<p> 1</p><p>Supplementary Table A1 Maximum-likelihood estimation of ordered probability model of BMI with ordinal endogenous smoking Smoking treatment equation BMI category equation Variable Estimate S.E. Estimate S.E. Constant –2.103*** 0.226 0.225 0.373 Vigorous exercise 0.021 0.033 –0.016 0.026 Work hours 0.016 0.015 0.001 0.007 Primary 0.032 0.101 0.063 0.061 Senior High –0.116 0.106 –0.126* 0.066 Tertiary –0.552*** 0.144 –0.286*** 0.090 Poverty-low 0.031 0.094 –0.083 0.052 Up-mid income 0.123 0.148 0.027 0.103 High income 0.119 0.235 0.269* 0.145 Chinese –0.268** 0.113 –0.311*** 0.063 Indian –0.365** 0.152 0.007 0.082 Others 0.063 0.138 –0.022 0.083 Male 1.866*** 0.108 0.198*** 0.072 Single –0.155 0.115 –0.009 0.065 Rural 0.177** 0.083 –0.009 0.048 Family history 0.005 0.079 0.125*** 0.046 Cholesterol –0.082 0.078 0.167*** 0.047 Hypertension –0.136 0.085 0.454*** 0.053 Diabetes –0.159 0.120 0.054 0.069 Metropolitan –0.038 0.117 0.211*** 0.059 East Malaysia –0.025 0.121 –0.113 0.073 Age ≤ 30 0.001 0.122 Age 46–59 –0.095 0.086 Age ≥ 60 0.059 0.148 Age / 10 0.629*** 0.176 Age2 / 1000 –0.776*** 0.200 Casual smoker –0.439*** 0.147 Smoker –1.083*** 0.159</p><p>μ1 0.144*** 0.019</p><p>τ1 1.11*** 0.042</p><p>τ2 1.539*** 0.047</p><p>τ3 2.48*** 0.060 ρ 0.487*** 0.083 Log likelihood –4294.540 Note: Asterisks *** indicate statistical significance at the 1% level, ** at the 5% level, and * at the 10% level.</p>