<p> Background Notes: Fascism and Hitler’s Ideology Nelson/IB History</p><p>What is fascism? When Mussolini was asked what Fascism meant, he replied cryptically ‘It is action.’i </p><p>What do you think he meant? </p><p>How would the Fascist Ideology be different from other mainstream ideologies?</p><p>The Check List: Fascism Nazism Anti-communism Extreme nationalism Racial-superiority concept Anti-Semitism Aggressive foreign policy</p><p>Characteristics of Fascism:</p><p>□ One of the most ______political phenomena of the twentieth century. ii Born between ____ and _____. □ Possible to view fascism as the “most ______new ______idea of the twentieth century.”iii □ Fascism can be seen as a kind of _____ force, lying somewhere between ______and communism. iv □ The ideology was designed to create a ______type of society (a ______).v □ Fascism is ______□ Deny individual rights; the ______party state is ______. □ The state encourages ______, and depends on a strong, loyal ______force (The Nazi ___, or Schutzstaffel) □ Uses ______, brute force, and extensive ______to maintain power. □ Fascism was anti-______and anti-______. □ ______- Power structures of a single party state. ______control of the political, economic, ______, social and cultural institutions of the society. □ Fascism uses ______at its base. (Although Mussolini essentially copied this idea from the Nazis) o Creation of a ______enemy: race, communists, & capitalists. □ German philosopher-historian Ernst Nolte developed the theory of the Three Faces of Fascism in his book. o Italian fascism was the mature form of opposition to the social and political reforms of the French Revolution. o Nazism was ______fascism. o Ideological ______-______against communist internationalism.vi □ Historian Stanley Payne called fascism an “ideology of populist ultra-______advocating national ______. vii □ Fascism offered an “______revolution” in the aftermath of the First World War, promise of ______conquest. Hitler’s Ideology:</p><p>After the failed ______beer hall ______, in November, _____, when the army, the police and the Bavarian government refused to offer support to Hitler’s coup d’état attempt, he was sentenced to five years in ______for ______. He only served 13 months. During his time in prison he did two things:</p><p>1. Made the decision to ______the Nazi Party into a major ______political party & created a plan to gain power.</p><p>2. He wrote down all of his ideological ideas in Mein Kampf (______) (Rot with errors in this 752 book, that he hoped would become a “______” for his followers.</p><p>Hitler’s Ideology and Aims:</p><p>Nazi Party (NSDAP , the National-sozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei) </p><p>I. Objective #1- “Complete ______over the country by the leaders of the movement.”viii</p><p>II. “Use of ______was viewed as a crucial weapon in winning ______support.”ix He believed that the masses could be ______if a message was ______enough times. He believed that the masses could be ______if a message was ______enough times. He believed that the masses could be ______if a message was ______enough times. In Hitler’s view, the mass of voters “will more easily fall victim to a ______lie than to a ______one.”x</p><p>III. Major theme of his book: ______According to Hitler, life was a struggle between the ______and ______races. ______races would conquer the ______races. World was divided into three racial groups: ______– “Those who create cultures.” “the bearers of culture”- Those who ______from the Aryans. The “______peoples”- capable only of destroying culturesxi Key barriers to success were the ______and ______Anti-______provided a convenient scapegoat for Germany’s ills of the Depression Create a German Reich of ______million “racially ______” Germans IV. Hitler wanted to create a type of “______community.” (Volksgemeinschaft) Return to primitive rural form of society based on “______” ______Germany’s medieval past.</p><p>V. Authoritarian Government No democracy. Everything was to be decided by “______man” and an “______of leaders.”xii </p><p>VI. The Nazi state would ______promote equality, only ______of ______. xiii A Nazi state would seek to ______class barriers, but would ______that there would be differences among individuals in talent, status, and wealth. The state must ______the victory of the ______and ______.</p><p>VII. Abolishment of the ______of ______- (The greatest # of pages in Mein Kampf) Key to Hitler’s foreign policy Extend German territory to its ______frontiers. Create a larger German ______. Include all German speakers in Austria and the ______(a region of Czechoslovakia) *Gain ______(______space) in eastern Europe. i Thurlow, Richard. Fascism: Perspectives in History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999, page 1 ii Ibid, p2 iii Ibid, p2 iv Ibid, p2 v Ibid, p2 vi Ibid, p5 vii Ibid, p5 viii McDonough, Frank. Hitler and Nazi Germany: Perspectives in History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999, page 13. ix Ibid, p13 x Ibid, p13 xi Ibid, p13 xii Ibid, p14 xiii Ibid, p14</p>