<p> PSRC K-2 Reading Guide Vocabulary/Word Building Skills</p><p>Grade Level Words Basic Sight Words  PSRC-K  Pre-Primer  PSRC-1  Primer  PSRC-2  Dolch  Story “The Best Thing In The World”</p><p>Consonant Sounds(Position) Vowel Sounds Do not say their name  Initial  Short… - apple  Middle - egg  Ending - it  Digraphs – two consonants when used together - ox make a single sound- th, sh, ch, wh, ph, gh, ck - up  Blends – two or three consonant letters pronounced rapidly one after the other cr, sn, sl, * When the vowels are taught, y should be included with the dr, fl long vowels: my, try, baby, candy. Long i/e</p><p>*Only in a few words such as gypsy… Short i</p><p> Long…- cake - leaf - tie - hose - cute  Vowels + r… Vowels are neither long nor short. They are affected and changed by r - car - her -fir - for - fur  Irregular vowel diagraphs… - great - friend</p><p>Dipthongs… A slurring together of two vowel letters – oi, oy, Word Families/Phonograms… Ending on which a word ou, ow family can be built…. - oil -at/bat - boy -et/get - loud -it/fit - cow -ot/got -ut/but</p><p>Special Sounds …au, aw, oo, ew ABC Recognition -taught  26 letters -straw -picture representation -cook -zoo -few Plurals… more than one Rhyming Words  s, x, sh, ch- words ending in these letters form a  you/who plural by adding es  all/Paul -dresses  Jane/rain -brushes  three/we -foxes -lunches  Words ending in y preceded by a vowel are formed plural by adding s -day/days -toy/toys  Words ending in y preceded by a consonant are formed plural by changing the y to i and adding es -baby/babies -lady/ladies -party/parties PSRC K-2 Reading Guide Vocabulary/Word Building Skills</p><p>Compound Words Contractions  some/one  n’t/cannot- can’t  sun/flower  ‘m/I am- I’m  cow/boy  ‘ll/she will- she’ll  ‘s/it is- it’s  ‘ve/we have- we’ve  ‘re/they are- they’re Inflected Endings … s, ed, ing Opposites  looks/looked/looking  up/down  walks/walked/walking  high/low  opens/opened/opening  wet/dry Alphabetizing Comparatives… er, est jump  er – comparing two met  est – comparing more than two apple can sweeter=2 smaller=2 1. apple sweetest=3 smallest=3 2. can 3. jump 4. met Five Essential Components Root Words/Prefixes, and Suffixes  phonemic awareness  -un/unhappy  phonics  re-/rewrite  fluency  ly-/curly  vocabulary  -ful/helpful  comprehension  -er/colder Possessive Forms of Nouns Writing  bird’s nest - singular  journal  boys’ caps/wolves’ – plural  word web  men’s hats – plural noun not ending in s  list  brother-in-law’s car - compound  story response  survey  chart  facts  poem  notes  letter  steps</p><p>Story Elements Silent Letters  author’s purpose  w before r (wrong)  cause/effect  k before n (knife)  character  g before n (gnaw)  compare/contrast  b after m (when in same syllable – climb)  draw conclusions  t before ch (watch)  main idea  c before k (lock)  plot  d before g or ge (dodge)  realism/fantasy  sequence  setting  theme Syllablication Hard/Soft Sound of c, and g  vc/cv = ham/mer  Followed by e, i, y= Soft –c= s/ city  v/cv = la/dy  Followed by a, o, u= Hard –c=k/cake  vc/v = wag/on  Followed by e, i, y = Soft/g = j/giraffe  Followed by a, o, u= Hard/g = g/go</p><p>Root Words and Endings – Doubling Consonants Before Endings.. Inflected Endings  stop stopped stopping  rub rubbed rubbing  hop hopped hopping *Validity - look- has 2 vowels so the k is not doubled - help- has 2 consonants so the p is not doubled - reach- has 2 vowels and 2 consonants so the h is PSRC K-2 Reading Guide Vocabulary/Word Building Skills</p><p> not doubled Sentence Type Declarative – makes a statement * John lives next door. Imperative – Expresses a command or request * Bring me that paper. Interrogative – Asks a question. * Who’s there? Exclamatory – A sentence expressed with strong feeling. * How fast he ran! Parts of Speech Family Words  noun  brother  pronoun  sister  verb  mother  adjective  father  aunt  uncle  cousin  baby  niece  nephew</p>