ISSN 2395-3411 Available online at www.ijpacr.com 474 _________________________________________________________Research Article Selective Antimicrobial Properties of Phyllanthus acidus Leaf Extract against Escherichia Coli, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger Jain Bhavana P.*, Jadhav Rupali Y., Lohar Priyanka S., SG. Patil and SP. Pawar P.S.G.V.P. Mandal’s College of Pharmacy, Shahada, Dist – Nandurbar, Maharashtra, India. _______________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Various medicinal plants have been used for years in daily life to treat disease all over the world. In this project study focus the antimicrobial activity of phyllanthus acidus leaf extracts obtained from the village of lonkheda. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of Phyllanthus acidus was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus (gram+ve), Escherichia coli (gram-ve) and Asperagillusnigra, Asparagillusflavus using the Well diffusion method. The solvent type extracts were obtained by extractions with water and n- butanol respectively. The solvents were used as control whereas ampicillin were used as references for bacteria and fungal species respectively. The solvents had the effect on the microorganisms Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and had no effect on fungi.(Asperagillusflavus and Aspergillusniger ) whereas ampicillin inhibited microbial growth. This study suggests that the n-butanol extracts of Phyllanthusacidus, can be used as herbal medicines in the control of Escherichiacoli and Staphylococcus aureus following clinical trials. Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Phyllanthus acidus, Bacteria, Fungi. INTRODUCTION of microbes such as bacteria (antibacterial Nature has been a source of medicinal agents activity), fungi (antifungal activity), viruses for thousands of years and an impressive (antiviral activity) or parasites (antiparasitic number of modern drugs have been isolated activity). from natural source. Interest towards traditional natural products has increased on a METHOD OF EXTRACTION larger scale. In the traditional system of Leaves of Phyllanthus. Acidus were collected Ayurvedic treatment, a medicine consisting of in village of lonkheda.the 250 gm of Fresh plant products either single or in combination leaves were simmered at 60°C for 3 h in with others are considered to be less toxic and 500ml water. The clear solution of the extract free from side effects when compared to was simmered at 50°C to reduce its volume to synthetic drugs.Phyllanthus acidus is 50%, followed by partition extraction with commonly known as gooseberry. It is quite a water-saturated n-butanol. The n-butanol common tree found in the tropics and belongs phase was collected and then carried out to the plant family euphorbiaceae. This project further microbial assay. discusses the antimicrobiological (antibacterial and antifungal) activity of leaves of Phyllanthus acidus also known as Serial no. Sample Code E.coli S.aureus gooseberry.and obtain from the village of 1 Standard 24.65 26.35 2 n-Butanol 10.27 11.47 lonkheda and its possible use as cream / 3 Undiluted sample 18.22 10.83 medicine. Its antimicrobial properties were 4 0.1%diluted sample 12.42 10.56 investigated against Escherichia coli (gram- 5 1.0%diluted sample 9.37 10.38 ve), Staphylococcus aureus (gram+ve), 6 1.5%diluted sample 10.63 10.85 Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. By 7 2.0%diluted sample 11.55 9.75 using Well diffusion method. An antimicrobial is a compound that kills or inhibits the growth International Journal of Pharma And Chemical Research I Volume 3 I Issue 3 I Jul – Sep I 2017 ISSN 2395-3411 Available online at www.ijpacr.com 475 University of Guyana libory, page no Result For Bacteria 1(24) to 36. For Fungi 2. A.Jagajathi1* G Manimekalai2 Serial no. Sample Code A.flavus A.niger ,V.K.Evanjelene3,A. Niemala4, 1 Standard - - P.Vasanthi4,Antimicrobial Activity and 2 n-Butanol - - phytochemical analysis of 3 Undiluted Sample - - 4 0.1% diluted sample - - Phyllanthusacidus’’Journal of Todays 5 1.0% diluted sample - - Biological Science Research and 6 1.5% diluted sample - - Review (JTBSRR) vol.2 Issues 2, 7 2.0% diluted sample - - page no-1 (55) to 7(61). 3. Marisa souse,JirapornOusingsawat, Note: Diameter in mm measured by vernier caliper.- Roswithaseitz, means no zone of inhibition. SupapornPuntheeranurak.,An extract from the medical plant DISCUSSION Phyllanthusacidus and Its isolated The antimicrobial activities of compounds induse Airway Chloride Phyllanthusacidus extract were successful secretoinA.Potential Treatment for determine by using well diffusion Cystics fibrosis. Institute for method.Theextact of Phyllanthusacidus with Physiologie, Universitate Regensburg, n-Butanol solvent it gives good zone of 2006.Page no-367. inhibition over bacteria E.coli and S.aureus 4. Kandil O,RedwanN.M.,Hassan A.B. using well diffusion Amer A.M.M.,EI-BannaH.A.,'Extract method.WherePhyllanthusacidus extract does and fractions of Thymus capitatus not give any effect on fungi Aspergillusflavus exhibit antimicrobial activities.’’ and Aspergillusniger, It indicate that Journal of Ethnopharmacology Phyllanthusacidus extract having antibacterial 1994,44,19-24. activity but it does not have antifugal activity 5. BarreJ.T,BowdenB.F.Coll J.C. Jesus, with n-Butanol solvent. Fuente V.E.,Janairo G.C., Ragasa The undiluted sample of Phyllanthusacidus C.Y., A bioactive triterpene from leaf extract give a better activity with n-Butonol Lantana camara, Phytochemistry solvent other than diluted sample with n- 1997,45:321-324. Butanol. 6. Jagessar,R.C,MohamedA.Research abstracts ‘Antimicrobial activities of CONCLUSION selected plants’’, 1st ,International In this study it is conculed that P.acidus has conference on the status of Biological high antimicrobial activity leaf extract with n- science in the Caribbean and Latin Butanol extract.It contains tannins is detected America societies, Buddy’ S, by performing several chemical tests such as International hotel, Providence test for Guyana,2007. alkaloids,flavonoids,steroids,terpenoids,anthra 7. Profile for Phyllanthusacidus (Tahitan quinone,phenols,saponine,tanin,oils and gooseberry tree) USDA PLANTS,html. resins.The antimicrobial assay also proves 8. F:/Phyllanthus acidus. html that the leaf extract obtained high 9. F:/Phyllanthus-Wikipedia, the free concentractionyeid,that is the P.acidusleaf encyclopedia.html. extract have high antibacterial activity over 10. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia E.coli and S. aureus and does not have coli. antifungal activity. 11. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphyloco ccusaureus. REFERENCES a b 12. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillus 1. R.C.Jagessar, A. Mars ,G.Gomes , niger. “Selective Antimicrobial properties of 13. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillusf Phyllanthusacidus leaf extract against lavus. Candida albicans, Escherichia coli and 14. MarrayP.R.,Baron E.J., Pfaller M.A., Staphylococcus aureus using Tenover F.C., Yolke R.H.1995.Manual stokes.Disc diffusion, well diffusion of Clinical Microbiology.’’ 6th ed. streak plate and a dilution method’’ Mosby Year Book, London. International Journal of Pharma And Chemical Research I Volume 3 I Issue 3 I Jul – Sep I 2017 .