ljefu;+u ;dGjo u/L cg';Gwfg l6dsf] u7g u/L = sfof{Gjog ug]{ . 1 ahf/ dWo:ystf{ -Jofkf/L tyf s[ifssf lar_ sf] sfo{ ;d]t 0 = ug]{ . 1 Joj:yfkg sfo{ of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog sfo{ljlw 1 = cg';f/ sfo{ ;+rfng ug]{ .1 cfufdL cf=j=sf] k|:tfljt sfo{qmd tyf cg'dflgt nfut 2 = -jh]6_ tof/ ug]{ cg';"rL * jg:klt ljefusf] b/jGbL t]/Lh s|=; kb >]0fL ;]jf ;d"x ljBdf k|:tfljt yk 36 s}lkmot += g! dxflgb]{zs /f=k= k|yd -k| jg af]6fgL ! ! f=_ @ pkdxflgb]{zs /f=k= k|yd -k| jg af]6fgL ! ! f=_ # pkdxflgb]{zs /f=k= k|yd -k| OlGh s]d]i6|L ! ! f=_ $ pkdxflgb]{zs /f=k= k|yd -k| :jf:Yo kmfd]{;L ) ! ! f=_ % j}1flgs clws[t /f=k=lå= -k|f=_ jg af]6fgL ^ & !^ j}1flgs clws[t /f=k=lå= -k|f=_ OlGh s]d]i6|L % %* jl/i7 cf}ifwL Joj:yfks /f=k=lå= -k|f=_ :jf:Yo kmfd]{;L @ # !( pk;lrj -k|zf;g_ /f=k=lå= k|zf;g ;fdfGo k| ! ! zf;g!) zfvf clws[t /f=k= t[= k|zf;g ;fdfGo k| @ ! ! zf;g!! n]vf clws[t /f=k= t[= k|zf;g @ ! !!@ ;xfos j}1flgs clws[t /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ jg af]6fgL !# !! @ cg';Gwfg s]Gb| tyf xaf]{l/od hfg] !# pBfg clws[t /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ jg af]6fgL ! @ !!$ ;xfos jg clws[t /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ jg h=km= ) ! !!% ;xfos j}1flgs clws[t /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ OlGh s]d]i6|L !( !# ^ jg:klt ljefusf ;DalGwt zfvf / k| fs[lts ;Dkbf cg';Gwfgzf nf PsLs[t ul/Psf] .!^ ;xfos j}1flgs clws[t /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ :jf:Yo kmfd]{;L @ $ @!& ;xfos kz' lrlsT;s /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ s[lif e]6g/L ! !!* sDk'6/ clws[t /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ ljljw ! !!( ;xfos j}1flgs clws[t /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ s[lif OlG6df]nf] ) ! ! yk Ps hL@) ;xfos j}1flgs clws[t /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ s[lif Kofyf]nf]h ) ! ! yk Ps L@! tYof+s clws[t /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ cfly{s ) ! ! yk Ps of]hgf@ d]sflgsn OlGhlgo/ /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ OlGh, d]sflgsn ! ! oyfjt @@# cl;:6]G6 af]6flgi6 /f=k=cg+ k|=- jg af]6fgL & !! $ k|f=_@$ ;'k/efOh/ /f=k=cg+ k|=- OlGh, d]sflgsn @ ! ! xaf]{l/oddf k|f=_ hfg]@ ;j OlGhlgo/ /f=k=cg+ k|=- OlGh, d]sflgsn ! ) ! xaf]{l/oddf % k|f=_ hfg]@^ cl;:6]G6 s]ld:6 /f=k=cg+ k|=- OlGh, s]d]i6|L ^ ^ k|f=_@ n]vfkfn /f=k=cg+ k|=- k|zf;g n]vf ! ! & k|=_@* gfoa ;'Aaf /f=k=cg+ k|=- k|zf;g ;fdfGo k| % $ ! k|=_ zf;g@( 6f= gfoa ;'Aaf /f=k=cg+ k|=- k|zf;g ;fdfGo k| # @ ! k|=_ zf;g#) sDk'6/ ck/]6/ /f=k=cg+ k|=- ljljw ! ! k|f=_#! nfOa|]/Log /f=k=cg+ k|=- lzIff k':tfsfno ! ! k|f=_#@ Nofa cl;:6]G6 /f=k=cg+ k|=- OlGh s]d]i6«L ! ) ! k|f=_## Nofa 6]lSgl;og /f=k=cg+ k|=- :jfYo kmfd]{;L ! # @ k|f=_#$ gfoa k|fljlws ;xfos /f=k=cg+ lå= s[lif xl6{sNr/ ! ! -k|f=_#% v/Lbf/ /f=k=cg+ lå|=- k|zf;g ;fdfGo k| @ @ k|=_ zf;g#^ x]8 lkmN8 cl;:6]G6 /f=k=cg+= lå= jg af]6fgL ! @ ! -k|f=_#& cl;:6]G6 Nofa /f=k=cg+= lå= OlGh d]sflgsn ! ) ! xaf]{l/oddf 6]lSgl;og -k|f=_ hfg]#* cl;:6]G6 Nofa /f=k=cg+= lå= OlGh s]d]i6«L ! ) ! 6]lSgl;og -k|f=_#( cl;:6]G6 Nofa /f=k=cg+= lå= jg jf]6fgL ! ! 6]lSgl;og -k|f=_$) kmf]/Dofg s]ldi6«L /f=k=cg+= t[= OlGh s]d]i6«L @ ) @ -k|f=_$! lkmN8 cl;:6]G6 /f=k=cg+= t[= jg af]6fgL ! ! -k|f=_$@ kmf]/Dofg d]sflgsn /f=k=cg+= r= OlGh d]sflgsn @ ! ! -k|f=_$# Nofa jfO{ /f=k=cg+= r= OlGh s]d]i6«L !! !! -k|f=_$$ x]= sfdbf/ /f=k=cg+= jg jf]6fgL @ ! ! kfrf}= tx$% ;jf/L rfns >]0fL ljxLg OlGh d]sflgsn % ^ ! ;]jf s/f/$^ dfnL .sfof{no ;xof]uL >]0fL ljxLg ^* $# @ % hDdf !*^ !%* !* $^ cg';"rL ( /fli6«o xa]{l/od tyf jg:klt pBfg s]Gb|sf] b/jGbL t]/Lh s|=;+= kb >]0fL ;]jf ;d"x ljBdf k|:tfljt yk 3 s}lkmot g 6 ! s]Gb| k|dv /f=k= k|yd -k| jg af]6fg ) ! ! /fli6«o xj]{l/od / f=_ L jg:klt pBfg b'O{ sfof{nonfO{ ;dflxt u/]sf] . @ jl/i7 pBfg /f=k=lå=k|f jg ! ! clws[t jf]6fgL # jl/i7 cg';Gwfg /f=k=lå=k|f jg ! ! clws[t jf]6fgL $ jg:klt clws[t /f=k=lå=k|f jg ) @ @ @ j6f yk jf]6fgL pBfgx? - sf:sL, ? kGb]xL / lrtjg_ ;d]t % pBfg clws[t /f=k=t[=k|f= jg # # jf]6fgL ^ jfujfgL clws[t /f=k=t[=k|f= s[lif, xl6{sN ) ! ! r/ & ;xfos kz' lrlsT;s /f=k= t[=-k| s[lif e]6g/L ) ! ! f=_ * ;xfos cg';Gwfg /f=k=t[=k|f= jg !* !( ! clws[t jf]6fgL ( ;xfos cg';Gwfg /f=k=t[=k|f= OlGh s]d]i6| ) # # clws[t L !) zfvf clws[t /f=k=t[=k|f= k|zf;g k|zf;g ! ) !!! n]vf clws[t /f=k=t[=k|f= k|zf;g n]vf @ ) @!@ cl;:6]G6 /f=k=cg+ k|=- jg af]6fg @ @! !( af]6flgi6 k|f=_ L !# cl;:6]G6 s]ld:6 /f=k=cg+ k|=- OlGh, s]d]i6| ) ! ! k|f=_ L !@ n]vfkfn /f=k=cg+ k|=- k|zf;g n]vf ) # # k|_ !# Nofj]l/og /f=k=cg+ k|=- lzIff k':tsfno ) ! ! k|_ !$ gf=k|=;= /f=k=cg+ k|=- s[lif xl6{sN ! ! k|_ r/ !% ;'k/efOh/ /f=k=cg+ k|=- jg af]6fg ! ) ! k|_ L !^ ;j OlGhlgo/ /f=k=cg+ k|=- OlGh, d]sflgs ) ! ! k|_ n !& cl;:6]G6 Nofj /f=k=cg+ k|=- OlGh, d]sflgs ) ! ! 6]lSgl;og k|_ n!* x]8 uf8]{g/ /f=k=cg+ k|=- jg af]6fg ! ) ! k|_ L !( gfoa ;'Aaf /f=k=cg+ k|=- k|zf;g k|zf;g ! ! yk ul/Psf] k|_ @) ;= n]vfkfn /f=k=cg +lå=- k|zf;g n]vf ) ! ! k|_ @! x]8 lkmN8 /f=k=cg+= jg af]6fg * !^ * cl;:6]G6 lå=-k|f=_ L @@ v/Lbf/ /f=k=cg+ lå|=- k|zf;g ;fdfGo ! $ # k|=_ k|zf;g @# KnDa/ /f=k=cg+= lå= OlGh l;ldn ! ) !@$ l;lgo/ d]sflgs /f=k=cg+= lå= OlGh h]=d]= ! ! O= @% lkmN8 cl;i6]6 /f=k=cg+=t[= jg af]6fg # ) # L @^ x]8 sfdbf/ /f=k=cg+= r= jg af]6fg $ ) $ L @& Nofj jfO{ /f=k=cg+= r= OlGh s]d]i6« ) ! ! L @* ;jf/L rfns >]0fL ljxLg OlGh d]sflgs @ & % n @( sfdbf/.dfnL >]0fL ljxLg jg af]6fg @( ^* #( L HfDdf *! !^) (@ !# s| kb >]0fL ;d"x ljBdf k|:tfljt y 36 s}lkmot =; g k += ! jg:klt clws[t /f=k=lå=k|f af]6fgL # # ;fljssf] b/aGbLd f s'g} klg x]/km]/ gul/Psf] . @ ;xfos jg:klt clws[t /f=k=t[=k|f= jf]6fgL * *# ;xfos j}1flgs clws[t /f=k=t[=k|f= s]d]i6|L # $ $ cl;:6]G6 af]6flgi6 /f=k=cg+ k|=- af]6fgL ( ( k|f=_ % cl;:6]G6 s]ld:6 /f=k=cg+ k|=- s]d]i6|L @ # k|f=_ ^ ;'k/efOh/ /f=k=cg+ k|=- d]sflgsn ! ! k|f=_ & gfoa ;'Aaf /f=k=cg+ k|=- k|zf;g @ @ k|_ * v/Lbf/ /f=k=cg+= k|zf;g ! ! lå=-k|=_ ( n]vfkfn /f=k=cg+ k|=- n]vf % % k|_ !) ;xn]vfkfn /f=k=cg+= n]vf @ @ lå=-k|=_ !! x]8 lkmN8 cl;:6]G6 /f=k=cg+= af]6fgL * * lå=-k|f=_ !@ lkmN8 cl;:6]G6 /f=k=cg+= af]6fgL $ $ lå=-k|f=_ !# ;jf/L rfns >]0fL ljxLg d]sflgsn ! ! !$ sfdbf/.dfnL >]0fL ljxLg #^ #^ ;fljssf] b/aGbLd f s'g} klg x]/km]/ gul/Psf] . HfDdf *% *^ s|=; kb >]0fL ;]jf ;d"x ljBdf k|:tfljt yk 36 s}lkmot += g ! jg:klt clws[t /f=k=lå=k|f= jg jf]6fgL ) @ @ @ ;xfos cg';Gwfg clws[t /f=k=t[=k|f= OlGh s]d]i6«L ) @ @ # ;xfos jg:klt clws[t /f=k=t[=k|f= jg af]6fgL ) @ @ $ cl;:6]G6 af]6flgi6 /f=k=cg+ k|=- jg af]6fgL ) $ $ k|f=_ % cl;:6]G6 sf]dlgi6 /f=k=cg+ k|=- jg af]6fgL ) @ @ k|f=_ ^ x]8 lkmN8 cl;:6]G6 /f=k=cg+= k| jg af]6fgL ) $ $ =-k|f=_ & ;xn]vfkfn /f=k=cg+= k| K|zf;g n]vf ) @ @ =-k|=_ * vl/bf/ /f=k=cg+= K|zf;g ;fdfGo k| ) @ @ lå=-k|=_ zf;g ( ;jf/L rfns >]0fL ljxLg OlGh d]sflgsn ) @ @ df]/ª / l;Gw'kfN wf]s !) sfdbf/.dfnL >]0fL ljxLg ) !) !) hDdf ) #@ #@ cg';"rL !@ jg:klt ljefusf] Psd'[i6 b/jGbL t]/Lh s|=; >]0fL ;]jf ;d"x ljBdfg k|:tfljt yk 36 s}lkmot += ! /f=k= k|yd -k| jg af]6fgL 2 3 1 0 f=_@ /f=k= k|yd -k| OlGh s]d]i6|L 1 1 0 0 f=_# /f=k= k|yd -k| :jf:Yo kmfd]{;L 0 1 1 0 f=_$ /f=k=lå= -k|f=_ jg af]6fgL 11 16 5 0 % /f=k=lå= -k|f=_ OlGh s]d]i6|L 5 5 0 0^ /f=k=lå= -k|f=_ :jf:Yo kmfd]{;L 2 3 1 0 & /f=k=lå= k|zf;g ;fdfGo k| 1 1 0 0 zf;g * /f=k= t[= k|zf;g ;fdfGo k| 3 1 0 2 zf;g ( /f=k= t[= k|zf;g n]vf 4 1 0 3 !) /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ jg af]6fgL 43 45 2 0 !! /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ jg h=km= 0 1 1 0 !@ /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ OlGh s]d]i6|L 22 22 0 0!# /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ :jf:Yo kmfd]{;L 2 4 2 0 !$ /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ s[lif e]6g/L 1 2 1 0 !% /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ ljljw 1 1 0 0!^ /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ s[lif OlG6df]nf] 0 1 1 0 hL !& /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ s[lif Kofyf]nf]h 0 1 1 0 L !* /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ s[lif xl6{sNr/ 0 1 1 0!( /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ cfly{s 0 1 1 0 of]hgf @) /f=k= t[=-k|f=_ OlGh, d]sflgsn 1 1 0 0@! /f=k=cg+ k|=- jg af]6fgL 20 45 25 0 k|f=_ @ /f=k=cg+ k|=- OlGh, d]sflgsn 4 4 0 0 @ k|f=_ @# /f=k=cg+ k|=- OlGh, s]d]i6|L 9 11 2 0 k|f=_ @$ /f=k=cg+ k|=- :jf:Yo kmfd]{;L 1 3 2 0 k|f=_ @ /f=k=cg+ k|=- k|zf;g n]vf 6 11 5 0 % k|=_ @^ /f=k=cg+ k|=- k|zf;g ;fdfGo k| 11 9 0 2 k|=_ zf;g @ /f=k=cg+ k|=- ljljw 1 1 0 0 & k|f=_ @* /f=k=cg+ k|=- lzIff k':tsfno 1 2 1 0 k|f=_ @( /f=k=cg+ k|= s[lif xl6{sNr/ 1 1 0 0 -k|f=_ #) /f=k=cg+ lå|=- k|zf;g ;fdfGo k| 4 9 5 0 k|=_ zf;g #! /f=k=cg+= lå= jg af]6fgL 19 31 12 0 -k|f=_ #@ /f=k=cg+ lå =- k|zf;g n]vf 2 3 1 0 k|=_ ## /f=k=cg+= lå= s[lif xl6{sNr/ 1 1 0 0 -k|f=_ #$ /f=k=cg+= lå= OlGh d]sflgsn 2 0 0 2 -k|f=_ #% /f=k=cg+= lå=- OlGh s]d]i6«L 1 0 0 1 k|f=_#^ /f=k=cg+= lå=- OlGh l;len 1 0 0 1 k|f=_#& /f=k=cg+= lå=- OlGh h]=d]=O 1 1 0 0 k|f=_#* /f=k=cg+= t[=- jg af]6fgL 7 5 0 2 k|f=_#( /f=k=cg+= t[=- OlGh s]d]i6«L 2 0 0 2 k|f=_$) /f=k=cg+= r=- OlGh d]sflgsn 2 1 0 1 k|f=_$! /f=k=cg+= r=- jg af]6fgL 7 1 0 6 k|f=_$@ /f=k=cg+= r=- OlGh s]d]i6«L 11 12 1 0 k|f=_$# >]0fL ljxLg OlGh d]sflgsn 8 16 8 0$$ >]0fL 131 157 26 0 ljxLg.sf=;= 352 436 106 22 cg';"rL !# jg:klt ljefu / cGt/ut sfof{nodf b}lgs Hofnfbf/Ldf sfo{/t dfgj >f]t -cf=a=)&!.)&@_ -dfnL÷sfdbf/_ qm sfo{nosf] gfd ;+Vof s}lkmot =; += ! jg:klt ljefu % @ s]lGb|o pBfg ;]jf zfvf, l;+xb/jf/ @# # ;b'kof]u tyf kfOn6 zfvf, uf]bfj/L ^ $ k|fs[lts ;Dkbf k|of]uzfnf, yfkfynL $ % /fli6«o jg:klt pBfg, uf]bfj/L @& ! hgf 8«fOe/ ^ /fli6«o xj]{l/od tyf jg:klt k|of]uzfnf, !! uf]bfj/L & lhNnf jg:klt sfof{no, s}nfnL #* * lhNnf jg:klt sfof{no,jfFs] * ( lhNnf jg:klt sfof{no,;Nofg * !) lhNnf jg:klt sfof{no,h'Dnf $ !! lhNnf jg:klt sfof{no,dsjfgk'/ #^ !@ lhNnf jg:klt sfof{no, wg'iff !) !# lhNnf jg:klt sfof{no, Onfd & hDdf !*# hgf cg';"rL !$ jg:klt ljefu / cGt/ut ;]jf s/f/df sfo{/t dfgj >|f]t qm sfo{nosf] gfd ;+Vof s}lkmot =; += ! jg:klt ljefu !& n]vfkfn !, sDKo"6/ ck/]6/ $, 8«fOe/ #, sfof{no ;xof]uL ( @ k|fs[lts ;Dkbf cg';Gwfgzfnf, ! sfof{no ;xof]uL yfkfynL # /fli6«o jg:klt pBfg, uf]bfj/L @ 8«fOe/ !, n]vf ;xof]uL ! $ /fli6«o xj]{l/od tyf jg:klt k| ! sfof{no ;xof]uL of]uzfnf, uf]bfj/L ^ lhNnf jg:klt sfof{no, s}nfnL @ sfof{no ;xof]uL & lhNnf jg:klt sfof{no,jfFs] # 8«fOe/ ! ,sfof{no ;xof]uL @ * lhNnf jg:klt sfof{no,;Nofg – ( lhNnf jg:klt sfof{no,h'Dnf # sfof{no ;xof]uL !) lhNnf jg:klt sfof{no,dsjfgk'/ ! 8«fOe/ !! lhNnf jg:klt sfof{no, wg'iff – !@ lhNnf jg:klt sfof{no, Onfd ! sfof{no ;xof]uL hDdf #! hgf cg';"rL !% jg:klt ljefusf] k|:tfljt jg:klt ljefusf] s6f}tL b/jGbL t]/Lh s|=; >]0fL ;]jf ;d"x 36 s}lkmot += ! /f=k= t[tLo k|zf;g ;fdfGo k| 2 zf;g @ /f=k= t[tLo k|zf;g n]vf 3# /f=k=cg k|yd k|zf;g ;fdfGo k| 2 -k|_ zf;g$ /f=k cg=lå= -k| OlGh d]sflgsn 2 f=_ % /f=k cg=lå= -k| OlGh s]d]i6«L 1 f=_ ^ /f=k cg=lå= -k| OlGh l;len 1 f=_ & /f=k=cg+= t[=- jg af]6fgL 2 k|f=_* /f=k=cg+= t[=- OlGh s]d]i6«L 2 k|f=_( /f=k=cg+= r=- jg af]6fgL 1 k|f_!) /f=k=cg+= r=- OlGh s]d]i6«L 6 k|f=_ hDdf 22 cg';"rL !^ sfo{ljj/0f kmf/fdsf] 9f‘rf : lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnLsf] lgod ( sf] pklgod -!_ ;‘u ;DjlGwt g]kfn ;/sf/ kb ;Í]t sfo{ ljj/0f kmf/fd ;]jfM ;d"x÷pk;d"xM>]0fLM != kbsf] gfdM %======dGqfno :yfoL÷ c:yfoL ======ljefu ======@= tnj -dfl;s_ ?======sfof{no ======zfvf ======kmf‘6 #= sfd ug]{ ;doM ======^= c~rn ======lhNnf ======:yfg $=sd{rf/Lsf] gfd / ;Í]t g+======kmf]g g+======&= lj:t[t ?kdfkbsf] sfd, clwsf/ / pQ/bfloTjM qm sfd clwsf/ pQ/bfloTj sfo{;Dkfbg ; ;"rsfÍsf] cfwf/ =;+ "rsfÍ ->f]t_ != @= #= $=*= sQ{AoM != @= #= $= (= cfjZos of]UotfM d]/f] kb;Fu ;DalGwtpko'Qmsfd, st{Jo, o; kb;Fu ;DalGwtpko'Qmsfd, st{Jo, pQ/bfloTjtyfclwsf/sf] ljj/0f k"0f{ Pj+ pQ/bfloTjtyfclwsf/sf] ljj/0f k"0f{ Pj+ l7s ;fFrf] xf] . l7s ;fFrf] xf] . ======sd{rf/Lsf] b:tvt === ldltM ======lgs6td clwsf/Lsf] b:tvt gfd======ldlt======-sfof{no k|d'vsf] b:tvt_ sfof{no k|d'vsf] gfd======ldlt======cg';"rL !& hl8j'6L lgof{tsf] cj:yf ef/t lgof{t x'g] s]xL hl8j'6L tyf u}¥x sfi7 jg pTkfbgx? ljj/0f @)% @)^). @)^!. @)^ @)^#. @)^$. @)^ @)^^ @)^& @)^*. @)^(. @)&). (.^) ^! ^@ @.^# ^$ ^% %.^^ .^& .^* ^( &) &! k|yd cf7 dlxgf hl8j'6L !!=@ (=@ !#=@ !#=$ !)=^ !$=( @)= @#=( ! (=) #!=# !#=* & &=@ ;'7f] !)=* &=* *=) ^=@ %=) %=$ ^=* (=! )=# )=@ !=@ )=$Rjgk|fz &$=# @(=) !(=* #)=! !%=^ !#=@ !^=# !#=( %&= *$=* ^&=! %&= / ^ @ xhdf]nf jg:klt #*! @(% $^#= #*^= $! @! )=( )=% !=( ) ) ) £o" =@ =( ^ @ #=& #=@ vo/ !$=% !^=# $#=( #*= %$=# %$=$ !@! ! !!!=$ !))=# ) ) @ =& ^*= @ cn}+rL $&=) $%=! ^)=& ^)=* *$=* !)#=% !@! !#!=^ !(!=% #@& #* ###=* =^ =^ %=);|f]t M cfly{s ;j]{If0f -)&).)&!_ cGo d'n'sdf x'g] s]xL hl8j'6L tyf u}x| sfi7 jg pTkfbgx? ljj/0f @)% @)^). @)^!. @)^ @)^#. @)^$. @)^ @)^^ @)^& @)^*. @)^(. @)&). (.^) ^! ^@ @.^# ^$ ^% %.^^ .^& .^* ^( &) &! k|yd cf7 dlxgf hl8j'6L #=# $=* %=% !=( $=$ (=* $!=@ @#=( !@=^ !(=* )=( ^ %=& cn}+rL !@= @#=! @)= !)=( !#=) ^=% ^=$ ) ) ) ) ) % % g]kfnL @^= @*=) @$=) @ !(=! #$=& #^=! % #(=( %*= @$=$ !&=# sfuh / @ %=& %=# & sfuhaf6 ag]sf] ; fdfg;|f]t M cfly{s ;j]{If0f -)&).)&!_ hl8j'6L;Fu cfj4 ;xsf/L ;+:yf, ;b:o, z]o/ k"+hL, lgIf]k tyf nufgLsf] k|s[lt sfo{ k| ;+:yf ; ;b:o z]o/ lgIf]k ? nufgL ? s[lt +Vof k'?if dlxnf k"+hL ? hl8j'6L !*# $@&% @#!( ! ^!*# !)&)@ &@#@ ;|f]t M cfly{s ;j]{If0f -)&).)&!_ cg';"rL !* ;+/IfLt jg:kltx?sf] ;"rLCITES cg';"rL / jg lgodfjnL @)%# cg';f/ qm=;+= g]kfnL gfd j}1flgs gfd s}lkmot ! ;'gufef÷;'gfv/L Orchid spp. @ ?v pGo" Cythea spinulosa# snjn÷yfsn Cycus pectinata $ Eofs'/÷jg t?n Dioscorea deltoidea % h6fd;L Nardostychus grandiflora ^ n3'kq Podophyllum hexandrum & ;k{uGwf Rauvolfia serpentina * nf}7 ;Nnf Taxus wallichiana ( ef]6] nx/f Gnetum montanum !)= Sof;/ Meconopsis regia !! u'G;L Podocarpus neriifolius !@ ef]6] rfFk÷efn' sf7 Talauma hodgsonii !# eml/sf]6]÷lsDj's Tetracentron sinensis !$ kfFr cf}n] Dactylorhiza hatagirea !% cf]v/sf] jf]qmf Juglanus regia!^ s'6\sL Neo-Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora!& ´\ofp Lichen spp.!* ;'uGwsf]lsnf Cinnamomum glaucescens!( ;'uGwjfn Valeriana jatamansi@) tfln; kq Abies spectabilis@! ;fn Shorea robusta @@ ;lt ;fn Dalbergia latifolia@# ljho ;fn Pterocarpus marsupium cg';"rL !( /fli6«o jg:klt pBfg uf]bfj/L, nlntk'/ k|j]z z'Ns qm= ljj/0f b/ ?= ;+= ! k|j]z z'Ns –k|lt JolQm s g]kfnL gful/s !) jif{ d'lg !) !) jif{ dfly #) v ;fs{ d'n'ssf gful/s !) jif{ d'lg @) !) jif{ dfly %) u ;fs{ d'n's jfx]ssf ljb]zL gful/s !) jif{ d'lg !)) !) jif{ dfly @)) kfls{ª\ z'Ns @ kfls{ª\ z'Ns ;fOsn % df]6/ ;fOsn @) 6]Dkf] #) sf/, lhk, Eofg $) ldlgj; &% j;, 6«s !%)5fof+sg z'Ns # l8lh6n Sofd/f k|lt yfg @) $ lel8of] Sofd/f k|lt yfg !%) % rnlrq ;'l6ª –k|lt rnlrq ;fgf] kbf{sf] #))) :jb]zL nuflgsf] rnlrq –lglh k|lt lbg &%)) :jb]zL ;+o'Qm nuflgsf] rnlrq –k|lt lbg !)))) ;fs{ d'n'ssf nuflgsf] rnlrq –k|lt lbg !%))) ljb]zL nuflgsf] rnlrq –k|lt lbg @%))) pBfg v'Ng] ;do M sflQ{s !^ b]lv df3 !% ;Dd ( ah] b]lv $ ah];Dd cGo dlxgf laxfg ( ah] b]lv % ah] ;Dd gf]6 M k|j]z z'Nsdf d"No clej[l¢ s/ nfUg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . cg';"rL @) jg:klt ljefujf6 ;+slnt /fhZj ljj/0f -cf=j=)&).&!_ qm=; sfof{no /fhZj ?= s}lkmot += ! jg:klt ljefu *%*##*@ k|fs[lts ;Dkbf ##$#@) cg';Gwfgzfnf, yfkfynL # /fli6«o jg:klt pBfg, #&$)*!& uf]bfj/L $ /fli6«o xj]{l/od tyf jg:klt k| &%))( of]uzfnf, uf]bfj/L % lhNnf jg:klt sfof{no, jfFs] @*%)^ lhNnf jg:klt sfof{no, ^%%&# s}nfnL s"n hDdf %),&^,()& cg';"rL @! /fli6«o xj]{l/od tyf jg:klt k|of]uzfnf, uf]bfj/L¢f/f k|bfg ul/g] ;]jf ;+u ;DjlGwt l;=g ljj/0f ;fljs z'Ns kl/dflh{t += b/ ?= z'Ns b/ ?= != xj]{l/od klxrfg -k| gd"gf_ s= ljBfyL{x?sf nflu :k]l;h !) !% lhg; ^ !) km]ldln @ % xj]{l/od l6«6d]G6 @ % v= :j]b]zL cg';Gwfg stf{sf] nflu :k]l;h @) @% lhg; !$ @) km]ldln $ % xj]{l/od l6«6d]G6 @ % u= ;fs{ d'n'ssf cg';Gwfg stf{sf] nflu :k]l;h #) $) lhg; @) #) km]ldln * !% xj]{l/od l6«6d]G6 @ % 3= ljb]zL d'n'ssf cg';Gwfg stf{sf] nflu :k]l;h %) &% lhg; #) %) km]ldln !* @% xj]{l/od l6«6d]G6 @ % ª= ;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfsf] nflu :k]l;h %) ^) lhg; #) $) km]ldln !* @) xj]{l/od l6«6d]G6 @ % r= u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf] nflu :k]l;h ^% lhg; $% km]ldln @% xj]{l/od l6«6d]G6 %5= cGt/fli6«o u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ; +:yfsf] nflu :k]l;h *) lhg; %) km]ldln #) xj]{l/od l6«6d]G6 !) h= AolQm, lghL, ;+3;+:yf / %)) Aofkf/sf nflu -k|lt gd"gf_ jg:klt / gd"gf klxrfg u/]jfkt @= ;efsIff k|of]u -k|lt lbg_ cl86l/od %)) &%) cGo sIvv @)) #)) #= k|of]uzfnf k|of]u -k|lt lbg_ dfOsf]nf]lh, ;fO6f]nflh, %)) %)) l6:o"sNr/ Pg6f]dL @))) @))) $ xj]{l/od, Pg6f]dL, l6:o"sNr/, dfOsf]nflh, Osf]gf]lds jf]6fgL, -Do"lhod_ cflb ;DaGwL la|lkmª -k|lt k6s_ s= bz sIff ;Ddsf ljBfyL{ -k| #)) #)) To]s ;d"xdf bz hgf dfq_ v= :gfts ;Ddsf ljBfyL{-k| %)) %)) To]s ;d"xdf bz hgf dfq_ u= :gftsf]Q/ ;Ddsf ljBfyL{-k| *)) *)) To]s ;d"xdf bz hgf dfq_ % Do"lgod gd"gfsf] k|tIo kl/ro !)) u/fpg] -k|lt k6s_ cg';"rL @@ gful/s j8fkq k|fs[lts ;Dkbf cg';Gwfgzfnf af6 k|bfg ul/g] ;]jf, nfUg] ;do tyf ;]jf z'Ns nfUg ;]jf ;'N nfUg] l;=g+ ljj/0f l;=g+ ljj/0f ;]jf ;'Ns ] ;do s ;do a}1flgs -s_ ;fj{hlgs pks/0f4f/f ! & ljZn]if0f ;]jf kl/If0f -k|lt gd'gf_ – UV÷Vis –hl8j'l6sf gd'gfx?sf] & #)).)) Spectropho & lbg %)).)) klxrfg lbg tometer – lj?jf÷ljpdf kfO{g] & #)).)) – FTIR & lbg %)).)) Fixed Oil lgwf{/0f lbg – MAP sf] Extractative & #)).)) – GC-MS & lbg !))).)) value lbg – hl8j'l6sf Extract sf] & #)).)) – HPLC & lbg !@)).)) klxrfg lbg – – Bitter Principle sf] !% #)).)) Polarimete & lbg @)).)) lgwf{/0f lbg r -v_ ;'ulGwt t]nsf – Physiochemical Refractome & lbg %)).)) parameter lgwf{/0f ter -k|lt gd'gf_ – Ester value after & #)).)) – PH kl/If0f & lbg @%).)) acetylation lbg – ljljw kl/If0f (Moisture & – Acid value @)).)) content, & lbg @%).)) lbg Total Ash, Specific gravity) ef}lts ;'ljwf & vfln ePsf] – Ester value @)).)) * ;daGwL ;] Kf|lt 306f @)).)) lbg cj:yfdf jf – ;]ldgf/÷uf ]i7Lsf – ;'ulGwt t]n k|ltzt & @)).)) nflu ;ef sIf Ps lbg !))).)) lgwf{/0f lbg pknAw u/fpg] ljBfly{x? k| – Qualitative Test by & nfO{ k| of]uzfnfsf $)).)) ( TLC lbg of]uzfnf ] sfo{s| lelh6 tyf lj| dsf] cj:yf lkmÍ (k|lt k6s k|lt x]/L u|'k !) hgf dfq ) – !) sIff & @ k|dfl0fs/0f -k|lt gd'gf_ $)).)) ;Ddsf #)).)) lbg ljBfyL{ – :gfts ;Ddsf &%).)) ljBfyL{ – jfg:klts /;fog ljZn]if0f :gftsf]Q/ # !)%).)) ;]jf -k|lt gd'gf_ ;Ddsf ljBfyL{ ljBfyL{x? – lj?jfsf] nfO{ k| ! k"j{ hfgsf Phytochemical %)).)) !) of]uzfnfdf %)).)) dlxgf /L cg';f/ screening lelh6 tyf la| lkmË – lj?jfsf] Extract tof/ & k|fljlws ;]jf &%).)) !! ug]{ . (Bench Scale) lbg z"Ns hl8a'6L – hl8a'6L tyf k|;f]wg tyf ;f/tTjsf] ljZn]if0f klxrfg tyf cflb af/] k| lgj]bssf] kmdf{sf]nf]lhsn dfl0fs/0f $ :yfgdf kl/If0f sfo{sf] uO{ ;]jf k| nflu bfg gd"gf ; ug'{ kg] +sng { df –k|lt sfo{ lgj]b JolQm_ gstf{sf] : !% – /fhkqf+lst yfgdf – Acute Toxicity Test !))).)) $%).)) lbg hgzlQm uO{ ug'{ – /fhkq kg]{ ePdf !% – Isolated Tissue Test !))).)) cg+lst #)).)) lbg hgzlQm !% – Antifertility Test !))).)) lbg !% – Anthelmentic Test !))).)) ;Dks{ M lbg !% – Cardio Vascular Test !))).)) ;fj{hlgs ljZn]z0f zfvf, lbg df}H hgfj/x? ljls| ljt/0f ;]jf % bft k|zf;g zfvf -k|lt yfg_ ePdf – v/fof] %)).)) k|fs[lts ;Dkbf cg';Gwfgzfnf, yfkfynL . – lugLlku #)).)) !@ – ¥of6 gf]6 M %.))  pNn]lvt ;]jfx? klxnf] cfpg] nfO{ klxn] ;]jf (First Come – dfO; ^).)) First Service) sf cfwf/df lbO{g] 5 . kmdf{sf]Ugf];L ;]jf ^  ljh'nL gePsf] cj:yfdf oL ;do cjlwdf sfo{ ;Dej x'g g;Sg] . -k|lt gd'gf_ – lj?jf tyf ltgsf efusf] &  Sampling ISO 212 : 1973 Guideline cg';f/ ul/g] hfgsf/L #)).)) klxrfg tyf gfdfs/0f lbg u/fO{G5 . & – kfp8/ gd'gf klxrfg #)).)) lbg – Do'lhodsf] gd'gfsf] k| ToIf kl/ro u/fpg] -k|lt t'?Gt !%).)) k6s_ cg';"rL @# jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno cGtu{taf6 pTkflbt lj?jfx?sf] laqmL b/ l;=g+ ljj/0f ;fljs z'Ns b/ ?= kl/dflh{t z'Ns = b/ ?= 1 u'hf]{ @ !)2 c:juGwf # !)3 sfnd]w # !)4 lrt' # !)5 ch'{g $ !)6 lgd @ !)7 ljho;fn !) @%8 l;tnlrgL # !)9 j]n % !)10 /fhj[If # !)11 ljif @ !%12 n3'kq @%13 cdnf !)14 cf]v/ @%15 h+unL ;okqL !)16 l/7\7f !%17 £o"s'df/L !)18 s]z/ -ufgf !)19 :6]leof %20 hdfg]dfGb|f] @%21 nf}7;Nnf !)22 j]t @%23 sk'/ %24 ;tfj/L –s'/Lnf]_ % 25 ;k{uGw !%26 ;]tf] d';nL !%27 >Lv08 @%28 nlK; %29 ?b|fIf @%30 l6d'/ !)31 t]hkft÷bfnlrgL % gf]6 M ul/asf nflu pknAw u/fOPsf] sfa'nlnotL jgdf j[Iff/f]k0f ug{sf nflu lgMz'Ns lj?jf pknAw x'g] .

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