<p>Lab 4 Jurjevich</p><p>GEOG 101 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY: Weather and Climate Fall 2008</p><p>Name______</p><p>1. You are driving back to Tucson from a relaxing weekend in San Diego and observe that the temperature at Sea Level in San Diego was 20°C. As you increase your elevation in the mountains East of San Diego, you observe the temperature at 5°C at approximately 5,000m. Compute the Environmental Lapse Rate (ELR) for this example.</p><p>2. When vertically displaced air changes temperature at a rate less than the ELR, it is said to be unstable. Consider the following data derived from a weather balloon: Surface air temperature = 34°C; Temperature at 4,000m = -12°C; Dew Point = 8°C. a) Calculate the ELR for the above air.</p><p> b) Calculate the LCL for the air parcel.</p><p> c) Plot the DAR, PAR, and the ELR on a simple graph below. (DAR and PAR should be on one line and the ELR should be on a separate line) Lab 4 Jurjevich</p><p> d) Calculate the temperature of the lifted parcel at the LCL.</p><p>3. Given the following information: Surface temperature = 22°C and temperature at 4,000 meters = -8°C a) Calculate the ELR.</p><p> b) Calculate the temperature for the atmospheric air at 5,000 meters.</p><p> c) Calculate the temperature for a parcel of air at 5,000 meters.</p><p> d) If the air is saturated, lifting parcels would continually be ______(warmer/cooler) than the surrounding air, thus, they would have a tendency to ______(lift/subside). Therefore, the air would be considered ______(stable/unstable).</p><p>If the air is unsaturated, lifting parcels would continually be ______(warmer/cooler) than the surrounding air, thus, they would have a tendency to ______(lift/subside). Therefore, the air would be considered ______(stable/unstable).</p><p>4. Fill in the blanks for the following problem:</p><p>A B C Surface Air Temperature 35C 32C 15C Dew-Point Temperature 10C 17C -5C Air Temperature Aloft 18C @ 4,000m -30C @ 5,000m -14C @ 4,500m</p><p>1. LCL 2. ELR 3. Temperature of lifted air at: Lab 4 Jurjevich</p><p> a. 2,000 meters b. 3,000 meters c. 4,000 meters 4. Compare the ELR with the lapse rates and classify the air as stable, unstable, or cond. stable 5. Identify the two main types of upward movement that we talked about in class and briefly define each process.</p><p>6. Of the two processes listed above in #5, which is the primary cause of monsoon-based thunderstorms in Tucson?</p><p>7. With regards to evaporation and condensation, which latent heat process gives off heat and which absorbs heat (or cools) the air?</p><p>8. Distinguish between the Dew Point temperature and Relative Humidity (RH). Which is more advantageous to use? What two aspects can cause a change in RH?</p><p>9. Explain how convective-based thunderstorms form during the Summer Arizona Monsoon based on heating of air at the surface. Why don’t the thunderstorms form in May and June? Lab 4 Jurjevich</p><p>10. What are the 2 major classes of clouds and give a brief description of each.</p><p>11. Distinguish between Radiation and Advection fog.</p><p>12. Distinguish between sleet and freezing rain.</p><p>13. What is the rainshadow effect? Cite specific U.S. examples of where it occurs.</p><p>14. In what direction do Chinook winds blow? How does this relate to the exacerbation of fire danger primarily in the Western U.S.?</p><p>15. Briefly describe the relationship between thunder and lightning with respect to a storm’s proximity.</p><p>16. Explain why air cools at the Dry-Adiabatic Rate (DAR) below the LCL and at the Pseudo- Adiabatic Rate (PAR) above the LCL. What is the significance of the LCL? Lab 4 Jurjevich</p><p>17. How do scientists determine the stability of surrounding air?</p><p>18. We specifically talked about 4 main Precipitation processes in class. List the 4 processes and briefly describe how each results in precipitation.</p>