Belarusian Association of Journalists (BAJ) MASS MEDIA IN BELARUS 2007 ANNUAL REPORT Minsk 2008 CONTENTS 1. Results – 2007. Review …………..………………..……….… 3 2. Changes in the Legislation …………………………..……… 6 3. Statictic Information …………………...…………..……….… 8 3.1. Printed Media …………………………………………………………………. 8 3.2. TV and radio broadcasting ………………………………………………... 10 3.3. Internet …………………………….………………………………………….. 11 4. Monitoring of Сonflicts in the Веlarusian Media Field 4.1. January – March 2007 ……………………………………………………... 12 4.1.1. Situation Development in the Media Field ………………………. 12 4.1.2. The Main Problem ……………………………………………………. 15 4.2. April – May 2007 ………………………………………………………..…. 17 4.2.1. Situation Development in the Media Field ………………………. 17 4.2.2. The Main Problem …...………………………………………………. 19 4.3. June – August 2007 ……………………………………….……….………. 20 4.3.1. Situation Development in the Media Field ………………………. 20 4.3.2. The Main Problem ……………………………………………………. 23 4.4. September – October 2007 ……………………………………….………. 24 4.4.1. Situation Development in the Media Field ….…...………………. 24 4.4.2. The Main Problem …………………………….……………………… 27 4.5. November – December 2007 ……………………….……………….……. 29 4.5.1. Situation Development in Media Field ….……………….………. 29 4.5.2. The Main Problem ………………….………………………….……. 32 5. Ratings and Events ………….………………..…..……….… 34 Mass-media in Belarus: 2007 1. Results – 2007. Review The refusal of state monopolist enterprises “Belposhta” and “Belsayuzdruk” to distribute numerous independent newspapers through their networks continued exerting negative influence on the situation in the Belarusian media field in 2007. The situation has been remaining unchanged since the eve of Presidential elections at the end of 2005, when most of independent newspapers were excluded from the “Belposhta” subscription catalogues and got pitched out of “Belsayuzdruk” news-stalls. At the end of 2007, the repressed Belarusian periodical editions were joined by some Russian newspapers (“Kommersant”, “Moskovskiy Komsomolets”, “Novaya Gazeta”, “Niezavisimaya Gazeta”). They weren’t included in the Belarusian monopolist press distributor’s Subscription Catalogue 2008 either. Like in case with Belarusian periodicals, “Belposhta” explained its actions by “economic inexpediency”. The courts refused to consider the claims against “Belposhta”, filed by the discriminated newspapers’ editorials and the periodicals’ readers. At that, the subscription to newspapers got announced a licensed kind of activity. The Belarus’ Ministry of Communication and Informatization is responsible for issuing the licenses. Surprisingly, the “Belposhta” state enterprise is subordinate to the Ministry. The Belarus’ state authorities were making use of claims, submitted by top executives, in order to make silent independent mass media in the country. Thus, the Court of Leninski City District of Minsk obliged the “Narodnaya Vola” newspaper and its journalist Maryna Koktysh had to pay out moral damages to the Chief President’s ideologist in the sum of 27 million Belarusian rubles (around USD 13,000) by decision of October 1, 2007. An enormously large sum of moral damages, amounting to 51 million Belarusian rubles (around USD 24,000) was exacted by court upon the claim, submitted by a politician, senator and general Mikalai Charhinets against the “Novy Chas” weekly and its journalist Alaksandr Tamkovich. It has to be noted that initially, M. Charhinets had valued his moral damages at 600,000,000 Belarusian rubles. However, he made up his mind to diminish the demanded sum later on. M. Charhinets’ claim caused large response both in Belarus and abroad that, probably, led to reducing the claimed sum. The exceeding attention to independent journalists and media outlets on the part of the law machinery, including the police, the Public Prosecutors’ offices and the KGB made another characteristic feature of situation in the Belarusian media field last year. The police officers were detaining journalists and private distributors of independent newspapers in all Belarusian regions during the whole year 2007. Especial public response was caused by an incident in Baranavichy (Brest region), when a number of accredited foreign correspondents got detained by the police, as well as by another event at the Belarusian-Ukrainian border, when a group of journalists got detained on their way back home from “The Right to Be Free” Rock Festival in Ukraine. A lot of independent journalists were summoned to the KGB offices. The special services pressurized independent journalists and persecuted correspondents and authors, 3 Mass-media in Belarus: 2007 contributing to the foreign media. The KGB Departments for Homiel and Hrodna regions were especially active in this respect in 2007. The Internet remained in the focus of attention in Belarus last year. Thus, the Belarusian government issued regulations, concerning the work of Internet cafes and clubs. The web- sites reporting on-line from the opposition protest actions in the spring were temporarily disabled by the state monopolist provider. The head of state mentioned in summer that “the anarchy” in the Internet had to be stopped. “We can’t let turning this technical achievement into the informational rubbish dump”, A. Lukashenka emphasized in his speech. As a follow up, the Belarus’ Ministry of Information announced founding an interdepartmental working group on studying the international experience in the field of putting control over the Internet. China was the first country the Ministry officials referred to. A politician and a publicist Andrei Klimau was sentenced to two years of imprisonment for publishing his article on the Web. The civil activist was put behind bars on April 3, 2007. A draft law “On Information, Informatization and Information Security” was adopted after the first reading by the Lower chamber of Belarusian Parliament on December 12, 2008. The independent experts believe it is aimed at restricting the free distribution of information in the country through the traditional media and the Internet. Simultaneously, the Belarusian authorities made attempts to control installations of satellite dishes in the country. Among other, the local authorities started dismantling the “unauthorized” local computer satellite dishes in Pinsk, Minsk, Hrodna and other Belarusian cities and towns. Independent observers believe these steps were connected with opening the “TV Belarus” (“BelSat” Trademark) satellite TV channel, broadcast from the territory of Poland since December 10, 2007. According to the TV Channel’s Web-site (www.belsat.home.pl), “BelSat” aims at presenting “independent and accurate information about the events in Belarus, Europe and the world.” The “BelSat” TV programs are broadcast in Belarusian. According to discussions in the press and the Internet, a meeting of the “banned” rock musicians with Aleh Pralyaskouski, the Head of Chief Ideological Department at the Presidential Administration appeared to be the most stirring public event in the year of 2007. It should be reminded that as soon as a group of famous Belarusian rock musicians took part in an opposition protest action in the summer of 2004, all of them appeared in the so-called “black lists”. Consequently, the majority of Belarusian TV and radio stations refused to broadcast their tracks, referring to some private regulations. The musicians weren’t permitted to arrange concerts either. During the meeting with the leaders of the “banned” rock bands, A. Pralyaskouski let them understand that all non-official bans will be lifted if the musicians avoid playing at the opposition protest actions. The State Budget of Belarus 2008 was approved by the Parliament on December 26, 2007. Accordingly, it is planned to spend around USD 74 million in order to provide financing of state-owned and state-supported media outlets. Just to compare: the sum equaled 60 million USD in 2006, 40 million USD in 2005 and less than 30 million USD in 2004. The Belarusian Association of Journalists carried out monitoring of situation in the Belarusian media field in 2007. Accordingly, the BAJ experts witnessed the following facts and tendencies in the area: • the continued economic and legal discrimination of independent media outlets; 4 Mass-media in Belarus: 2007 • violations of media freedoms, mainly committed by the state institutions and officials, aimed at restricting the circulation of non-censored information in the society; • restriction of non-censored information flows by means of putting economic pressure upon non-state media outlets and minimizing their distribution possibilities, on the one hand, and providing open financial and administrative support to the state-owned / state-controlled media, on the other hand; the stimulated by hardships independent journalism in search of alternative ways to their audiences/readerships (foundation of know-how distribution networks; creation of Internet versions of newspapers; development of on-line periodicals without paper versions; broadcasting from abroad; small-circulation non-registered newspapers’ publishing; multi- media projects etc.). 5 Mass-media in Belarus: 2007 2. Changes in the Legislation The Law “On mitigating extremism” was adopted on January 4. Article 14 of the law forbids publishing and distribution of extremist materials, also through mass media. Information product containing appeals to extremist activity and propagating such activity shall be confiscated and destroyed on the basis of decision of the court classifying this product as extremist materials.