<p>Attachment 2: VR cholecystectomy benchmarks for the Simbionix LAP Mentor™</p><p>Case 1 group A group B experts [median] (IQR) [median] (IQR) [median] (IQR) n=427 procedures n=399 procedures n=35 procedures Time to extract [553s], (361-805s) [398s], (269-572s) [211], (166-290s) gallbladder** Serious complicationsns Mean 0.26, SD Mean 0.28, SD 0.67 Mean 0, SD 0 0.66 Safe cauteryns [98%], (95-100%) [98%], (93-100%) [96%], (91-100%) Pathway right [672cm], (462- [500cm], (351-710cm) [370cm], (274- instrument** 949cm) 492cm) Case 2 group A group B experts n=270 n=284 n=29 Time to extract [546s], (365-713s) [393s], (291-509s) [231s], (206-279s) gallbladder** Serious complicationsns Mean 0.785; SD Mean 0.658; SD 1.46 Mean 0.1; SD 0.3 2.31 Safe cautery* [98%], (95-100%) [100%], (96-100%) [98%], (93-100%) Pathway right [630cm], (435- [454cm], (355-608cm) [380cm], (336- instrument** 805cm) 434cm) Case 3 group A group B experts n=311 n=309 n=25 Time to extract [589s], (419-775s) [436s], (328-572s) [230s], (184-293s) gallbladder** Serious complications* Mean 0.573; SD Mean 0.427; SD 0.73 Mean 0.16; SD 0.45 0.86 Safe cauteryns [99%], (96-100%) [100%], (96-100%) [100%], (98-100%) Pathway right [699cm], (537- [548cm], (425-711cm) [378cm], (321- instrument** 893cm) 452cm) Case 4 group A group B experts n=331 n=308 n=18 Time to extract [481s], (359-674s) [307s], (284-513s) [196s], (196-294s) gallbladder** Serious complicationsns Mean 0.374; SD Mean 0.315; SD 1.16 Mean 0; SD 0 1.09 Safe cautery* [99%], (69-100%) [100%], (97-100%) [100%], (100- 100%) Pathway right [604cm], (480- [489cm], (373-630cm) [377cm], (317- instrument** 760cm) 479cm) Case 5 group A group B experts n=342 n=326 n=19 Time to extract [542s], (397-799s) [421s], (300-615s) [234s], (207-298s) gallbladder** Serious complicationsns Mean 0.83; SD Mean 0.70; SD 0.74 Mean 0.4; SD 0.5 0.99 Safe cauteryns [88%], (80-95%) [89%], (80-97%) [94%], (82-100%) Pathway right [734cm], (547- [551cm],(424-794cm) [450cm],(385- instrument** 934cm) 503cm) Case 6 group A group B experts n=278 n=243 n=19 Time to extract [360s], (260-572s) [266s], (196-404s) [161s], (144-183s) gallbladder** Serious complicationsns Mean 0.29; SD Mean 0.226; SD 0.77 Mean 0; SD 0 0.74 Safe cauteryns [95%], (95-100%) [100%], (96-100%) [100%], (97-100%) Pathway right [457cm], (362- [331cm], (251-494cm) [242cm], (219- instrument** 631cm) 297cm) Mann-Whitney-U-Test * p< 0.05 level, ** p< 0.001 level Case 5 showed significantly more serious complications (for “serious complications”, mean and SD are given) and a lower level of “safe cautery performance” than the other cases. </p>